急救培训(英文板).ppt

FIRSTAID FIRSTAID Thisisthefirsthelp assistancegiventoapersonwhoissick injuredbeforemedicalhelpisobtained Treatment BASICPRINCIPLESOFRESCUSCITATIONDRABCDisDanger safetyRisResponseAisforairways mouthandnose Bisforbreathing chestexpansion Cisforcirculation checkforthepulse THREEBASICPRINCIPLESOFFIRSTAID 1 DiagnosisHistory Findoutwhathappened when whereandhow Signs Physicalfeaturesyoucanseeonthepatient wound vomiting swelling bleeding Symptoms thingsfeltbythepatient pain discomfort dizzinessetc 2 TreatmentPreservelifePreventconditiongettingworsePromoterecovery3 DisposalSendingthepatienttothehospitaloranymedicalcenter SKELETON Thisistheframeworkofthebody it smadeupof206bones TYPESLongbones armsandlegsHandandfoot 27bonesonthehand SKELETON Flatbones skull ribs pelvis theseareforprotection Irregularbones vertebrae backbone 26ofthem CENTRALNERVOUSSYSTEM Thecentralnervoussystemcontrolsallvoluntaryactivitiesandismadeupof ThebrainGreaterbrain forconsciousnesse g CENTRALNERVOUSSYSTEM Thelesserbrain forbalancingBrainstem forautonomicnervoussysteme g breathingThespinalcordtoconductimpulsestoandfromthebrainNervestotransportimpulsestoandfromthespinalcord MUSCLES Itistheredfleshofthebody whichcarries50 ofthetotalweightofthebody TYPESVoluntarymuscles thosethatarecontrolledbythewille g walking running stopping smiling laughingetc Involuntarymuscles thosethatarecontrolledautomaticallye g breathing blinkingoftheeye FRACTURE ThisisthebreakintheboneTYPESClosedfracture simplefracture Openfracture compoundfracture Allthesefracturescanbecomecomplicatedwhenthebonebreaksanddamagesothervitalorgans FRACTURE CAUSESDirectviolence bonebreaksdirectlywhereforceisapplied Transmittedviolence bonebreaksawayfromwhereforceisapplied Muscularaction thisiscausesbythepullingofmuscles Diseasesofthebone SIGNSANDSYMPTOMS P I D A C I S S SPainInabilityDeformity SIGNSANDSYMPTOMS AbnormalmovementCreptusIrregularitySwellinganddiscolorationShockduetopainandlossofbloodShortening TREATMENT Check DRABCStopbleedingifanyTakesupportDressanywoundsImmobilizethefracturesothatYoupreventfurtherdamageYoulessenpainYoucaneasilycarrythepatienttohospital DISLOCATION ThisisthedisplacementoftheboneatajointTYPESClosedOpenSIGNSANDSYMPTOMSSeverepainDeformitySwellingFixation nomovement atajoint TREATMENT DonottrytostraightenitCheck DRABCImmobilizejustasitisfoundandtakethepatienttothehospitalStopbleedingifanyTakesupport TREATMENT DressanywoundsImmobilizethedislocationsothatYoupreventfurtherdamageYoulessenpainYoucaneasilycarrythepatienttohospital WOUNDS ThisisacutorbreakintheskinTYPESContusedwound thetissuesareburstopenbybluntforcee g ahammer WOUNDS Laceratedwound thetissuesaretornapartbyroughsurfaces Incisedwound thesearecleancutwoundsusingaknifeorrazorblade Puncturedwound thesearedeepcutse g bulletwound anailstraightintotheskin DANGERSOFWOUNDS LossofbloodTherecouldbeinternalbleedingInfections TheobjectmaytransmitinfectionsDamagetointernalparts TREATMENT StopbleedingUsingdirectpressureUsingdigitalpointsUsingatourniquetWashyourhands wearsurgicalgloves TREATMENT ExposethewoundApplytemporarydressingtopreventinfectionsCleantheareaawayandaroundthewoundApplyapermanentdressingandapressurebandageWedothisinordertostopinfectionsandbleedingSendthepatienttothehospital BLEEDING HEMORRHAGE BleedingisthelossofbloodfromthebodyBloodismadeupoftwothingsPlasma fluidCells RedbloodcellscarryingoxygenWhitebloodcellstofightagainstinfectionsPlateletswhichhelpwithclotting ORGANSOFCIRCULATIONANDKINDSOFBLEEDING Heart topumpbloodandhasfourchambersBloodvesselsArteries tocarrybloodawayfromtheheartCapillaries tocirculatebloodaroundthebodyVeins tocarrybloodbacktotheheart TYPESOFBLEEDING TherearetwotypesofbleedingExternalbleeding outsidebleeding Internalbleeding insidebleeding TYPESOFBLEEDING Oninternalbleedingwehavewhatiscalledconcealedandrevealedbleeding Concealedbleedingisverydangerousbecausethepatientmaydieifnottakentothehospitalintime ArterialBleedingBleedingthroughtheartery bloodwillcomeoutwithpressureanditwillbebrightredincolorbecauseitisrichinoxygen CapillaryBleedingBleedingthroughthecapillary thebloodwilloozeoutandcanstoponitsown Thebloodwilllookdark VenousBleedingBleedingthroughtheveins bloodwillflowoutinastreamandwilllookdarkredincolorsinceithaslostitsoxygen