南方水稻黑条性矮缩病的发生及防治技术.doc

/ / / / 南方水稻黑条性矮缩病的发生及防治技术1南方水稻黑条性矮缩病的发病症状Article 1 black southern rice dwarf virus disease symptoms 水稻各个生育期均可感病，但不同生育期的稻株感病后表现症状有所不同：Rice each growth period were sensible, but in different growth period of rice plants infected after the symptom is different: 1.1典型症状发病植株明显矮缩，根系不发达，须根少而短，严重时根系呈黄褐色；叶色深绿，剑叶或上部叶的叶面可见凹凸不平的皱折；叶背及茎秆表面有蜡点状、纵向排列成条形的瘤状突起，早期是乳白色，后期是褐黑色；病株节部有倒生须根及高节位分枝。1.1 typical symptom onset plant significantly short shrinkage, root developed, fibrous root is little and short, serious when yellowish-brown root; Sword, dark green leaves and upper leaves adaxially visible uneven buckling; Back and stem surface wax with dot, longitudinal strip are arranged in a calyx tumor, early is ivory, is late brown-black; Strain section of raw fibres and high section of a branch. 1.2苗期症状病株颜色深绿，心叶抽出缓慢，心叶叶片短小而僵直、深绿，叶脉有不规则蜡白色瘤状突起，后变成黑褐色。叶枕间距缩短，其叶鞘被包裹在下叶鞘里，植株严重矮缩（株高不及正常株的1/3），不能拔节，重病株常早枯死亡。1.2 strain color dark green seedling symptoms, heart leaf take out slowly, heart under short and rigidity, dark green, Ye Maiyou irregular wax white nodular, after become dark brown. Pulvinus distance shortened, its leaf sheath was wrapped in the leaf sheath, serious plant dwarf virus (plant height less than 1/3 of the normal strains), not elongating stage, severe strains often early withered to death. 1.3分蘖期限症状病株分蘖增多丛生，上部数片叶的叶枕重叠，心叶从下叶鞘而出或从下叶枕口呈螺旋状伸出，叶片短而僵直、皱折，叶尖略有扭曲畸形。植株矮小，主茎及早生分蘖尚能抽穗，但穗头难以结实，或包穗，或穗小1。1.3 tillering period symptom strain increase tillering, upper leaf of pulvinus overlap, leaves from the leaf sheath and leaf pillow under or from spiraling out of mouth, short and rigid blade, buckling, tip slightly distorted deformity. Plant small, main stem is born early tillering to heading, but I cant strong, ear or package the ear, or the ear small 1. 1.4抽穗期症状全株矮丛生，有的能抽穗，但抽穗不完全，抽穗迟而小，实粒少，粒重轻，剑叶短小僵直，在中上部叶片可见纵向皱折；在茎秆下部节间和节上可见蜡白色或黑褐色隆起的短条脉肿。根系不发达，须根少而短，严重时根系呈黄褐色。1.4 full heading stage symptom plant dwarf, some can be earing, but earing, incomplete earing and little late, less solid grain, grain weight is light, sword leaf short and rigidity, the upper blade is visible in the longitudinal buckling; Section at the bottom of the stem internode and visible white or dark brown wax uplift of short pulse is swollen. Root system is not developed, fibrous root is little and short, serious when the root is brown. 2南方水稻黑条性矮缩病的发生规律Article 2 black southern rice dwarf virus disease occurrence regularity 2.1病毒初侵染源1）越冬虫源的带毒白背飞虱、田间自发生及再生带毒水稻苗、杂草等。2）由外地迁入的带毒白背飞虱。初侵染源在早稻上扩大侵染量，经白背飞虱传至单季稻或晚稻秧田及本田，同时可扩散到玉米田，早期侵染造成严重为害。植株之间不相互传毒、白背飞虱不经卵传毒。介体一经染毒，终身带毒，稻株接毒后潜伏期1424 d。2.1 virus QinRanYuan 1) at the beginning of the overwintering insect source of poisonous white back planthopper, the field since the strip and regeneration in poison rice seedlings, weeds, etc. 2) by the nonlocal move white back BPH with poison. Early QinRanYuan expand quantity of infection on early rice, the white-backed planthopper to single harvesting or late rice seedling bed and Honda, and can spread to the corn field, early infection causing serious harm. Plants dont pass each other between the poison, white-backed planthopper without eggs poison. Desmon once infected, lifelong with poison, poison rice plants after 14 24 d after the incubation period. 