教案 名词性从句1.doc

名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 (Noun Clauses）。 名词性从句在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。My dream is to be a teacher What I dream of is to be a teacher This is a book This is what I want I like to do shopping on weekendsI like to do what I am interested in Mr. Smith , our English teacher , is an out-going man The news that we won the game made us excited The students each _(give) a book Each of the students _(give) a book 一、引导名词性从句的连接词分类 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连词（5个）：在从句中均不充当任何成分that 引导名词性从句都不作成分，通常不可省略，只有引导宾语从句可以省略（引导两个或两个以 上的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可省，其余不可省）whether,if “是否”（两者的区别）as if ,as though “好像”，“似乎” (虚拟语气）连接代词（9个）：在从句中做主、宾、表、定what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever连接副词（7个）：when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however词形词义在从句中所做成分连that无意义，连接 -词if/whether是否 -what（ever）什么主，宾，表，定连which(ever)哪个主，宾，定 接who(ever)谁（主格）主，表代whom(ever)谁（宾格）宾词whose(ever)谁的定连when 什么时候状语接where在哪状语副why为什么状语词how如何，多么状语二. 主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。注：whom、who指人，what指物，whatever，whoever表示泛指意义。例如：_ he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的Where the English evening will be held _ (announce) yet. Where and when the English evening will be held _(announce) yet.Where the English evening will be held and When the English evening will be held _(announce) yet用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系： （1）It + be + 名词 + that从句（2）It + be + 形容词 + that从句（3）It + be + 动词的过去分词+ that从句（4）It + 不及物动词 + that 从句a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句It is necessary that有必要It is important that重要的是It is obvious that 很明显b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句It is believed that人们相信It is known to all that众所周知It has been decided that已决定It is said / reported / believed that .据说、据报道、据相信c. It + be +名词+ that-从句It is a surprise that令人惊奇的是It is a fact that 事实是It is a pity that.d. It +不及物动词+ that-从句It appears that似乎It happens that碰巧It occurred to me that我突然想起例题 Does _matter much whether they will come tomorrow ?A it B that C this D what 另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) thatIt is suggested that people shouldnt smoke in public.三、宾语从句名词从句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。在句中可以作谓语动词(vt)、介词、形容词及非谓语动词的宾语。1. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如：No matter who / whoever 二者都可引导让步状语从句。引导名词性从句只能用whoever。She will give _ needs help a warm support. _needs help , he will give a warm support.A whoever B no matter who C whatever D both A and B2.在insist、command、order、suggest、advise、propose、desire, request, ,demand 等表示坚持、要求、命令、建议等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。例如：The commander ordered that the wounded _(send) to the hospital at once.The old man insisted he _(be) not old and that he _(send) to the front .Jennys pale face suggested that she _(be) ill and her parents suggested she _(go) to see a doctor .3. 在复合结构中 think + it + n/adj + that .类似的动词有find ,believe, makeHe thought_ a pity that he missed the best film.4. 介词except接宾语从句的情况Except / besides Except for Except that Except what I know nothing about the girl _she is from New YorkYour composition is a good one _there are some spelling mistakesA except B except for C except that D besides I know nothing about the accident _I read in the newspaperA except B except for C except that D except what5 do you think/believe/suppose/guess 等放在特殊疑问句中，特殊疑问句由疑问语序变为陈述语序。 do you suggest 放在特殊疑问句中，特殊疑问句也应用虚拟语气。Who do you think _ for you ?A buy this book B did buy this book C bought this book D should buy this bookWho do you suggest _the front ?A send B sent C be sent D sending 四、表语从句在复合句中，位于系动词或半系词之后作表语的从句叫表语从句。表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用that、because、why、as if/though引导。其基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + that从句。例如：五官： feel sound look smell taste半系词：go / come / grow / turn / become keep calm 、 stay awake 、短语： Used to be / seem to be / prove to be / appear to be / happen to be / turn out to be That is why.+ 结果That is because.+原因He stayed up last night.That is _ he didnt come to the meeting.He didnt come to the meeting.That is _ I stayed up last night . The fact is _ we have lost the game. Thats just _ I want. This is _ our problem lies. They talked as if they _(be) friends for many years. The boy walks as if he _(be) an old man.需要注意的，当主语是the reason时，表语从句要用that引导,不作成分，不可省略。例如：The reason _ he was late was _ he missed the train by one minute this morning .