喝奶粉上火属民间臆断.doc

6喝奶粉上火属民间臆断我们提倡母乳喂养，但倡导母乳喂养并不需要依靠打压配方奶来实现，正确使用配方奶也是对母乳不足很好的补充，母乳、配方奶粉、牛奶等，都是宝宝 在不同阶段的营养来源之一。可奶粉喂养也是有讲究的，生活中也流传着不少相关的喂养误区，让专家来帮助我们厘清误区，传递正确的喂养知识。误区 1断奶等于不喝奶 断奶后仍要保证乳制品摄入量中国很多地方没有喝奶制品的习惯，也就认为孩子如果已断奶了，就不用再喝奶了，其实这是一个误解。断奶意味着孩子已经不用依赖母乳，能够从其他食品中获得营养了。北京和睦家医院儿科主任崔玉涛说，断母乳的时间不是依据季节而言，而是应依据 “断奶”的必要性以及如何断奶，断奶后换成何种食物来喂养。科学松鼠会成员兼法国雷恩农学院乳品专业博士朱鹏说，一岁以后，不管是通过什么方式，只要能保 证饮食均衡，保证一定的乳制品摄入量即可。具体是通过母乳、配方奶、牛奶、酸奶、奶酪等都可以。宝宝在1-3岁之间，咀嚼和消化能力还是比不上成年人，特 别需要一些营养价值高、消化吸收容易的食品，而奶制品就是这样的东西。如果一点儿不碰奶制品，宝宝很难得到足够多的钙，维生素B2和维生素A、维生素D也 有缺乏的风险。所以，幼儿营养专家建议每天“早一杯、晚一杯”地喝牛奶。这里说的“喝牛奶”，包括了奶粉、酸奶、奶酪等各种营养价值很高的奶制品，不包括乳饮料(也就是所谓的酸乳饮品、乳酸菌饮料、果奶等等各种有甜 味的含奶饮料)。酸奶的营养价值不低于牛奶，其中的钙更容易吸收，还能帮助宝宝提高免疫力，促进消化吸收，减少患痢疾肠炎的危险。误区 2喝奶粉容易上火便秘 “不易消化”是强加给奶粉的缺陷科学松鼠会成员、科普作家云无心说，现代医学中没有“上火”概念，中医专业的典籍中也没有这个用语。“上火基本是一个民间概念。”云无心说，有 人分析过那些“上火症状”，发现产生原因相差迥异，比如有的是食物过敏，有的是维生素缺乏等等。吃配方奶粉的婴儿不会缺乏任何一种营养成分，自然也不缺乏 维生素。反倒是补充了其他“营养品”之后，因为相应配方奶的食用量降低（婴儿能够吃的食物总量是有限的），反而有可能出现某些营养成分缺乏的可能。而食物 过敏则有一定比例的婴儿出现，比如有一部分人对牛奶蛋白过敏，所以基于牛奶的配方奶粉就可能让这些婴儿出现比较严重的症状。这种过敏不是传说中的那些“清 热下火”的植物能够解决的，通常的解决方案有两种：一是使用深度水解的配方奶，其中的牛奶蛋白被深度水解，过敏的可能性大大降低；二是使用基于大豆蛋白的 配方奶，避免牛奶蛋白的摄入。再说“不易消化”。云无心说，这是一个强加给婴儿奶粉的“缺陷”。婴儿奶粉的任何一种成分，都不存在不易消化的问题。酪蛋白不如乳清蛋白容易消 化，只是消化速度慢的问题，而不是它的吸收。中国的婴儿奶粉，对于乳清蛋白的比例要求甚至比国外更高。“实际上，目前做过的配方奶粉喂养和母乳喂养的对比 研究，比较明确的一个差别是：配方奶粉喂养的孩子体重增加更快。通常认为，这是因为婴儿吸食奶瓶比母亲的乳头要更轻松，所以更容易吃多。不管真正的原因是 不是如此，这至少说明，吃奶粉的婴儿，并不容易出现消化问题。”误区 3奶粉伴侣对孩子有益 “伴侣”对婴儿的风险大于益处云无心说，很多家长给孩子“奶粉伴侣”的原因是“针对婴儿奶粉容易上火、不易消化的现象”。这些“现象”完全是为了推销产品而“制造出来的问题”。配方奶粉喂养的婴儿，根本用不着什么“伴侣”来解决这些想象出来的问题。云无心说，奶粉伴侣这类产品的成分的确都是“营养成分”，对于成人来说“即使无用，至少无害”。不过这些东西是针对婴幼儿的，而衡量一种成分是 否适合婴儿的标准跟成人不同：只有必要的才是合适的，如果没有充分的证据证实“有必要”，那么就不应该给即使是母乳中有的成分，也需要进行量的限制。 除此之外，母乳不缺乏任何其他的营养成分。世界卫生组织建议，婴儿六个月之内纯母乳喂养，连水都不应该喂。云无心说，婴儿配方奶粉是对母乳的模拟。而这种“奶粉伴侣”的引入，就使得奶粉不再是婴儿唯一的营养来源。它的加入，就破坏了配方中对于“含量”的控制，从而加大了配方奶粉与母乳的差别。因此，奶粉伴侣是非常坑爹的。 热点问答过早添加带味液体易致厌奶Q什么是厌奶期？宝宝如果厌奶的话要如何喂养，是否需要更换不同品牌的奶粉？崔玉涛：很多家长认为孩子的厌奶现象是身体疾病问题。实际上，绝大多数是心理问题。孩子拒奶多是由于所添加的辅食，味道相对好，宝宝因此拒绝吃 味道相对平淡的母乳，遇到好味道的食物辅食、钙剂等，会使婴儿对平淡味道的奶的兴趣降低或根本没兴趣。建议家长们在给孩子添加辅食的时候，一定不要把 辅食的味道弄得“特别好”，以免出现厌奶的现象。所以，过早添加果汁、菜水、钙等带味液体，会致婴儿出现厌奶。喝白水的习惯可有助于清洁口腔，预防今后龋 齿发生，还不容易出现厌奶等现象。不论是母乳还是配方粉喂养，都没必要给婴儿补钙等。对纯母乳喂养儿应每天接受200-400国际单位的维生素D。若出现厌奶可暂停辅食，包括钙剂等，使孩子只能进食奶，迫使其对奶重新产生兴趣，然后再逐渐添回辅食。另外，很多家长给孩子喂养是按绝对喂养量进行的。实际上孩子每次接受量会有一定差别。每次喂养应连续，待孩子不吃了就停止，不要分次将固定喂养 量喂完。这样易造成婴儿对进食的厌恶，形成厌奶。再有，不要与其他孩子进行喂养量的横向比较。每个婴儿的进食量不同，生长是评判的最终标准。看到宝宝不爱喝奶，家长可以更换别的奶粉，但更换速度不要太频繁，宝宝会没有时间适应。如果要换新牌子，也不要一下子全部换，最好和别的牌子的 奶粉混合搭配，并观察一周排便状况，若排便正常，表示适应良好，此时才可以更换全新的奶粉。进入厌奶期后，更换奶粉牌子的效果有限，如果试换了一两次仍没 有起色，就可以放弃使用这个方法了。“奶皮”中主要是“奶脂”Q冲调奶粉时往往上面会浮一层奶皮，奶皮是否比下面的液体更有营养？朱鹏：上面结成的奶皮主要是上浮的脂肪，以及少量包裹脂肪的蛋白质。如果不喜欢吃奶皮，那就尽快把奶喝掉，别放置太久。要说这层奶皮有没有营 养，那要看你说的营养是什么了。如果奶脂算的话，那层皮肯定比下面90%都是水的奶要“有营养”。如果是为了获取钙质，绝大多数的钙都在下面的“汤”里。Q奶粉越浓稠不容易冲调质量越好？崔玉涛：冲调配方奶，应先放水，再根据说明书说明的比例放配方粉。多是30毫升水加一平勺粉；一定水中添加的奶粉应是一自然平勺。压缩或冒尖的 一勺奶粉和先加粉后加水都造成配方粉稠度增加，不利婴儿消化和吸收。放入粉偏多，造成过稠的配方奶，易出现便秘等问题。如果孩子在奶粉喂养过程中出现了便 秘，首先应考虑到是否与额外补钙有关。再有，是否与奶粉冲调过稠有关。We advocate breastfeeding, but advocate breastfeeding does not need to rely on suppression of formula, the correct use of formula is less than a good supplement to mothers milk, milk, formula milk powder, milk and so on, are the baby in the different stages of a source of nutrition. Can milk powder also has exquisite, life also with a number of related feeding error, let experts to help us to clarify the misunderstanding, correct feeding knowledge.Mistake 1Weaning is equal to not drink milk after weaning is still to keep the dairy intakeMany places in China do not have the habit of drinking milk products, also think children if the weaning, dont have to drink milk, this is actually a misunderstanding.Weaning mean kids are not dependent on breast milk, can derive nutrition from other foods. Beijing united family hospital director of pediatric Cui