NOTE Whendonatingblood bloodwillbetakenfromthepersonusingtheveinsandwillbegiventothepatientthroughtheveins SIGNSANDSYMTOMSOFBLEEDING F R I S FaintnessgoingintocollapseRapidthreadpulse weakpulseIncreasingpallorandrestlessnessShallowsighingrespiration METHODSOFSTOPPINGBLEEDING Directpressure alwaysuseapad DigitalpressureonthepressurepointsTemporalarteriesfoundneartheearwhenbleedingontheheadSub clevianarteriesfoundonthecollarbone whenbleedingontheupperarmBrachialarteriesfoundontheupperarm whenbleedingonthelowerarm FemoralarteriesfoundonthegroinwhenbleedingonthelegFacialarteriesfoundunderthechin whenbleedingonthefaceOccipitalarteriesfoundatthebackofthehead whenbleedingonthebackoftheheadTheuseofaninstrumentcalledatourniquet TheuseofaninstrumentcalledatourniquetRubbertourniquetBandagetourniquetPlugging PRECAUTIONSWHENUSINGATOURNIQUET ApplyitwherethereisonlyoneboneAlwayspadtheareaReleaseitafter10 20minutesandtightenafter15secondsandifthebleedinghasstoppedleavethetourniquetloosebutdon ttakeitaway Accompanythepatienttothehospital DANGERSOFTOURNIQUET PainfulItcancausetissuedestructionItcancausedeathofthelimbItcanonlybeusedwherethereisonlyonebone ADVANTAGES ItcanstopbleedingatonceItcanstopmultiplebleedingononesinglelimbItcanstopbleedingasyouattendtotheotherpatientsorotherthingsItcanstopbleedingasyoutransportyourpatienttothehospital SHOCK Thisisthereductionofbloodcirculationaffectingthebrain SHOCK TYPESNervousshockcausebyfear pain badorgoodnewsHerethepatientwillhavethesamevolumeofbloodbuthasjustbeendrainedfromthebraintothelowerpartofthebody How Surgicalshockcausedbylossofbloodthroughinjuries burns anddiseases SHOCK SIGNSANDSYMPTOMSSweatingTalkativeandrestlessFaceandlipsturnpalePulseisweakandrapidColdandclammyskin armsandlegs UnconsciousnessShallowbreathing SHOCK WHATTODO TREATMENTLaypatientflatonhisbackCheckairways breathingandcirculationElevatethelegs SHOCK Coverthepatientwithablanket don toverheat Givenothingbymouth absorptionoffoodwillnottakeplace thepatientmaygotothetheatre ReassurethepatientSendthepatienttothehospital UNCONSCIOUSNESS Thisiswhenthebrainhasbeenthrownoutofitsnormalworkingorder UNCONSCIOUSNESS LEVELSORSTAGESConfusion youmayaskthepatientaquestionbuthemaygiveanegativeanswer UNCONSCIOUSNESS Stupor patientcannotrespondbutmayrespondtopainfulstimulations Coma noresponseinanyway Anypersoninacomawhengettingbacktoconsciousnesswillgothroughstuporthenconfusionandbacktonormal CAUSES HeadinjuryConcussionCompressionElectricshockEpilepsyConvulsionsHeatstroke CAUSES ShockExtremeColdSyncopeAlcoholabusePoisonDisease diabetes meningitis cerebralmalaria kidneyfailureHysteriaAsphyxia TREATMENT LaythepatientflatonhisbackChecktheairways breathingandcirculationPutthepatientinasemiproneposition recovery comaposition TREATMENT Foreasyvomiting incase ForeasybreathingForquickrecoverySendthepatienttohospitalonastretcherinasemiproneposition ASPHYXIA Thisiswhenthereisinterferenceintheexchangeofgases oxygenandcarbondioxide inthelungs CAUSESG E M P ASPHYXIA Gasese g nitrousfumes carbonmonoxide sulphuratedhydrogen methaneetc ElectricShock ASPHYXIA Mechanicalobstructione g hanging drowning choking falseteeth bloodortorque smotheringPoison Nervous e g drugs snakebitesetc SIGNSANDSYMTOMS GaspingforairRestlessnessConvulsionswillfollowUnconsciousness lessoxygeninthebrain Thenbreathingwillstop WHATTODO RemovethepatientfromthecauseorthecausefromthepatientLaythepatientflatonhisbackChecktheairways breathingandcirculationStartartificialrespirationMouthtomouth WHATTODO NosetomouthHiprollbackpressureUseinstrumentsAmbulancebagBrookairwaysPutthepatientinasemipronepositionandsendhimtohospital GASES Airmaybecomedangerousduetocontaminationwithgasesbroughtaboutby BlastingUndergroundfiresBurningofexplosivesStagnantwaterLackofoxygeninillventilatedarea GASES NITROUSFUMES Liberatedwhenblastingtakesplaceorwhenburningexplosives SIGNS irritatingandwateringofthenoseandeyes coughandpainsinthechest LATESIGNS Breathlessnessandspittingofblood GASES CARBONMONOXIDE Producedinundergroundfiresandwhenfiringofaircompressors SIGNS Nosmell tasteorcolour butverydeadly Itcausesheadachesandgiddinessandthelegsgiveaway Victimbecomesunconscious breathingbeginstofail ifnottreated hewilldie GASES SULPHRETTEDHYDROGEN Th