2011英语四级预测题及答案详解(7).doc

Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: The Importance of keeping A Good Mood. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:1. 人们每天都生活在压力之下2. 所以说保持一个好的心情是十分重要的3. 我的观点和原因Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Gulf Wracked By Katrinas Latest Legacy-Disease, Poisons, MoldA month after Hurricane Katrina tore through the U.S. Gulf Coast, medical experts are now struggling with the latest crisis in the region; contamination(污染).Katrina left New Orleans and other communities tainted with oil, sewage, and possibly poisons leached from federal toxic waste sites, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) says.The pollution, combined with the lack of regular medical services in the region, has raised serious questions about the safety of New Orleans and other coastal towns as people longing for home begin to go back.I dont think New Orleans is safe for people to return to, from a public health and environmental health standpoint, said Miriam Aschkenasy, an environmental health expert working with Oxfam America in the region.Much of the contamination rests in the brown, filmy sediment(沉淀物) left behind by Katrinas polluted floodwaters.Recent EPA tests of the sediment confirmed high levels of E. coli bacteria, oil and gas chemicals, and lead, as well as varying quantities of arsenic.The health risks posed by the sediment are immediate, experts say, because the sludge(淤泥) is nearly impossible for returning residents to avoid. In New Orleans, it covers every surface that was flooded, from cars and now-dead lawns to the entire contents of flooded homes, stores, hospitals, and schools.When people come back, they are exposed to the sediment, said Wilma Subra, a chemist from New Iberia, Louisiana, who is analyzing the sediment. Its in their yards and houses.Old Pollution ResurfacingPlaquemines Parish, a rural county on the peninsula south of New Orleans, is now covered with even more toxic sediment than it was two weeks ago, thanks to Hurricane Rita.Six inches up to one foot (15 to 30 centimeters) of sludge, Subra reported.Much of the sludge in Plaquemines is the product of nearby bayous and bay bottoms, where sediment was lifted up by Katrinas and Ritas storm surges.The sediment has been polluted over the years with industrial chemicals and heavy metals, said Subra, who tested the sediment for the Southern Mutual Help Association, a nonprofit organization in New Iberia, Louisiana.These water bodies have received industrial wastes for decades, she said. This material has toxic chemicals, metals, and organic petrochemicals(石化产品).Matters have only been made worse by multiple oil spills caused by Katrina and Rita. According to the U.S. Coast Guard, 11 oil spills have occurred in southern Louisiana, totaling 7.4 million gallons (28 million liters) of oil, most of which has been contained.Bacteria levels are also especially high in the Plaquemines sludge, said Rodney Mallett, spokesperson for the Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality.The sewage treatment plants were underwater, he explained. Between the animal waste and the human waste, youve got a lot of bacteria.Protection KitsHealth and environmental agencies are advising people to avoid contact with the sludge. They recommend that people wear gloves, goggles, and dust masks, and that they wash promptly if exposure occurs.EPA officials are directing people to its Web site () to inform themselves of the contamination risks.But most people returning to the area dont have computers to get that information, said Erik Olson, an attorney for the Natural Resources Defense Council, an environmental advocacy group.If you do read the Web site, he added, you practically have to have a degree in chemistry to understand it.To better inform people of health risks, the Southern Mutual Help Association and Oxfam America are developing a program to give every returning resident a protective kit.Each kit would contain waterproof suits, goggles(风镜), shoe covers, and masks, along with information about potential hazards, Volunteers would give out the kits at the security checkpoints that now stand at the major entrances to affected cities.The groups have made a hundred demonstration kits, which cost about $100 (U.S.) each to produce, and have shown them to state leaders in Louisiana.The governor is really in favor of this, Subra said. We just have to determine how were going to fund them.Toxic Mold BloomsIn addition to the toxic sediment, sprawling blooms of mold have now taken hold in many flooded homes. The mold is growing everywhere-homes are just coated with it, Subra said.The problem has become so widespread that federal health officials warned Wednesday of allergic reactions and toxic responses to the mold. Professionals should be hired to clean mold that covers more than ten square feet (one square meter), they urged.Those surfaces that cant be cleaned need to be removed, said Steven Redd, chief of the Air Pollution and Respiratory Health Branch of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).The effects of the mold are already surfacing in Mississippi, where respiratory(呼吸的) problems are among the illnesses doctors there are reporting.Were seeing