第七章 世界农产品贸易地理.ppt

国际贸易地理 作者 李荣庆 责任编辑 张琛出版日期 2009年9月IDPN 308 2009 158课件章数 17 Unit7 Unit7WorldAgricultureanditsTradeGeography 世界农产品贸易地理 InthisUnit youwilllearn Lead in中文导读 2 Developingcountriesfacenewbarrierstotrade发展中国家面临新的贸易壁垒 4 Agriculturaltrade农产品贸易 3 Agriculture sharpincreaseinthepriceofcereals农业 谷物价格急剧上涨 BackgroundIntroduction Agricultureisthelargestindustryintheworldandisoneofthebiggestthreatstotheenvironment Inefficientfoodproductionandharmfulagriculturesubsidies 补贴 arecausingdeforestation 森林消失 watershortagesandpollution BackgroundIntroduction Todaytherearesome800millionpeople 18 ofthepopulationinthedevelopingworld whodonothaveaccesstosufficientfoodtomeettheirneeds Pinstrup AndersonandPandya Lorch2000 Pinstrup Andersonetal 1999 primarilybecauseofpovertyandunemployment BackgroundIntroduction Malnutrition 营养不良 playsasignificantroleinhalfofthenearly12milliondeathseachyearofchildrenunderfiveindevelopingcountries UNICEF1998 Inadditiontolackoffood deficienciesinmicro nutrients especiallyvitaminA iodineandiron arewidespread BackgroundIntroduction Furthermore changesinthepatternsofglobalclimateandalterationsinuseoflandwillexacerbate 使恶化 theproblemsofregionalproductionanddemandsforfood Dramaticadvancesarerequiredinfoodproduction distributionandaccessifwearegoingtoaddresstheseneeds BackgroundIntroduction Overall agriculturalproductivityfortheentireworldisprojectedtodeclinefromlevelsotherwisereachedbybetween3and16percentby2080sasaconsequenceofglobalwarming Thedamageswouldcontinuetodeepeninthefollowingcenturyinthefaceofstillgreaterwarming Pre readingquestions WhatisHazardAnalysisandCriticalControlPoint HACCP Pre readingquestions Whatarethenewtradebarriersthatdevelopingcountriesface EuropeanUnion http en wikipedia org wiki European Union Member states TheEuropeanUnioniscomposedof27independentsovereign 主权 countrieswhichareknownasmemberstates Austria Belgium Bulgaria Cyprus theCzechRepublic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta theNetherlands Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden andtheUnitedKingdom DevelopingCountries 发展中国家 Developingcountries 是与发达国家相对的经济上比较落后的国家 又称不发达国家 通常指第三世界国家 包括亚洲 非洲 拉丁美洲及其他地区的130多个国家 占世界陆地面积和总人口的70 以上 主要的发展中国家 中国 印度 巴西 非洲各国 除南非以外 亚洲 除日本与新加坡以外 东欧 拉丁美洲各国 LeastDevelopedCountries LDCs Upto2003 therehavebeen50LDCsintheworld Formoreinformation visitthefollowingwebsite http www un org special rep ohrlls ldc ldc 20criteria htm 2003年 有50个国家被联合国确定为 最不发达国家 用来定出现有这份最不发达国家名单的标准是 a 低收入 以人均国内生产总值衡量 b 人力资源薄弱 以基于出生时预期寿命 人均卡路里摄入量 中小学综合入学率以及成人文化水平等指标的综合指数 物质生活质量强化指数 衡量 c 经济多样化程度低 以基于制造业在国内生产总值中所占份额 劳动力在工业中所占份额 商业能源人均年消耗量以及贸发会议商品出口富集指数的综合指数 经济多样化指数 衡量 最不发达国家名单 到目前为止 全世界共有50个最不发达国家 按联合国批准时间顺序排列如下 非洲 34个 贝宁 布基纳法索 布隆迪 乍得 埃塞俄比亚 几内亚 莱索托 马拉维 马里 尼日尔 卢旺达 索马里 苏丹 乌干达 坦桑尼亚 中非 冈比亚 佛得角 科摩罗 几内亚比绍 吉布堤 赤道几内亚 圣多美和普林西比 塞拉利昂 多哥 毛里塔尼亚 莫桑比克 利比里亚 马达加斯加 扎伊尔 