熬夜的危害 中英文演讲稿.doc

_In 1965,17-year-old high school student, Randy garner, stayed awake for 264 hours, thats 11 days to see how hed cope without sleep.在1965年，17岁的高中生兰迪格纳(Randy Garner)保持了264小时的清醒状态，累计11天，来看看他是如何怎么保持清醒的。 On the second day, his eyes stopped focusing. Next ,he lost the ability to identify objects by touch. by day three, Garner was moody and uncoordinated.At the end of the experiment, he was struggling to concentrate, has trouble with short-term memory, became paranoid, and started hallucinating.第二天，他的眼睛已经无法聚焦了（看清东西）。然后，他失去了依靠触摸来识别物体的能力。到了第三天，格纳变得喜怒无常，动作无法协调。在实验结束时，他很难集中精力，短期记忆也出现了问题，变得易怒，并开始产生幻觉。 Although Garner recovered without long-term psychological or physical damage. for others, losing shut eye can result in hormonal imbalance, illness, and, in extreme cases, death. Were only beginning to understand why we sleep to begin with but we do know is essential. 尽管格纳痊愈了，没有留下长期的生理或和心理后遗症。但对另一些人来说，失去睡眠会导致荷尔蒙失衡、生病，甚至在极端情况下会导致死亡。我们才刚刚开始明白为什么我们要睡觉，但我们不知道睡眠是至关重要的。 Adults need seven to eight hours of sleep at night, and adolescents need about ten. we grow sleepy due to signals from our body telling our brain we are tired, and signals from the environment telling us its dark outside.成年人每晚需要7到8个小时的睡眠，而青少年大概需要10小时。我们变困是因为我们的身体发出了暗示，告诉我们的大脑“我们累了”，环境中的信号告诉我们外面天黑了。 The rise in sleep-inducing chemicals, like adenosine and melatonin, send us into a light doze that grows deeper, making our breathing and heart rate slow down, and our muscles relax. This non-REM sleep is when DNA is repaired and our bodies replenish themselves for the day ahead.像腺苷和褪黑素这样的诱发睡眠的化学物质的增加，会使我们进入更深的睡眠状态，使我们的呼吸和心率减慢，我们的肌肉也会放松。DNA在这段非快速眼动睡眠期被修复，我们的身体也补充能量，以准备迎接新的一天。 In the United States, its estimated that thirty percent of adults and sixty and six percent of adolescents are regularly sleep-deprived. this isnt just a minor inconvenience.Staying awake can cause serious bodily harm. when we lose sleep, learning, memory, mood,and reaction time are affected.在美国，大概有30%的成年人和66%的青少年经常睡眠不足。这不仅仅是一个小小的不便，长期保持清醒会导致身体受到严重的伤害。当我们睡眠不足时，学习、记忆、情绪和反应能力都会受到影响。 Sleeplessness may also cause inflammation, halluciations, high blood pressure,and its even been linked to diabetes and obesity. in 2014, at devoted soccer fan died after staying awake for forty eight hours to watch the world cup. while his untimely death was due to a stroke.studies show that chronically sleeping fewer than six hours at night increases stroke risk by four and a half times compared to those getting a consistent seven to eight hours of shut eye.失眠也可能引起炎症、幻觉、高血压，甚至糖尿病和肥胖也跟它有关。2014年，一个铁杆球迷因为连续48小时观看世界杯而死亡。虽然他是因为中风而“英年早逝”。研究表明，长期每天睡眠不足六小时，相对那些每晚保持7到8小时睡眠的人来说，中风的风险要高出4.5倍。 For a handful of people on the planet who carry a rare inherited genetic mutation, sleeplessness is a daily reality. this condition, known as fatal familial insomnia, places the body in a nightmarish state of wakefulness,forbidding it from entering the sanctuary of sleep.Within months or years, this progressively worsening condition leads to dementia and death.对于世上少数带有罕见基因突变的人来说，失眠是家常便饭。这种症状被称为致命性家族失眠症，使身体处于噩梦般的清醒状态，防止患者进入睡眠这个庇护所。在几个月或几年内，这种情况逐渐恶化导致痴呆或死亡。 How can sleep deprivation cause such immense suffering? scientists think the answer lies with the accumulation of waste products in the brain.失眠是怎么造成如此巨大的痛苦？科学家认为答案是：代谢物在大脑中的累积。 During our waking hours, our cells are busy up using our days energy sources, which get broken down into various byproducts, including adenosine. as adenosine builds up,it increases the urge to sleep,also known as sleep pressure. in fact, caffeine works by blocking adenosines receptor pathways. other waste products also build up in the brain, and if theyre not cleared away, they collectively overload the brain and are thought to lead to the many negative symptoms of sleep deprivation.在我们醒着的时候，我们的细胞正忙着消耗我们一天的能量，这些能量被分解成各种副产品，包括腺苷。随着腺苷的积累，它会增加困倦感。事实上，咖啡因就是通过阻断腺苷的受体通路而起作用的。其他的代谢物也会在大脑中堆积，如果它们没有被清理出去，它们就会集聚在一起，导致大脑和思想超负荷运作，并导致各种失眠症状。 So, whats happening in our brain when we sleep to prevent this? Scientists found something called the lymphatic system, a clean-up mechanism that removes this buildup and is much more active when were asleep. it works by using cerebrospinal fluid to flush away toxic by products that accumulate between cells. Lymphatic vessels, which serve as pathways for immune cells, have recently been discovered in the brain, and they may also play a role in clearing out the brains daily waste products.那么，在我们睡觉的时候，大脑是如何防止这些发生了的呢？科学家们发现了一种叫做淋巴系统的东西，这是一种清除这种积聚物的清扫系统。当我们睡觉的时候，这个系统更加活跃，它利用脑脊液来冲洗细胞间积聚的有毒物质。淋巴管是为免疫细胞提供路径的血管，最近被发现存在于大脑中，淋巴管也可能在清除日常代谢物中起着非常重要的作用。 While scientists continue exploring