2.2田间发生趋势与发病特点该病具有发生范围广、暴发性强、扩散蔓延快、为害隐蔽等特点。随着病毒分布范围的扩大及越冬毒源大量的积累，病害逐年加重。一般晚稻田发病重于早稻田，移栽田重于直播田，杂交稻重于常规稻。田块间，发病轻重取决于水稻危险生育期是否与带毒白背飞虱迁入发生高峰期相吻合，田块间发病差异非常大。水稻感病期主要在分蘖前的苗期（秧苗期和本田初期），拔节后不易感病。最易感病期为秧苗的26叶期。水稻苗期、分蘖前期感染发病后，水稻不能正常抽穗，基本绝收；拔穗期和孕穗期发病，产量因侵染时期的先后造成损失在10%30%。病区田间尚未发现有明显抗病的水稻品种。2.2 the field occurrence trend and characteristics of the disease disease has spread to spread wide, strong explosive, the harm concealment, etc. With the expanding of virus distribution range and wintering other large number of accumulation, disease increased year by year. Usually late rice fields is more important than waseda, transplanting field over broadcast field, hybrid rice is better than conventional rice. Field, between disease severity depends on whether the growth period of rice dangerous and poisonous white back planthopper in peak is consistent, field between the difference is very big. Infected period mainly in rice tillering seedling (seedling stage and Honda early) before and after the jointing stage and not susceptible to disease. The most susceptible to disease period for 2 6 leaf stage of seedling. Rice seedling stage and tillering early after the onset of infection, rice cant normal earing, the basic crops; Spike stage and booting stage, yield losses caused because of the infection period successively in 10% 30%. Ward the field has not been found to have obvious resistance of rice varieties. 3主要防控技术措施Three main technical measures for prevention and control 坚持“预防为主，综合防治”的植保方针，采取“杀灭传毒害虫、切断毒源、治秧田保大田、治前期保后期，通过治虫达到防病目的的”综合防控策略，推行“抗、避、断、治”（抗：选抗（耐）病品种，避：抓好栽培管理，断：阻断毒源，治：治虫防病）等综合防控措施，降低白背飞虱发生的数量和传毒风险 ，减轻水稻病毒病的发生为害。抓住秧苗期和本田初期的关键环节，以“治虱防矮”为重点，实施科学防控。对已经发生南方水稻黑条矮缩病的病田，根据田间发病程度分别采取不同的应急补救措施。Adhere to the prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control of plant protection policy, take to kill poison pests, cut off the other, cultivating seedling bed insurance field, early confirmed later, through pest prevention to achieve the purpose of comprehensive prevention and control strategy, promote resistance, avoidance, and governance (: resistance (resistance) disease resistance varieties, avoid: pay special attention to the cultivation of management, broken: blocking other, cure: pest prevention) comprehensive prevention and control measures, such as to reduce the number of white-backed planthopper occurrence and drug risk, reduce the occurrence of virus disease harm of rice. Seize the early seedling stage and Honda key link, with an emphasis on hong lice proof short, implement scientific prevention and control. To have occurred in southern rice dwarf virus disease of disease black field, according to the field the degree respectively, take different emergency measures. 3.1选用抗（耐）病良种，淘汰感病品种避免种植本地区上年度南方水稻黑条矮缩病重发品种。培育无病壮苗，适当增加播种量，以备水稻分蘖期田间发病时“掰蘖补苗”的需要。