Yutao said, off the time of breast milk is not according to the season, but should be based on the necessity of weaned and how to weaning, follow-up with what kind of food to feed. Science squirrels member and French wren agronomy dairy professional Dr Zhu Pengshui, after one year old, either through what way, as long as to keep a balanced diet, guarantee the dairy intake. Concrete is through breast milk, formula milk, milk, yogurt, cheese, etc. Babies between the ages of 1-3, chew and digest ability than adults, or dont need some high nutritional value, easy digestion and absorption of food, and dairy products is such a thing. If you dont touch the milk, the baby is very difficult to get enough calcium, vitamin B2 and vitamin A, vitamin D has A lack of risk. So, childrens nutrition experts advise early a and late a cup of every day to drink milk.Here said the milk, including milk powder, yogurt, cheese and a high nutritional value of dairy products do not include milk beverage (known as acid milk drinks, lactic acid bacteria beverage, fruit milk, and so on all sorts of a sweet smell containing milk beverage). The nutritional value of yogurt is not lower than milk, the calcium more easily absorbed, can also help the baby to enhance immunity, promote digestion and absorption, to reduce the risk of diarrhoea enteritis.Erroneous zone 2Drink milk powder not easy to be digested easily lose constipation is imposed on the defects of milk powderScientific squirrel members, science writer cloud inadvertently said, no irritated concept in modern medicine, Chinese medicine specialized texts without this language. Basic idea is a folk lose. Cloud said unintentionally, have analyzed those symptoms irritated, found that causes vary widely, have a plenty of food allergies, for example, have a plenty of vitamin deficiency and so on. Eat baby formula will not lack of any a kind of nutrient, natural and not a lack of vitamin. After it is added to other nutrition, because the corresponding formula milk consumption reduce (the amount of the baby can eat food is limited), is it likely to be some lack of nutrients. And a percentage of baby food allergy has appeared, such as some people allergic to milk protein, so based on milk formula can let the baby more severe symptoms. This allergy is not a legend of the fire clear heat plants can be solved, usually there are two solutions: one is to use the formula of depth of hydrolysis, the depth of the milk protein was hydrolyzed, the possibility of allergies is greatly reduced; Second is to use a formula based on soy protein, avoid the intake of milk protein.Say not easy to digest. Cloud inadvertently said, this is a defect imposed on infant milk powder. Any kind of composition of infant milk powder, there is no problem difficult to digest. Casein as whey protein is easy to disappear, only to slow digestion problems, rather than its absorption. The proportion of Chinas infant milk powder for whey protein requirement and even higher than abroad. In fact, now done formula feeding and comparative study of breastfeeding, compare a difference is clear: formula feeding children gain weight faster. Usually think, this is because the baby milk bottle is easier than the mothers nipple, so it is easier to eat. Whatever the real reason is not, at least it shows that eat baby milk powder, not prone to digestive problems.Myth 3Milk powder partner is good for children partners to a babys risk more harm than goodCloud unintentionally, said many parents give their children milk powder partner is the cause of for baby milk powder easily lose, not easy to digest the phenomenon of. The