手把手教你搭建用MFC进行OpenGL编程的框架.doc

手把手教你搭建用MFC进行OpenGL编程的框架 第一步：创建项目文件 File | New | Project | MFC AppWizard (exe) | 输入Project Name | 创建一个基于SDI，View类基于CView 的工程文件；第二步：向项目文件中添加OpenGL的绘图函数 Project | Settings | 在Object/library modules：中输入opengl32.lib，glu32.lib，glaux.lib，三者之间用空 格隔开，逗号不用输入； 第三步：添加一些代码 1）在项目工作区的FileView中找到StdAfx.h，添加下面的代码： #include #include #include 2）在项目工作区的ClassView中找到CView类，右击CView类，选择Add Member Vairable，添加一个成员 变量HGLRC m_hRC；选择Add Member Founction,添加一个成员函数void DrawScene()； 3）在项目工作区的ClassView中找到CView类，右击CView类，选择Add Windows Message Handler，为 CView类添加WM_CREATE，WM_DESTORY（方法：在左边的New windows message/events中选中并 双击，然后点击OK）。 在项目工作区的ClassView中找到CView类，找到函数OnCreate()，在该函数中添加如下代码： /定义像素存储格式 PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR pfd= sizeof(PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR), 1, PFD_DRAW_TO_WINDOW|PFD_SUPPORT_OPENGL,PFD_TYPE_RGBA, 24, 0,0,0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0,0,0,0, 32, 0,0, PFD_MAIN_PLANE, 0, 0,0,0, ; CClientDC dc(this); int pixelFormat=ChoosePixelFormat(dc.m_hDC,&pfd); BOOL success=SetPixelFormat(dc.m_hDC,pixelFormat,&pfd); m_hRC=wglCreateContext(dc.m_hDC); 同理找到函数OnDestory()，在该函数中添加下面的代码： wglDeleteContext(m_hRC); 4）在类CView中的函数PreCreateWindows()中添加下面的代码： cs.style|=(WS_CLIPSIBLINGS|WS_CLIPCHILDREN); 5）在类CView中的函数OnDraw()中添加下面的代码： wglMakeCurrent(pDC-m_hDC,m_hRC); DrawScene();/用户自定义的场景绘制函数 wglMakeCurrent(pDC-m_hDC,NULL);这样，一个基于OpenGl标准的程序框架已经构造好了，用户只需在DrawScene()函数中添加程序代码即可。为了验证程序框架的是否正确，请在DrawScene()函数中添加下面的代码： glBegin(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP); glColor3f(1.0,0.0,0.0); glVertex3f(0.0,0.0,0.0); glColor3f(0.0,1.0,0.0); glVertex3f(-0.5,0.0,0.0); glColor3f(0.0,0.0,1.0); glVertex3f(0.0,0.5,0.0); glEnd(); glFlush();然后编译执行直至在MFC窗口中绘制出了一个顶点颜色不同的三角形即可。/ MeshView.cpp : implementation of the CMeshView class / #include stdafx.h #include Mesh.h #include MeshDoc.h #include MeshView.h #ifdef _DEBUG #define new DEBUG_NEW #undef THIS_FILE static char THIS_FILE = _FILE_; #endif / / CMeshView IMPLEMENT_DYNCREATE(CMeshView, CView) BEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP(CMeshView, CView) /AFX_MSG_MAP(CMeshView) ON_WM_PAINT() ON_WM_DESTROY() ON_WM_SIZE() ON_WM_LBUTTONDOWN() ON_WM_LBUTTONUP() ON_WM_RBUTTONDOWN() ON_WM_RBUTTONUP() ON_WM_MOUSEMOVE() ON_WM_ERASEBKGND() ON_WM_CREATE() ON_COMMAND(ID_EDIT_COPY, OnEditCopy) /AFX_MSG_MAP / Standard printing commands ON_COMMAND(ID_FILE_PRINT, CView:OnFilePrint) ON_COMMAND(ID_FILE_PRINT_DIRECT, CView:OnFilePrint) ON_COMMAND(ID_FILE_PRINT_PREVIEW, CView:OnFilePrintPreview) END_MESSAGE_MAP() / / CMeshView construction/destruction CMeshView:CMeshView() / OpenGL m_hGLContext = NULL; m_GLPixelIndex = 0; / Mouse m_LeftButtonDown = FALSE; m_RightButtonDown = FALSE; / Colors m_ClearColorRed = 0.0f; m_ClearColorGreen = 0.0f; m_ClearColorBlue = 0.2f; / Animation m_StepRotationX = 0.0f; m_StepRotationY = 5.0f; m_StepRotationZ = 0.0f; InitGeometry(); CMeshView:CMeshView() /* / InitGeometry /* void