非谓语动词的命题设计常见模式与解题策略.doc

非谓语动词的命题设计常见模式与解题策略浙江省台州市实验中学 欧阳成竹（318000）【模式1】 名词 + 不定式（介词）(作定语)【策略】1、把握不定式动词的性质，要不要介词；2、把握不定式的逻辑主语，确定主、被动语态。3、理论指导：当句子的主语为不定式的逻辑主语时用主动形式。I want something to eat. (I eat.)I want a room to live in.(I live in the room.)Tomorrow I will go to Beijing, do you have anything to be taken?【模式2】不定式的省略（to）【策略】1、无论肯定或否定，保留到to；2、如果不定式为被动式或完成式，则保留到be/have. -Would you like to go with me? -Id like to, but I have an important meeting to attend. Tommy liked to play football in the street, but his mother always told him not to. -I didnt tell her the bad news. Oh, you ought to have.【模式3】只带to【策略】1、部分动词的记忆（从不认识的单词开始，动词略）；2、序数词 + 不定式 He pretended not to see me when I said hi to him in the street. Lao Wang is a hard-working man. He is always the first to come and the last to leave.【模式4】带不带to【策略】1、从不带to入手，注意例外； 2、理论指导：使役动词(let, make, have等后省to;get后带to);感官动词(see, watch, notice, listen, hear, feel等后省to);but (to) do/except (to) do（谓语部分含实意动词的do则省to;无则带to。）;why (not) do(wh-词后接不定式的特例)。说明：参考答案为斜体，下同。 Sometimes our teachers _ us to do much homework.(let/make/have/get) Today morning, I had nothing to do but (except)_(to sleep/sleep) all morning. In winter, some animals have no choice but (except) _ (to hibernate/hibernate). Why not join us in the discussion? I often hear him sing this song.(He was often heard to sing this song.)【模式5】表示动作的目的（to）【策略】经过判断如表示动作目的，首先考虑使用不定式。 We climbed to the top of tower _ a better view of the area.(getting/got/having got/to get)-Why was a special meeting was called? - _. (To elect/Electing/Our electing/Elected)_ time and labor, cartoonists generally draw the hands of their characters with only 3 fingers and a thumb.(To save/Saved/Saving/Having saved) 【模式6】只带doing【策略】1、部分动词的记忆（从不认识的单词开始，动词略）；2、句型结构；3、比较使用不定式的结构（同时关注不定式逻辑主语的引入结构）。 It is/was (no) + n. (use/good) + doing.（名词后接doing） It is/was not any + n. (use/good) + doing.（名词后接doing） It is no use arguing with him. It is no use regretting the spoiled milk.It is/was + adj. + to do sth(形容词后接to do)It is/was + adj. + for/of sb. + to do sth.( 不定式逻辑主语的引入结构)【模式7】动名词的复合结构（关注否定式）【策略】1、动名词复合结构的全面掌握（原式和略式句子成分）； 2、理论指导：动名词复合结构由“逻辑主语 + 动名词”构成。当此结构充当主语时，用原式即“名词所有格或形容词物主代词 + 动名词”；作宾语或表语时用略式即“名词普通格或宾格代词 + 动名词”。动名词复合结构的否定式中的not在逻辑主语之后。 _ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.(Tom will attend/Tom to attend/Tom attended/Toms attending) David apologized for _ to inform me of the change in the plan.(his not being able/his being not able/him not to be able/him to be not able) Is there any possibility of the film _ in Paris International Festival?(trying out/tried out/to try out/being tried out)【模式8】后接不定式与动名词之别【策略】1、基本理论；2、特别句型（参见模式6）；3、理论指导：双接，无含义差别；双接，含义差别不大（长短期习惯）；双接，含义不同（记忆特别的动词）；特别的动词有：stop doing sth / stop to do sth （停止做某事 / 停下来去做某事）remember doing sth / remember to do sth （记得做过某事 / 记住要去做某事）mean doing sth / mean to do sth （意味某事 / 打算做某事）forget doing sth / forget to do sth （忘记做过某事 / 忘记去做某事）try doing sth / try to do sth （试着做某事 / 尽力去做某事）need doing sth / need to do sth （某事需要被做 / 需要去做某事）cant help doing sth / cant help to do sth （情不自禁做某事 / 不能帮忙做某事）【模式9】主动表被动【策略】1、基本理论和基本句型。 2、理论指导：英语中有些动词形式上是主动结构，但意义是被动的。如：wash, open, write, sell, let, blame等。 This kind of cloth washes easily. The door opens easily. The pen writes well. The novel sells well. be worth doing中的doing主动表示被动(比较be worthy of 结构)。 These books are worth reading.(只接动名词) These books are worthy of being read/to be read.（既接动名词又接不定式）英语中有些动词，如want, need, require等后接动名词时主动表示被动，但接不定式时却用被动形式。 The bike needs repairing/to be repaired. This plan requires discussing/to be discussed. 形容词后接的不定式作状语时主动表被动。 The articles written by Luxun are hard to read. He is hard to get along with.