毕业论文全套系列三 法学专业 外文翻译 论著作人身权的精神损害赔偿.doc

法学外文文献翻译题 目: 论著作人身权的精神损害赔偿 姓 名: 学院（部）: 专 业: 法 学 班 级: 学 号: 指导教师: 职称: 外文文献翻译知识产权案例和分析Stephen.M.McJohn中信出版社版权所有权与实物所有权之区别一位收藏家购买了一幅油画，一年后却发现当地礼品店出售这幅画的海报。然而，这画只有收藏家拥有难道店主不需要经过她的同意就能复制该画？如果不可以，收藏家是否至少能参与竞争来出售自己的海报？答案显然是否定的。 版权所有权及其它的一切专有权与作品所体现的实物所有权是不同的。包括作品或音响制品在最初完成时的拷贝在内的一切实物所有权的转让，其本身既不能传达实物版权作品的任何权利，由于缺少合同也无法转让版权所有权，无法转让实物所有权的一切版权之专有权。 根据美国版权法第202条17款，画家创作了绘画，故画家拥有该画（财产法上）和其版权（版权法上）。收藏家购买绘画。出售画作并不隐含同时出售版权，同理，如果画家将该画的版权出售给收藏家，其中也不可能包括其作品的自动让与。更确切地说，如果收藏家购买了一份作品的副本他就拥有该副本的版权，她拥有复制该副本的专有权，但不可以发挥它的权利，因为她没有原作版权。转让的终止与作者的授权终止条款之效应是将多数转让的时效限制在35年内，而不允许完全的转让。作家终止专有权的权利不可剥夺，他可以终止版权授予的全部专有权或非专有权的转让或授权。依据美国版权法第203条，自转让之日起35年后的5年中系转让的终止有效期。在此规定时限内必须以书面形式告知承受人或继承人，并送美国版权局存档。实施终止并不适用于雇佣协议的作品，其转让终止不会被免除。实施终止就是将所有授让的权利归还给作者（或她的继承人，或遗产继承人）。终止授让权也有例外，即：依据转让规定承受人可以继续使用原作的衍生品，但无权制作新衍生作品。 假设作者于2001年创作了她的儿童小说，并于2002年1月1日将版权转让给Megacorp公司。该书畅销不衰，销量持续高位。十年来，该公司每年售出上万册，并将其成功地搬上荧幕，取得长期足的公演成就。作者（或她的继承人，或遗产继承人）可以终止其版权的转让。转让终止的生效期始于2037年1月1日之后5年内的任意时间（是转让之日起后的35年，而非版权生效之日）。同理，她的次要转让的终止期也属此列。例如，出版权的许可。她必须出示在此之前两年以上的书面告知和有效的产权终止记录。这样终止才能生效，版权回归作者。至此她可以将书出售或是另拍一部电影。她不能获得Megacorp公司拍摄的电影版权，而后者可以继续使用该影片。Megacorp公司亦不可根据该书的衍生作品拍摄其他电影。如果作者不行使终止转让权，则该公司可以继续拥有版权并持续整个作品保护期（作者有生之年加上死后70年）。 值得注意的是，如果作者以Megacorp公司雇员的身份创作小说，就不享有转让的终止权。终止权不适用于雇佣协议的作品。由于是雇佣协议创作品，版权应该归雇佣者所有，即Megacorp公司。但该公司与作者都不能行使终止权。著作者35年后也无权“收归”作品。如果该公司出售了版权（就算是可转让），从法律上讲也无权行使转让的终止权。第106A条：视觉艺术中的精神权利除了美国版权法第106条17款外，视觉艺术的作者还享有本条款第106A款所规定的作品属性和完整性的权利。这通常称之为“精神权利”。如果帕梅拉创作一幅肖像，她拥有以下权利：(一)声明为该作品的原作者并防止发生非本人创作之视觉艺术品被错误地冠以本人之名的情况；（二）防止发生因（蓄意）曲解、抵毁，或是修改本作品的行为而导致在某种意义上可能损害其荣誉或名声的现象；（三）防止发生损害其荣誉或名声之（蓄意）曲解，抵毁，或是修改本作品的行径；（四）防止发生在作品获得认可时毁坏作品的行径。简言之，视觉艺术作品的作者有合理的著作归属权并有权保护作品的自然属性。第106A款在这类保护作品属性和完整性的权利方面强行设置许多限制，因此只适用于 “视觉艺术”作品的范畴，它们是：专一的作品，签署并编号限量版不超过200册，或是摄影相片用于展览的作品，绘画、素描、版画及雕塑之作品。依据美国版权法第101条第17款规定，小说、诗歌、电影、歌曲和其他创作品不受第106A款的保护。诸如地图、技术图纸和广告之类的许多具有商业性或功能性的视觉艺术作品也不在保护范围之列。此外，第106A款也不适用于雇佣协议的作品。同理，创作视觉艺术品的雇员也不受此款保护。反对曲解作品的保护条款仅限于作品的自然属性。因此，曲解作品者只是动用了作品的自然属性，才得以做成扭曲原作的作品，却并不违反第106A款之规定。(最后，)保护作品属性和完整性的权利不可转让，但可以被免除。第106A款只为少数类别的作品提供保护。然而，作者仍然可以运用知识产权法的其他条款保护作品的属性和完整性。例如，修改原作可以产生衍生作品，错误更改作品的属性亦可能侵犯作品，违反新版权信息管理规定。版权终止权让众多作者永久放弃作品的权利。更为普遍的情形是，商标法和法律的其他领域也保护原著作免于被冒用。外文文献翻译原文Intellectual Property, example and explanationsStephen.M.McJohnZhongxin PressOwnership of copyright distinguished from ownership of material object.Collector purchases a painting. A year later, she is disturbed to see that a local gift shop is selling posters of the painting. But she owns the paintingdoesnt the shop owner need her permission to make copies? If not, can she at least set up in competition and sell her own poster? No and no: Ownership of a copyright, or of any of the exclusive rights under a copyright, is distinct from ownership of any material object in which the work is embodied. Transfer of ownership of any material object, including the copy or phonorecord in which the work is first fixed, does not of itself convey any right in the copyrighted work embodied in the object; nor, in the absence of an agreement, does transfer of ownership of a copyright or of any exclusive rights under a copyright convey property rights in any material object. 17 U.S.C.202. Painter created the painting, so Painter owned the painting (under property law) and the copyright (under copyright law). Collector bought the painting. A sale of the painting does not implicitly include the copyright. Likewise, if painter had sold Collector the copyright, that transaction would not have automatically included the painting. Indeed, if collector bought the copyright with buying a copy of the work, she would have the exclusive right to make copies but not be able to exercise it since she owned no copy to work from.Termination of transfers and licenses granted by authorThe termination provision has the effect of limiting many transfers to 35 years, rather than permitting complete conveyances. An author has the inalienable right to terminate any exclusive right to terminate any exclusive or nonexclusive grant of a transfer or license of any or all of the rights under a copyright. 