CMeshView:InitGeometry(void) m_xRotation = 0.0f; m_yRotation = 0.0f; m_zRotation = 0.0f; m_xTranslation = 0.0f; m_yTranslation = 0.0f; m_zTranslation = -5.0f; m_xScaling = 1.0f; m_yScaling = 1.0f; m_zScaling = 1.0f; m_SpeedRotation = 1.0f / 3.0f; m_SpeedTranslation = 1.0f / 50.0f; m_xyRotation = 1; BOOL CMeshView:PreCreateWindow(CREATESTRUCT& cs) return CView:PreCreateWindow(cs); / / CMeshView drawing void CMeshView:OnDraw(CDC* pDC) CMeshDoc* pDoc = GetDocument(); ASSERT_VALID(pDoc); / TODO: add draw code for native data here / / CMeshView printing BOOL CMeshView:OnPreparePrinting(CPrintInfo* pInfo) / default preparation return DoPreparePrinting(pInfo); void CMeshView:OnBeginPrinting(CDC* /*pDC*/, CPrintInfo* /*pInfo*/) void CMeshView:OnEndPrinting(CDC* /*pDC*/, CPrintInfo* /*pInfo*/) / / CMeshView diagnostics #ifdef _DEBUG void CMeshView:AssertValid() const CView:AssertValid(); void CMeshView:Dump(CDumpContext& dc) const CView:Dump(dc); CMeshDoc* CMeshView:GetDocument() / non-debug version is inline ASSERT(m_pDocument-IsKindOf(RUNTIME_CLASS(CMeshDoc); return (CMeshDoc*)m_pDocument; #endif /_DEBUG / / / OPENGL / / /* / OnCreate / Create OpenGL rendering context /* int CMeshView:OnCreate(LPCREATESTRUCT lpCreateStruct) if(CView:OnCreate(lpCreateStruct) = -1) return -1; HWND hWnd = GetSafeHwnd(); HDC hDC = :GetDC(hWnd); if(SetWindowPixelFormat(hDC)=FALSE) return 0; if(CreateViewGLContext(hDC)=FALSE) return 0; /:ReleaseDC(hWnd,hDC); / Default mode glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT,GL_FILL); glPolygonMode(GL_BACK,GL_FILL); glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH); glEnable(GL_NORMALIZE); / Lights properties floatambientProperties = 0.7f, 0.7f, 0.7f, 1.0f; floatdiffuseProperties = 0.8f, 0.8f, 0.8f, 1.0f; floatspecularProperties = 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f; glLightfv( GL_LIGHT0, GL_AMBIENT, ambientProperties); glLightfv( GL_LIGHT0, GL_DIFFUSE, diffuseProperties); glLightfv( GL_LIGHT0, GL_SPECULAR, specularProperties); glLightModelf(GL_LIGHT_MODEL_TWO_SIDE, 1.0); glClearColor(m_ClearColorRed,m_ClearColorGreen,m_ClearColorBlue,1.0f); glClearDepth(1.0f); glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK,GL_FILL); / Perspective CRect rect; GetClientRect(&rect); double aspect = (rect.Height() = 0) ? rect.Width() : (double)rect.Width()/(double)rect.Height(); gluPerspective(45,aspect,0.1,1000.0); /glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT,GL_FILL); /glPolygonMode(GL_BACK,GL_POINT); / Default : lighting glEnable(GL_LIGHT0); glEnable(GL_LIGHTING); / Default : blending glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA); glEnable(GL_BLEND); / Default : material floatMatAmbient = 0.0f, 0.33f, 0.50f, 1.0f; floatMatDiffuse = 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f; floatMatSpecular = 0.1f, 0.1f, 0.1f, 1.0f; floatMatShininess = 84 ; floatMatEmission = 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f; / Back : green float MatAmbientBack = 0.