phenomenon is to sell the product and the created issue. Formula feeding the baby, dont need any partner to solve the problem of the imagination.Cloud said unintentionally, milk powder partner element of this kind of product is indeed nutrition, for adults if useless, at least do no harm. But these things are for infants and young children, and the standards of a component is not suitable for baby unlike adults, only the necessary is appropriate, if there is no sufficient evidence to confirm the necessary, then you should not give - even some ingredients in breast milk, also require the amount limit. In addition, breast milk is not the lack of any other nutrients. The world health organization recommends that babies exclusive breastfeeding for six months, even the water should not be fed.Cloud said unintentionally, infant formula is the simulation of breast milk. The introduction of the milk powder partner, makes the milk powder is no longer the only source of nutrition for infants. , it destroys the formula for the content of control, thus increased the difference of formula milk powder and milk. Therefore, milk powder partner is very pit dad.S hot question and answerEarly to add flavour liquid send milk too easilyQ: what is disgusted with milk? Baby if anaerobic milk to feed, whether to need to change different brands of milk powder?Cui Yutao: many parents believe that childrens milk phenomenon of physical diseases. In fact, the vast majority is psychological problems. Children from milk is due to the added more assist food, taste is relatively good, the baby refused to eat the taste relatively flat breast milk, meet good taste food - assist food, calcium, etc., will make babys interest in insipid flavor of milk is reduced or no interest. Recommend parents when add assist food to children, must not make the flavor of the side dish very good, lest appear the phenomenon of milk too. So early to add fruit juice, food with flavour liquid such as water, calcium, will appear to the baby milk. The habit of drinking water can help to clean mouth, prevent caries tooth happen in the future, is not easy to appear the phenomenon such as anaerobic milk. Whether breast milk or formula fed, dont need to give baby calcium supplements, etc. For exclusive breastfeeding son should accept every day 200-400 international units of vitamin D.If appear disgusted milk can suspend side dish, including calcium supplements, etc., make the child can only eat milk, forcing its interested in milk again, and then gradually add back side dish.In addition, many parents give their children feed was conducted according to the absolute WeiYangLiang. In fact children accept quantity will have certain difference at a time. Each feeding should be continuous, stay children dont eat stop, dont divide second fixed feeding amount will finish feeding. Such easy to cause the baby to eat disgust, form milk. Again, dont WeiYangLiang transverse comparison with other children. Each baby food intake, growth is the ultimate standard of judgment.See the baby doesnt like to drink milk, parents can replace other powdered milk, but not too often change speed, the baby will have no time to adapt. If want to change a new brand, also dont change, all the best and other brands of milk powder mix and match, and observe a week defecation condition, if the normal defecation, said fine, can replace the new milk powder at this time. Milk into the anaerobic phase, to replace milk powder brand effect is limited, if the test in one or two still did not improve, can give up using this method.Creme mainly in the milkQ when mixing powder often top layer will