a lot of asthma from inhaling the mold, said Richard Paat, team leader of a temporary East Biloxi clinic. And mouth sores from the bad water.Due to contact with unclean water, 33 people in the flood zone have contracted Vibrio infections, according to the CDC. The infections are caused by a family of bacteria that live in contaminated salt water. They can cause serious illness, especially in people with compromised immune systems.To date, six people have died from Vibrio infections.People had open wound and walked through floodwater with sewage in it, CDC spokesperson Von Roebuck said. And these folks were having these wounds infected with Vibrio.Disaster Response CareThis is a highly contaminated area, said Susan Briggs, the physician overseeing FEMAs disaster-response medical teams in Louisiana and Alabama.Her teams have been inoculating residents for tetanus and Hepatitis A and B. Hepatitis is a danger when people are exposed to sewage, through water or food, Briggs explained. Tetanus can occur when people cut themselves on unclean materials, as may happen when cleaning debris.The rudimentary(根本的) living conditions in many Katrina-struck areas make it more likely that people will get sick and injured, Briggs said.They have no electricity, no clean water, no air conditioning, she said. There are collapsed structures and stray animals. There are huge amounts of stray dogs, and people have been bitten.Briggs and other doctors in the area have been treating many cases of diarrhea, rashes, and upper-respiratory illnesses.All of these conditions are to be expected after natural disasters, according to the CDC. But its too soon to know if these ailments are related to contamination, the CDCs Roebuck said.Were looking at that question, he said. Wed like to know the answer.1. The passage gives a description of the contamination in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina.2. Katrina left New Orleans and other communities tainted with oil and sewage.3. Plaquemines Parish is now covered with even more toxic sediment that it was two weeks ago.4. People are being advised to avoid contact with the sludge by health and environmental agencies.5. The Southern Mutual Help Association and Oxfam America are developing a program to sell every returning resident a protective kit.6. The conditions in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina is special.7. In addition to the toxic sediment, sprawling blooms of mold have now taken hold in many flooded homes, and it is growing everywhere.8. To date, six people have died from_.9. The rudimentary living conditions in many Katrina-struck areas make it more likely that people will get_.10. All of these conditions are to be expected after_.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)（略）Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Have you ever been afraid to talk back when you were treated _47 _? Have you ever bought something just because the salesman talked you into it? Are you afraid to ask someone for a date.Many people are afraid to assert(表现)themselves. Dr. Alberti thinks its because their self-respect is low. Our whole _48 _ is designed to make people distrust themselves, says Alberti. Theres always _49 _ around-a parent, a teacher, a boss-who knows better. These superiors often gain when they chip(削弱) away at your self-image.But Alberti and other scientists are doing something to help people _50 _ themselves. They _51 _ assertiveness training courses-At for short. In the AT courses people learn that they have a right to be themselves. They learn to speak out and feel good about doing so. They learn to be more _52 _ without hurting other people.In one way. learning to speak out is to _53 _ fear. A group taking a course will help the timid person to lose his fear. But AT uses an even stronger _54 _-the need to share. The timid person speaks out in the group because he wants to tell how he feels.Whether or not you speak up for yourself depends on your self-image. If someone you face is more important than you, you may feel less of a person. You start to _55 _ your own good sense.You go by the other persons _56_ . But, why should you? AT says you can get to feel good about yourself. And once you do, you can learn to speak out.A doubt I peaceB active J demandC system K askD offer L superiorE unfairly M overcomeF unfortunately N confidenceG motive O roarH imageSection BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestion 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Among all the animals, the ape is most like human beings. Both people and apes have the similar brain structure, the similar nerve system, and the similar kind of blood.There are four kinds of apes: the chimpanzee(黑猩猩), the orangutan(猩猩), the gorilla(大猩猩), and the gibbon(长臂猿). They live in the deep forests and warm tropical regions of Africa and of Southeast Asia, including Indonesia.All apes are covered with brown, reddish-brown, or black hair everywhere on their bodies except their faces, feet, and hands. Their hands each have four fingers and a thumb that helps them grip things the way our thumbs help us. But they also have a thumb on each foot instead of a big toe. Thus they can hold things with their feet also. Having