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f; glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); /glDepthFunc(Gl_LESS); / Modulate : texture lighting glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D); TRACE(Texture parameters.n); glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT); glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT); glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); glTexEnvf(GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE, GL_MODULATE); return 1; / / CMeshView message handlers void CMeshView:OnPaint() / Device context for painting CPaintDC dc(this); / Model is stored in Document CMeshDoc *pDoc = (CMeshDoc *)GetDocument(); /ASSERT_VALID(pDoc); / Useful in multidoc templates HWND hWnd = GetSafeHwnd(); HDC hDC = :GetDC(hWnd); wglMakeCurrent(hDC,m_hGLContext); glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); glPushMatrix(); / Position / translation / scale glTranslated(m_xTranslation,m_yTranslation,m_zTranslation); glRotatef(m_xRotation, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0); glRotatef(m_yRotation, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0); glRotatef(m_zRotation, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0); glScalef(m_xScaling,m_yScaling,m_zScaling); / Start rendering. pDoc-RenderScene(); glPopMatrix(); / Double buffer SwapBuffers(dc.m_ps.hdc); glFlush(); / Release :ReleaseDC(hWnd,hDC); /* / SetWindowPixelFormat /* BOOL CMeshView:SetWindowPixelFormat(HDC hDC) PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR pixelDesc; pixelDesc.nSize = sizeof(PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR); pixelDesc.nVersion = 1; pixelDesc.dwFlags = PFD_DRAW_TO_WINDOW | PFD_SUPPORT_OPENGL | PFD_DOUBLEBUFFER | PFD_STEREO_DONTCARE; pixelDesc.iPixelType = PFD_TYPE_RGBA; pixelDesc.cColorBits = 32; pixelDesc.cRedBits = 8; pixelDesc.cRedShift = 16; pixelDesc.cGreenBits = 8; pixelDesc.cGreenShift = 8; pixelDesc.cBlueBits = 8; pixelDesc.cBlueShift = 0; pixelDesc.cAlphaBits = 0; pixelDesc.cAlphaShift = 0; pixelDesc.cAccumBits = 64; pixelDesc.cAccumRedBits = 16; pixelDesc.cAccumGreenBits = 16; pixelDesc.cAccumBlueBits = 16; pixelDesc.cAccumAlphaBits = 0; pixelDesc.cDepthBits = 32; pixelDesc.cStencilBits = 8; pixelDesc.cAuxBuffers = 0; pixelDesc.iLayerType = PFD_MAIN_PLANE; pixelDesc.bReserved = 0; pixelDesc.dwLayerMask = 0; pixelDesc.dwVisibleMask = 0; pixelDesc.dwDamageMask = 0; m_GLPixelIndex = ChoosePixelFormat(hDC,&pixelDesc); if(m_GLPixelIndex = 0) / Choose default m_GLPixelIndex = 1; if(DescribePixelFormat(hDC,m_GLPixelIndex, sizeof(PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR),&pixelDesc)=0) return FALSE; if(!SetPixelFormat(hDC,m_GLPixelIndex,&pixelDesc) return FALSE; / CListBox return TRUE; /* / CreateViewGLContext / Create an OpenGL rendering context /* BOOL CMeshView:CreateViewGLContext(HDC hDC) m_hGLContext = wglCreateContext(hDC); if(m_hGLContext=NULL) return FALSE; if(wglMakeCurrent(hDC,m_hGLContext)=FALSE) return