高考定语从句专题复习讲义.docx

高考专题复习-定语从句讲义 考纲解读要求：1.掌握关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose, as关系副词why, when, where 的用法；2.掌握介词+which，介词+whom的介词选择；3.掌握非限制性定语从句：as和which的用法； 4.掌握定语从句与其他从句的区别。 知识目标（本课时内容）基础知识回顾：1、什么是定语？ 2、定语从句的功能、位置怎么样？3、什么是先行词、引导词？4、先行词与引导词的关系是什么？5、非限制性定语从句。 能力目标定语从句知识在高考中的应用：1.关系代词的确定；2.关系副词的确定；3.介词+关系代词一、基础知识回顾 什么是定语？指出下列句子中的定语1、Guilin is a beautiful city.2、China is a developing country.3、There are 30 woman teachersin our school.4、His rapid progress in English made us surprised.5、Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.在以上句中，对这些名词起到了 、 的作用成分叫定语。 什么是定语从句1、I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.2、This is the house where we lived last year.3、Harry is the boy whose mother is our teacher.定语从句在句中的作用相当于 ，用来修饰 、 、 等。定语从句又称为形容词性从句。常放在被修饰的名词、代词、句子等（先行词）后面作 。 什么是先行词、引导词1. 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。2. 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系代词：who, whom, whose, that,which 关系副词：when, where,why3. 关系词引导定语从句，同时在意义上指代先行词在定语从句中充当某个成分，先行词在定语从句中不再出现，也不用其他词代替。1.I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.2.This is the house where we lived last year.3.Harry is the boy whose mother is our teacher.二、定语从句高考应用 怎样确定关系代词和关系副词 解题要点：1、先行词为人时，用who作主或宾，whom作宾语；2、先行词为物或整个句子时，用which 作主或宾3、whose用作定语，可指人或物；4.只用that，不用which的情况：l 当先行词有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时；l 当先行词前有the only, the very （正好）, the last, all, every, no, some, any, little, much, few等词修饰时；l 当先行词为anything, nothing, something, everything, all, little, much, none,the one等指物的不定代词时；l 当先行词既有人又有物时l 当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时l 有两个定语从句时，一个宜用which，另一个宜用that5、只用which,不用that 的情况；l 引导非限制性定语从句时；l 引导词前有介词时；l 一个句子中若有两个定语从句，一个用that引导，另一个用which引导；e.g. He bought a book that could give him much knowledge and which could help him to kill the time.l 补充：(只能用who: 当those指人时并作先行词)6、 when（指时间，从句中作时间状语）7、 where（指地点，从句中作地点状语）8、why（指原因，从句中作原因状语）关系代词、副词选择解题技巧 1.首先分清主句和定语从句2.确定定语从句的先行词，并放到定语从句判断其语法成分3.若先行词在从句中做主语、宾语或定语则选择关系代词；若在从句中做状语，则选择关系副词考点一 关系代词的选择1（ 2011山东）The old town has narrow streets and small houses _ are built close to each other. A. theyB. whereC. whatD. that.2. (2011浙江) A bank is the place _ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.A. when B. that C. where D. there3.(2012江苏高考)After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, _ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.AwhichBwho Cwhere Dwhat4. (2012陕西高考)It is the third time that she has won the race, _ has surprised us all.Athat Bwhere Cwhich Dwhat5. (2012重庆高考)Sales director is a position _ communication ability is just as important as sales. Awhich Bthat Cwhen Dwhere考点二 关系副词的选择1(2012江西高考)By 16：30, _ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold. Awhich Bwhen Cwhat Dthat2(2012浙江高考)We live in an age _ more information is available with greater ease than ever before. Awhy Bwhen Cto whom Don which3(2012重庆高考)Sales director is a position _ communication ability is just as important as sales. Awhich Bthat Cwhen Dwhere考点三 介词+关系代词的复合结构中介词的选择解题技巧1. 谓语动词的固定搭配 2. 先行词在从句中的成分 3. 在非限制性定语从句中，名词代词+of+ whichwhom 表示整体与部分的关系4. 当先行词是物时，whosen.then.of which或of whichthen.练习1(2012四川高考)In our class there are 46 students, _ half wear glasses.Ain whom Bin them Cof whom Dof them2(2012山东高考)Maria has written two novels, both of _ have been made into television series. Athem Bthat Cwhich Dwhat3. (2012天津高考)I wish to thank Professor Smith, without _ help I would never have got this far.Awho Bwhose Cwhom Dwhich4. Samuel received a training course in drawing for three years，_he got a good opportunity for further development.Aafter thatBafter which Cafter it Dafter this5. Gun control is a subject _ Americans have argued for a long time.Aof which Bwith which Cabout which Dinto which6. The house I grew up _has been taken down and replaced by an office building.Ain it Bin Cin that Din which7. He studied at a local grammar school for six years, _ he went on to Cambridge.A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this课后练习1(2013合肥一模)At that moment, I was just standing by the window in my room，_ I could see what was occurring on the street.Afrom whichBfrom whose Cfrom that Dfrom where2(2013福建泉州质检)The film Jane Eyre，_ Jane was a strong character, was adapted from the novel of the same title. Awhere Bwhich Cwho Das3(2013哈尔滨高三模拟)Soon children in the camp had many new friends，_ they shared food, stories and projects. Afor which Bwith whom Cof which Dto whom4(2013西安第一次质检)There was a tree in front of the house，_ owner was seen sitting under it, enjoying the shade. Awhere Bwhose Cwhich Dthat5(2013成都部分高中高三教学质量检测)The city was attacked by_ terrible weather_ few citizens had ever experienced before.Aso; as Bso; that Csuch; that Dsuch; as6The accident happened at about 11：30 pm Tuesday at the Guba coal mine in Longchang Township, Fuquan City _ 41 miners were working underground.Awhen Bwhat Cthat Dwhose7(2013“江南十校”联考)There are a lot of stories about Yao Ming, a super basketball star，_ this is an example. Afor whom Bfor which Cof whom Dof which8(2012开封模拟)Our psychology teacher seems unable to explain everything in a way_ makes sense to us. Ain which Bof which C/ Dthat9(2013南通一调)I adore my English teacher because he an always create an atmosphere_ all the students feel respected and cared for.Athat Bwhen Cwhere Dwhich10(2013三明质检) You can only be sure of_ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something_ you might get in the future.Athat; what Bwhat; / Cwhich; that D/; that11(2013屯溪高三模拟)The reason _ he was late was _ he had to send his grandma to a hospital.Athat; why Bwhy; because Cwhy; that Dthat; because12(2013天津和平区一模)Im very grateful to my high school teachers, without _ help I wouldnt be so excellent. Awhom Btheir Cwhose Dwhich13(2013会宁模拟)Mount Wuyi is such an attractive place of interest _ everyone likes to