赞比亚 安哥拉 厄立特里亚 塞内加尔亚洲 10个 阿富汗 不丹 老挝 马尔代夫 尼泊尔 也门 孟加拉国 缅甸 柬埔寨 东帝汶大洋洲 5个 西萨摩亚 瓦努阿图 图瓦卢 基里巴斯 所罗门群岛美洲 1个 海地 Vocabulary 1 venture2 multiply3 defacto4 mandatory5 procedure thebasicstructureorfeaturesofasystemororganization2 increaseinnumberorquantity3 Latin existinginactualfact whetherrightlyornot4 requiredbylaw compulsory5 orderorwayofdoingthings Vocabulary 6 traceability7 terrorism8 rejection9 infrastructure10 inadequate 6 waytofollowordiscoversth byfindingandnoticingmarks7 useofviolenceandthreatsofviolence8 refusingtoaccept sb sth 9 projectorundertakingespacommercialonewherethereisariskoffailure10 notsufficientorenough Fillintheblanks Fillintheblanks Discussion Whatdoyouthinkofthechallengesfordevelopingcountries Pre readingquestion Doyouknowthemainreasonswhichhavecausedtheworld widehighpricesofcerealsrecently BackgroundIntroduction Internationaltradeinfoodstuffsisincreasingmuchfasterthanfoodproduction Afurtherthreattothepoorliesintheexpansionindevelopingcountriesofcropsbeinggrownforfuel mostlytopowervehiclesinWesterncountries BackgroundIntroduction Cropsforfuelcouldbegrownonlandwhichatpresentgrowsfoodforpeople Theycouldalsocontributetoadegradedenvironment includingaworseningofglobalwarming Biofuelprogrammescouldresult inaconcentrationofownershipthatcoulddrivetheworld spoorestfarmersofftheirlandandintodeeperpoverty saysaUNreport SeeJohnVidal Globalrushtoenergycropsthreatenstobringfoodshortagesandincreasepoverty saysUN TheGuardian 9May2007 Vocabulary 农产品 以名义价值 粮食价格 由 引起的 收成欠佳 Vocabulary 需求增加 减速 不包括产业内贸易 原料 Discussion Givethecorrectordersfortheworldexportofagriculturalproductsin2006 Pre readingquestions Twochangetrendscanbeidentifiedfromthefollowingpassage Whatarethey Vocabulary tenfold surplus pronounced livestock nominal Comprehension Inthesecondlineofthispassage thephrase totalmerchandisetrade referstotradethatincludesA allagriculturalproductsbutnotindustrialproducts B alsomachinesandofficeequipments C agriculturalproductsandindustrialproductsplusservices D allindustrialproductsbutnotagriculturalproducts Comprehension Inthesecondparagraph thephrase overthisperiod referstoaperiodthatcoversmostlikelyA from1965 1975B from1965 1985C from1960s 1990sD from1960s 2000s Comprehension ThepassageindicatesthatBrazilisaA developingcountryanditexportsmoreagriculturalcommoditiesthanitimportsB developedcountryanditexportsmoreagriculturalcommoditiesthanitimportsC developingcountryanditimportsmoreagriculturalcommoditiesthanitexportsD least developedcountryanditexportsmoreagriculturalcommoditiesthanitimports Comprehension ThedeclineoftheagriculturaltradeincerealfoodstuffsindicatesA thatpeopleinbothdevelopinganddevelopedcountriesconsumelesswheatthanbefore A B thatonlypeopleindevelopedcountriesconsumelesswheatthanbeforeC thatonlypeopleindevelopingcountriesconsumelesswheatthanbeforeD thatonlypeop