FALSE; return TRUE; void CMeshView:OnDestroy() if(wglGetCurrentContext() != NULL) wglMakeCurrent(NULL,NULL); if(m_hGLContext != NULL) wglDeleteContext(m_hGLContext); m_hGLContext = NULL; CView:OnDestroy(); void CMeshView:OnSize(UINT nType, int cx, int cy) CView:OnSize(nType, cx, cy); HWND hWnd = GetSafeHwnd(); HDC hDC = :GetDC(hWnd); /TRACE(Activate view, set active OpenGL rendering context.n); wglMakeCurrent(hDC,m_hGLContext); / Set OpenGL perspective, viewport and mode double aspect = (cy = 0) ? cx : (double)cx/(double)cy; glViewport(0,0,cx,cy); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); gluPerspective(45,aspect,0.1,1000.0); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glLoadIdentity(); glDrawBuffer(GL_BACK); / Release :ReleaseDC(hWnd,hDC); void CMeshView:OnLButtonDown(UINT nFlags, CPoint point) m_LeftButtonDown = TRUE; m_LeftDownPos = point; SetCapture(); CView:OnLButtonDown(nFlags, point); void CMeshView:OnLButtonUp(UINT nFlags, CPoint point) m_RightButtonDown = FALSE; m_LeftButtonDown = FALSE; ReleaseCapture(); CView:OnLButtonUp(nFlags, point); void CMeshView:OnRButtonDown(UINT nFlags, CPoint point) m_RightButtonDown = TRUE; m_RightDownPos = point; SetCapture(); CView:OnRButtonDown(nFlags, point); void CMeshView:OnRButtonUp(UINT nFlags, CPoint point) m_RightButtonDown = FALSE; m_LeftButtonDown = FALSE; ReleaseCapture(); CView:OnRButtonUp(nFlags, point); void CMeshView:OnMouseMove(UINT nFlags, CPoint point) / Both : rotation if(m_LeftButtonDown & m_RightButtonDown) if(m_xyRotation) m_yRotation -= (float)(m_LeftDownPos.x - point.x) * m_SpeedRotation; m_xRotation -= (float)(m_LeftDownPos.y - point.y) * m_SpeedRotation; else m_zRotation -= (float)(m_LeftDownPos.x - point.x) * m_SpeedRotation; m_xRotation -= (float)(m_LeftDownPos.y - point.y) * m_SpeedRotation; m_LeftDownPos = point; m_RightDownPos = point; InvalidateRect(NULL,FALSE); else / Left : x / y translation if(m_LeftButtonDown) m_xTranslation -= (float)(m_LeftDownPos.x - point.x) * m_SpeedTranslation; m_yTranslation += (float)(m_LeftDownPos.y - point.y) * m_SpeedTranslation; m_LeftDownPos = point; InvalidateRect(NULL,FALSE); else / Right : z translation if(m_RightButtonDown) m_zTranslation += (float)(m_RightDownPos.y - point.y) * m_SpeedTranslation; m_RightDownPos = point; InvalidateRect(NULL,FALSE); /* TRACE(nPositionn); TRACE(Translation : %g %g %gn,m_xTranslation,m_yTranslation,m_zTranslation); TRACE(Rotation : %g %g %gn,m_xRotation,m_yRotation,m_zRotation); */ CView:OnMouseMove(nFlags, point); BOOL CMeshView:OnEraseBkgnd(CDC* pDC) return TRUE; return CView:OnEraseBkgnd(pDC); void CMeshView:OnActivateView(BOOL bActivate, CView* pActivateView, CView* pDeactiveView) HWND hWnd = GetSafeHwnd(); HDC hDC = :GetDC(hWnd); wglMakeCurrent(hDC,m_hGLContext); :ReleaseDC(hWnd,hDC); CView:OnActivateView(bActivate, pActivateView, pDeactiveView); void CMeshView:OnEditCopy() / Clean clipboard of contents, and copy the DIB. if(OpenClipboard() BeginWaitCursor(); / Snap