常见信号词.doc

信号词常见信号词:1. 同向(并列,递进)and(和); furthermore(此外); also(也); likewise(同样); moreover(此外); in addition(除外) ; whats more(另外); for instance/ for example/ such as(例如);meanwhile;2. 反向(转折)although(尽管); however(然而); on the contrary(相反); but(但是); in spite of(尽管); otherwise(否则); despite(尽管); nevertheless(然而); yet(仍); as倒装,表示转折;while (尽管)3. 序列(顺序)first; second; third; and so on(等等); then(然后); after; before; next(接着); last(最后); afterwards(之后); finally/in the end/ at last; prior to(在以前); subsequent to(接着); to begin with(首先,开始); first of all(首先); most important of all(最重要的是); above all; (最重要的是)4. 总括(总结,概括)as a result(结果); therefore(因此); accordingly(因而); in short(总之); so; thus; consequently(结果); in conclusion; in brief(简而言之); in a word; conclude(得出结论); summarize(概括); 5. 因果as a result; for/ because/ since(因为); thus(因此); for this reason(因为这原因); so; therefore; consequently; lead to(导致); result in(导致); attribute to(是.原因); owe to(为.原因); thanks to(由于); due to; follow from(的结果); base .on(以为基础); with;(随着,由于); now that; in that; sothat; so much so that; 注意绝对意义的字眼:first; least最不; always老是; never永不; foremost最; uttermost最; all所有; none一个也不; any唯一的/比较字眼only; sole; unique; simply; just只要; parallel; rival; match; the same as; differ from ; like ; unlike; different from语气:1) 倒装扮 2)虚拟 句型:1.与than相关的短语(1) rather than与would, had等词连用，表主观愿望，意为宁愿而不愿，后面接不带to的动词不定式。He had rather go than stay to be interviewed.他宁愿走，也不愿留下来接受采访。(2) other than不同于，非，除之外The actor performed other than perfectly.演员的表演远非尽善尽美。(3) more than极其，超出，超出的(4) more.than与其倒不如说Joan is more diligent than clever.与其说琼聪明，不如说她勤奋。 (5) no more than=only (6) no more. than( +clause ) 同一样不，意味着前后都否定 Richard is no more courageous than Saul is理查德和索尔都不勇敢。 (7) not more. than(= not. any more than) 不比更，否定前者，肯定后者。 (8) no less. than与一样，不比差，强调同等性(9) not less than以上，至少(10) no sooner. than一就，用法相当于hardly/ scarcely. when。(11) rather than 而不是 (=instead of )2. as(1). not so much. as (but) . 与其说还不如说He is not so much a teacher as a scholar. 与其说他是老师，还不如说是学者。(2). might as well . as. 与其说还不如说You might as well throw your money into the sea as lend it to him.与其将钱借给他，还不如把钱丢进大海。3. 状语从句:notuntil; as soon as; once; so that; such .that; in order that; lest; in case; unless; as long as; suppose/given; whether .or= no matter.; no matter+wh-; as; just as; 4. 其它:none but (=nothing but): 只有 (=only)anything but: 除-之外什么都(此处的but等于except)决不(=not at all)I eat anything but (except) fish. 除了鱼，我什么都吃。She is anything but a good cook. 她决不是个好厨师。(即：除了好厨师，她什么都是。)nothing but (= none but = only): 仅仅，只不过all but 几乎，差一点，除以外其余都是;but for要不是;but that+从句：若不是only + to do”意为“，结果却”，即表示与句子谓语动作的目的相反的结果。not ne