17 U.S.C.$203. Under $203, termination may be effected during the 5-year period after 35 years from the date of the grant. There must be written notice to the grantee or successor within certain time limits, and a copy the notice must be recorded in the U.S. Copyright Office. The right of termination does not apply to works made for hire. The right of termination may not be waived. The effect of termination is that all rights under the grant revert to the author (or her heirs or estate). There is one exception to the termination of rights under the grant: The grantees may continue to utilize derivative works prepared pursuant to the grant, but do not have the right to prepare new derivative works. Suppose that Author writes her childrens novel in 2001 and assigns the copyright to Megacorp on January 1, 2002. The book becomes an enduring commercial success. Over the next decades Megacorp sells thousands of copies every year. Mefacorp also makes a successful movie, which is a long-running success. Author (or her heir or her estate) may terminate the transfer of the copyright, effective anytime from January 1, 2037 (35 years from the grant, not from the beginning of the copyright) for the next 5 years. The same would true if she had made a lesser grant, such as a license of the publication right. She must give at least 2 years prior notice and record a copy for determination to be effective. The copyright would revert to Author, who would now sell the book or make another movie. She would not get the copyright of to the movie made by Megacorp, which could continue to utilize the movie. Megacorp could not make another movie that was a derivative work of the work of the book. If Author did not terminate the transfer, then Megacorp would continue to own the copyright for its entire term (Authors life plus 70 years) Note that if Author had written the book as an employee of Megacorp, there would be no right of termination. The termination right does not apply to works made for hire. As a work made for hire, the copyright would belong to the employer, Megacorp. Neither Megacorp nor Author would have termination rights. Author would have no right to get it “back” after 35 years. If Megacorp sold the copyright (or granted a license), Megacorp would have no statutory right of termination.Section 106A: moral rights in works of Visual ArtIn addition to the exclusive rights under 17 U.S.C $106, the author of a “work of visual art” enjoys right of attribution and integrity under 17 U.S.C. $106A, commonly called “moral rights.” If Pamela paints a portrait, she has the rights to (1)claim authorship of the work and prevent misattribution of her name as author to any work of visual art she did not create;(2)prevent using of her name as the author in a manner that would be prejudicial to her honor or reputation if the work has been distorted, mutilated, or otherwise modified;(3)prevent intentional distortion, mutilation, or other modification of the work that would be prejudicial to her honor or reputation; and (4)if it is a work of recognized stature, to prevent destruction of the work.In short, authors of works of visual art are entitled to proper attribution of authorship and to protection of the physical work itself. Section 106A imposes many limitations on these rights of attribution and integrity. They apply only to works falling within the definition of “work of visual art”: single works, signed and numbered limited editions of no more than 200 copies, or photographic prints produced for exhibition, paintings, drawings, prints, and sculptures. 17 U.S.C.$ 101. So novels, poems, movies, songs, and many other creative works are not protected by $106A. Many visual works of a commercial or functional nature, such as maps, technical drawings and advertisements, are also excluded from coverage. In addition, 106A is inapplicable if the work is a work for hire, so employees that create works of visual art are likewise outside $106A. The protection against distortion applies only to t