CSize size; unsigned char *pixel = SnapClient(&size); / Image CTexture image; / Link image - buffer int success = 0; VERIFY(image.ReadBuffer(pixel,size.cx,size.cy,24); / Cleanup memory delete pixel; EmptyClipboard(); SetClipboardData(CF_DIB,image.ExportHandle(); CloseClipboard(); EndWaitCursor(); / Hand-made client snapping unsigned char *CMeshView:SnapClient(CSize *pSize) BeginWaitCursor(); / Client zone CRect rect; GetClientRect(&rect); /CSize size(CTexture:LowerPowerOfTwo(rect.Width(),rect.Height(); CSize size(rect.Width(),rect.Height(); *pSize = size; ASSERT(size.cx 0); ASSERT(size.cy 0); / Alloc unsigned char *pixel = new unsigned char3*size.cx*size.cy; ASSERT(pixel != NULL); / Capture frame buffer TRACE(Start reading client.n); TRACE(Client : (%d,%d)n,size.cx,size.cy); CRect ClientRect,MainRect; this-GetWindowRect(&ClientRect); CWnd *pMain = AfxGetApp()-m_pMainWnd; CWindowDC dc(pMain); pMain-GetWindowRect(&MainRect); int xOffset = ClientRect.left - MainRect.left; int yOffset = ClientRect.top - MainRect.top; for(int j=0;jsize.cy;j+) for(int i=0;isize.cx;i+) COLORREF color = dc.GetPixel(i+xOffset,j+yOffset); pixel3*(size.cx*(size.cy-1-j)+i) = (BYTE)GetBValue(color); pixel3*(size.cx*(size.cy-1-j)+i)+1 = (BYTE)GetGValue(color); pixel3*(size.cx*(size.cy-1-j)+i)+2 = (BYTE)GetRValue(color); EndWaitCursor(); return pixel; 【转】基于MFC的OpenGL绘图（续） 三、画图实例 下面给出一个简单的二维图形的例子（这个例子都是以上述框架为基础的）。 用Classwizard为COpenGLDemoView添加WMSIZE的消息处理函数OnSize，代码如下：void COpenGLDemoView:OnSize(UINT nType, int cx, int cy) CView:OnSize(nType, cx, cy); / TODO: Add your message handler code here GLsizei width,height; GLdouble aspect; width = cx; height = cy; if(cy=0) aspect = (GLdouble)width; else aspect = (GLdouble)width/(GLdouble)height; glViewport(0,0,width,height); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); gluOrtho2D(0.0,500.0*aspect,0.0,500.0); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glLoadIdentity();用Classwizard为COpenGLDemoView添加WM_PAINT的消息处理函数OnPaint，代码如下：void COpenGLDemoView:OnPaint() CPaintDC dc(this); / device context for painting / TODO: Add your message handler code here / Do not call CView:OnPaint() for painting messages glLoadIdentity(); glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); glBegin(GL_POLYGON); glColor4f(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f,1.0f); glVertex2f(100.0f,50.0f); glColor4f(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f,1.0f); glVertex2f(450.0f,400.0f); glColor4f(0.0f,0.0f,1.0f,1.0f); glVertex2f(450.0f,50.0f); glEnd(); glFlush();这个程序的运行结果是黑色背景下的一个绚丽多彩的三角形。 这里你可以看到用OpenGL绘制图形非常容易，只需要几条简单的语句就能实现 强大的功能。如果你缩放窗口，三角形也会跟着缩放。这是因为OnSize通过glViewport(0, 0, width, height)定义了视口和视口坐标。glViewport的第一、二个参数是视口左下角的像素坐标，第三、四个参数是视口的宽度和高度。 OnSize中的glMatrixMode是用来设置矩阵模式的，它有三个选项：GL_MODELVIEW、GL_PROJECTION、 GL_TEXTURE。GL_MODELVIEW表示从实体坐标系转到人眼坐标系。GL_PROJECTION表示从人眼坐标系转到剪裁坐标系。 GL_TEXTURE表示从定义纹理的坐标系到粘贴纹理的坐标系的变换。 glLoadIdentity初始化工程矩阵(project matrix)；gluOrtho2D把工程矩阵设置成显示一个二维直角