3.1 selecting resistant varieties (resistance) disease, eliminate cultivars avoid planting in the region last years southern rice dwarf virus upon black hair. Disease-free seedling cultivation, increasing seeding rate, in order to have the rice tillering stage in the field break tillers fill the gaps with seedlings needs. 3.2抓好栽培管理3.2 pay special attention to the cultivation of management 1）历史病区，在生长适期适当调整水稻播、插期，尽量将水稻发病敏感期与传毒媒介发生高峰期错开。晚稻秧田尽可能远离早稻田。2）加强肥水管理，对发病田要及时排水晒田，适当增施磷钾肥和农家肥，避免重施氮肥，增强水稻抗病抗虫能力。3）加强田间检查，及时拔除病株。当大田已经严重发病，或发病丛率超过7%的田块及时拔除病株（丛），并就地入泥深埋，然后从健丛中掰出一半分蘖苗或将储备秧移栽到拔除病丛留下的空穴中，并及时喷施植物生长调节剂加尿素，促使稻苗恢复群体生长。1) history of ward, in growth stage optimum adjust planting rice, and rice sensitive period to try to poison the peak staggered medium. Late rice seedling bed, as far as possible away from waseda. Field to 2) to strengthen water management, to the disease timely drainage field drying, appropriate to add under phosphorus and farmyard manure, avoid heavy nitrogen, strengthen insect-resistant rice disease resistance ability. 3) to strengthen the field inspection, prompt remoal strain. When a field has serious illness, or disease plexus rate more than 7% of the field strain (bundle), prompt remoal and on-site deep into the mud, and then through the health break out half the tillering seedling seedling transplanting or reserves to wipe out the disease left bundle holes, and timely spraying plant growth regulator with urea, prompting rice seedlings growth recovery groups. 3.3切断毒源1）清除稻田周边杂草，减少白背飞虱的寄主和毒源。2）收割早稻时要随割随挑，不要将稻草堆放地稻田里，尽量挑走，减少稻草还田，如需要还田的要埋好稻草，防止带毒飞虱进入晚稻田。3）抓好冬防。晚稻收割后要冬犁晒田，清除再生稻和田边、沟边杂草。3.3 cut the other 1) removal of paddy weeds around, reduce the white-backed planthopper and other host. 2) increases with the increasing cutting pick when you harvest the rice, do not use straw dumps rice paddies, to pick to go as far as possible, reduce the straw counters-field set, such as the need to bury a good straw counters-field set, to prevent the poisonous plant hopper into the late rice fields. 3) pay special attention to DongFang. Late rice harvest to winter plough field drying, after removal of ratooning rice weeds and tanabe, river bank. 4科学防控，治虫防病4 the scientific prevention and control, pest prevention 以“治虱防矮”为重点，采取“治前期保后期，治秧田保大田的治虫防病”策略，根据当地植保部门的病虫害情报，重点抓好秧田和本田分蘖前期白背飞虱的预防和控制工作。Lice proof short to governing as the key point, take early confirmed later, cure seedling bed protect field pest prevention strategy, according to local plant protection department of plant diseases and insect pests of intelligence, focus on seedling bed and Honda tiller white-backed planthopper prevention and control work. 4.1以预防为主，抓好秧田期的的防治4.1 to prevention, pays special attention to the issue of prevention and control of the seedling patches 1）种子处理。用10%的吡虫啉300350倍液浸种812 h，或在种子催芽露白后，每公斤稻种拌吡蚜酮或10%吡虫啉2025 g进行拌种，待药液充分吸干后播种。2）采用防虫网覆盖育秧。在播种后用40目聚乙烯防虫网全程覆盖秧田，阻止稻飞虱迁飞到秧苗是传毒为害。秧田应远离感病稻田和玉米田。3）施“送嫁”药。秧苗移栽前35 d，用10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂25 g加20%病毒A50对水60 kg喷施，或移栽时用25%吡蚜酮300350倍液浸秧。