【模式10】独立分词（结构）/独立主格结构【策略】1、从分析句子结构着手，注意主动（现在分词）和被动（过去分词），2、几点例外（例）。3、理论指导：当句子的主语与独立结构中的动词不形成逻辑上的主谓（主动）或动宾（被动）关系时，根据全句的含义加上自己的逻辑主语，此时形成独立主格结构；部分非谓语动词词组需单独使用，此时形成独立分词（结构）。 _ a fine say, we decided to go out for a picnic. (Having/Being/What/It being) The soldier rushed into the cave, his right hand _ a gun and his face _ with sweat. (held, covered/holding, covering/holding, covered/held, covering) Time _ (permitting/permitted), they will start to do a new job. To tell (you) the truth/believe it or not/lost in thought/suppose Considering/Judging/Generally speaking/supposing【模式11】连词 + 分词（-ed）【策略】1、定语从句和状语从句与分词结构的相互转换，状语从句中的连词可保留； 2、分词多为-ed分词，如动词为不及物动词类则用-ing分词。 When _ why he was late for the concert, the man made no answer. (asking/to ask/ask/asked) The 18-storeyed building, when _, will shut out the sun lighting the rooms. (completing/complete/completed/to complete) It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when _ at the meeting by the boss.(questioned/questioning/having questioned/to be questioned) If _ ill, Ill stay at home _ a good rest.(falling, taking/to fall, taking/fall, to taking/falling, take)【模式12】ed 分词（be + -ed + prep.）【策略】1.基本词组的记忆与略化（省略be后的结构）;2.标志词by/as _ at failing in the exam, John felt unhappy.(Disappointed/To be disappointed/Disappointing/Having disappointed ) _ in a poor family, his parents couldnt afford to pay his schooling. (Born/Being born/Bearing/Having been born)_ by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided not to go home. (Attracting/Attracted/To be attracted/Having attracted)Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, _ as 3M. (knowing/known/being known /to be known)【模式13】-ed. 与 ing.【策略】1、主动与被动；2、人（-ed）与物(-ing)。 We all felt _ (exciting/excited) at the _ news. (exciting/excited) The baby was _ (terrifying/terrified) by the _ (terrifying/terrified) characters in the movie. The _ (puzzling/puzzled) expression on her face suggested that she was _ (puzzling/puzzled) by the problem, as/which was _ (puzzling/puzzled), after all, she was a top student in the class.【模式14】伴随状况（-ed / adj.）【策略】句子结构与省略。 He went to bed _. (drink/drank/drinking/drunk) =He went to bed and he was _. (drink/drank/drinking/drunk) He came home at last, tired and hungry.【模式15】找主句（主语多为人或非谓语动词的动作执行者）【策略】句子结构的特点与分析（给出部分不为句子或是从句即有连词出现）。 To be well fit for the job, _.A. a good knowledge of physics is needed.B. one needs to have a good knowledge of physics.C. it is required to have a good knowledge of physics.D. a good knowledge of physics is important. With nothing left to burn, _(the fire became weak and finally died out.) Tired of the noise, _.(he shut the door/the door had been shut/he had shut the door/the door was shut) _ again and again but he didnt tell me the truth.(He was asked/Having been asked/Having asked him/Though he was asked)【模式16】拆分句型结构或词组【策略】1、什么是拆分，怎样拆分；2、拆分后的句式结构走向（定语从句或过去分词）。 What is the way Smith thought of _ enough money to buy the new house?(getting/having got/being got/to get) Great efforts should be made _ up higher education to meet the needs of industry and agriculture.(speeding/to speed/speed/and speed) Mr Green was disappointed to see the washing machine he had had _ went wrong again. (repaired/to repair/repairing/it to be repaired) Whom do you think the teacher _ the composition?(had written/had write/had to write/had wrote)【模式17】区分及物动词与不及物动词（模式1/10）【策略】1、动词识记的重要性；区分及物和不及物动词；2、系动词居多。 _ good, the food was sold out soon.(Tasting/Tasted/Being tasted/Having been tasted)The picture _ on the wall is painted by my brother. (hanging/having hung/being hung/hangs) The flowers _ sweet in the garden attract the visi