short, weak legs, apes do not walk on the ground very much. However, their arms are very strong. This enables them to swing from branches and travel very quickly from tree to tree.These animals live in small family groups that move from place to place in search of vegetables and fruits. They also eat eggs, small animals, nuts, and insects. When they are tired, they build nests in the trees. But they rarely sleep there for more than a night or two. Then they move on to look for more food.There are some differences among the following three kids of apes. The gibbon is never more than three feet high and weight only about fourteen pounds. The gorilla grows to be six feet tall and weight up to 600 pounds. The orangutan is smaller than the gorilla. It stands three to five feet tall and weight up to 200 pounds.Chimpanzees are the smartest of all apes. They can be taught to sit at a table and eat, to dress themselves, and to do things that human children can do.57. What does the first paragraph tell us?A The ape looks like human beings most.B People and the ape think alike.C People and the ape behave alike.D The ape is the most intellectual animal in the world.58. Which of the following sentences is TRUE?A All apes are brown or black.B All parts of apes bodies are covered with hair.C Apes have weak legs but very strong arms.D Apes arms are strong enough to swim.59. Apes build nests in the trees but seldom sleep there for more than a night or two because _.A They like to live in small family groupsB They like to move from place to place in search of more foodC They like to eat eggs, small animals, nuts and insectsD it rains too often in the deep forests60. Among the three kinds of apes, _.A the gorilla is the biggestB the gibbon is only three feet high but it is heavier than the orangutanC the orangutan is smaller than the gorilla and cleverer than the gibbonD the orangutan can stand up to a great height, but others cannot61. The last paragraph tells us that _.A chimpanzees can do better than human childrenB chimpanzees can do many things that human children cannot doC human children can do many things that chimpanzees cannot doD the intelligence of chimpanzees is similar to that of human childrenPassage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Videodisc holds great promise of helping to meet the needs of American schoolchildren who have problems seeing, hearing, speaking, or socializing. Almost eleven percent of the students aged 321 in this country have an impairment that affects their ability to benefit from a regular education program. Handicapped students require special education because they are often markedly different from most children in one or more of the following ways: mentally retarded(发展迟缓的) learning-disabled, emotionally disturbed, deaf, visually handicapped, physically handicapped, or other health impairments. The education of these handicapped children is rewarding but challenging.A special education student usually needs a longer period of time to acquire information. Repetitive teaching techniques are often beneficial, and indefatigable(孜孜不倦的) consistency on the part of the teacher is frequently necessary. Interactive videodisc courseware has characteristics that can be capitalized upon to meet the challenges that special education poses. A videodisc program is infinitely patient. Repetition of any videodisc lesson can continue endlessly, and designers can assure absolute consistency within a program. Most important, according to special educator William Healey of the University of Arizona, is that videodisc adds an extra dimension of realism for children who need graphic representations.Healey explained that deaf and mentally retarded children especially have difficulty grasping figurative(比喻的)language and higher-order language concepts. He believes that for special education, the power of videodisc lies in the ability of the technology to visually represent language concepts normally taken for granted by non-handicapped persons. Complex figurative language forms such as idioms and metaphors come most readily to mind as being difficult for handicapped learners.62. The special education mentioned in the text is mainly concerned with _.A genius students from day-care centers to collegesB students who are fond of computer video gamesC teachers of language in the University of ArizonaD students who are either mentally or physically disabled63. A videodisc courseware is beneficial to those who have study difficulties because _.A its fancy design is very attractiveB it allows the user to go back to where he wants to restudyC the content of it is healthy and promisingD it is developed by university professors64. According to Professor Healey, we may infer that mentally retarded children perhaps _.A need graphic representations in order to understand higher-order language conceptsB are good at studying English idioms but often fail to grasp higher-order language conceptsC are not very patient with videodisc which helps them to understand the world conceptsD tend to be deaf as well and have difficulty learning the simple concept before and after65. The best phrase that summarizes the main idea of the text is _.A handicapped students and their