1) the seed treatment. With 10% imidacloprid 300 350 times liquid seed 8 12 h, or in accelerating seed germination after the thief, per kg rice mix pyrazole ketone of aphid or 10% imidacloprid 20 25 g and stay liquid fully blot after seeding. 2) using insect nets cover boards. After sowing in 40 mesh polythene insect nets full coverage of seedbed, prevent moved to fly to the seedlings is the poison rice planthopper. Paddy and corn field seedling bed should be far away from the disease. 3) marry medicine. Seedling transplanting before 3 5 d, with 10% imidacloprid 20% wettable powder of 25 g virus A50 60 kg spraying of water, or transplanting with 25% pyrazole ketone of aphid 300 350 times liquid immersion seedlings. 4.2大田“治虱防矮”秧苗移栽到大田后710 d用药1次，510 d后再用药1次，采取速效（速杀性好）药剂与长效（持效期长）药剂相结合的防治对策，防治药剂应交替轮流选用高效对口单剂，每亩可用80%敌敌畏EC150 mL加10%吡虫啉WP20 g加20%病毒A50 g，或48%毒死蜱EC80 mL加25%噻嗪酮20 g加20%病毒A50 g，或20%阿维毒死蜱EC100 mL加10%吡蚜酮20 g加20%病毒A50 g，或51%毒吡EC50 mL加20%病毒A5 0g等兑水6075 kg水均匀喷雾。喷药时尽量对准稻丛基部，田间保持35 cm水层。Lice proof short 4.2 field governing seedling transplanting to field after 7 10 d drug use, drugs once again after 5 10 d, take quick good (speed) ethephon and long-term (hold effective long) the combination of prevention and control countermeasures, prevention and control of reagents should take turns to alternately use efficient single dose oral confession, available per acre 80% dichlorvos EC150 mL of 10% imidacloprid WP20 A50 g g plus 20% virus, or 48% chlorpyrifos EC80 mL 25% buprofezin A50 g 20 g plus 20% virus, or avi 20% chlorpyrifos EC100 mL 10% pyrazole ketone of aphid A50 g 20 g plus 20% virus, or 51% drug actos EC50 mL 20% virus A5 0 g against the water, such as uniform 60 75 kg of water spray. On base of rice cluster, as far as possible when spraying 3 5 cm water field. 5适时采取应急补救措施5) timely emergency measures 加强田间检查，及时拔除病株。在秧苗期和移栽后15 d内进行田间排查，当大田已经严重发病，或发病丛率超过7%的田块及时拔除病株（丛），并就地入泥深埋，然后从健丛中掰出一半分蘖苗或将储备秧移栽到拔除病丛留下的空穴中，并及时喷施植物调节生长剂加尿素，促使稻苗恢复群体生长。在发病初期用抗病毒制剂宁南霉素、病毒A等加入叶面肥和杀虫剂混合喷施，或喷施病毒A800倍液加细胞分裂素600倍液，对水稻病毒病有一定的抑制作用。对发病特别严重的田块，建议及时翻耕改种下茬水稻或其他作物。泰安租车To strengthen the field inspection, prompt remoal strain. In seedling stage and field screening within 15 d after transplanting, when the field has serious illness, or disease plexus rate more than 7% of the field strain (bundle), prompt remoal and on-site deep into the mud, and then through the health break out half the tillering seedling seedling transplanting or reserves to wipe out the disease left bundle holes, spraying plant growth regulating agents and timely add urea, prompting rice seedlings growth recovery groups. Early in the disease with antiviral agents building, such as A virus mixed with foliar fertilizer and pesticide spraying, spraying or virus A800 and liquid adding cytokinins 600 times liquid, virus disease has certain inhibitory effect of rice. Timely ploughing plots especially serious disease, the proposal to switch to next crop of rice and other crops. 6几点体会6 what time understand 1)坚持预防为主，综合防治的植保方针，泰山奇石通过杀灭传毒媒介白背飞虱预防南方水稻黑条矮缩病的流行发生。2)选育抗病、耐病良种，重病区要淘汰感病品种，因地制宜地选用抗（耐）病品种，这是减轻或控制南方水稻黑条性矮缩病的一项经济有效的措施。3)铲除田块周围杂草，冬犁晒田，切断传毒桥梁。4)推广防