五、同位语从句同位语从句解释说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，不作成分，不可省略。可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、truth、wish、word、request、suggestion等。例如：There is no possibility / necessity that .The thought came to him _ Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。I have no idea _ he will return. 我不知道他什么时候回来/是否回来My father didnt follow the suggestion that he _(do) morning exercises .That引导同位语从句和定语从句的区别：that引导定语从句（修饰限定），充当句子成分（主宾表），在从句中作宾语时可以省略；that引导同位语从句时（解释说明），不充当句子成分，不能省略。试比较下面两个例句: I had no idea _ you were here Have you got the idea_this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？6、 that-名词性从句That只起连接的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。that-从句在句中能充当主、宾、表、同位语。It is obvious that China is playing an important role in international affairs I find it important that China is playing an important role in international affairsIt seems that China is playing an important role in international affairsWe all realize the fact that China is playing an important role in international affairs七、名词性wh-从句1）由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。Wh-词包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外，还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等，例如：主语： How the book will sell depends on its author.书销售如何取决于作者本人。直宾：In ones own home one can do _ one likes.在自己家里可以随心所欲。间宾：The club will give _ wins a prize.表语： My question is _ will take over president of the Foundation.宾补：She will name him _ she wants to. 她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字。同位语：I have no idea _ he will return.形容词宾语：Im not sure _ she refused their invitation.介词宾语：That depends on _ we shall go.那取决于我们去哪儿。2）Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语，而将wh-从句置于句末，例如：It is not yet decided who will do that job.还没决定谁做这项工作。It remains unknown when they are going to get married.他们何时结婚依然不明。3） what引导名词性从句，译成“所. What I want is freedom The city is no longer what it used to be 20 years ago .Internet can tell what I want to know 八、if, whether引导的名词从句if和whether的区别：1、 在动词不定式之前只能用whether 。如：2、 在whether or not 的固定搭配中。如：3、在介词后，只能用whether。如：4、宾语从句放在句首表示强调时，只能用whether 。如：5、用if会引起歧义时，只用whether。如：6、 引导主语从句放句首7、 引导表语从句、同位语从句I cant decide whether to stay. I want to know whether its good news or not . His father is worried about whether he lose his work . 不可省略的连词：1. 形容词、介词后的连词We are glad that you give us a hand when we are in trouble 2. 引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won.十、高考热点透视1. _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It 2A computer can only do _ you have instructed it to do（NMET2001）Ahow Bafter Cwhat Dwhen3. He asked _ for a violin（MET1992）A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid 4. What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soonA. when B. how C. whether D. why 5It is generally considered unwise to give a child _he or she wants. (NMET1997)A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. Whenever6. _leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. (MET1988)A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who7. Sarah hopes to become a friend of _shares her interests. (Shanghai1995)A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who8. - I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.- Is that _ you had a few days off ? ( NMET1999)A. why B. what C. when D. where9. I still remember _ this used to be a quiet village. ( NMET1993)A. when B. how C. where D. what10I read about it in some book or other，does it matter _ it was？（2001春季招生）Awhere Bwhat Chow Dwhich11. Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A. while B. that C when D. as (2001年上海)12. I think it is going to be a big problem.Yes, it could be.I wonder _ we can do about it. (北京 2002春季)A、if B、how C、what D、that十一、专项考点练习1. _that they found an unusual plant in the forest.A. It is said B. They are said C. It said D. It says2. _ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.A. What B. That C. How D. Where3. It worried Mary a lot _ she would pass the college entrance examination.A. whether B. if C. that D. how4. Shanghai has taken on a new look. It isnt like _ it used to be .A .what B. how C. that D. which5. _ is no possibility _ Bob will win the first prize in the match.A. There, that B. It, that C. There, whether D. It, whether6. Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster _ he had done the day before.A .that B. how C .what D. where7. The old man smiled when he saw how pretty _ up to be during the past few years.A. had his daughter grown B. would his daughter growC. his daughter would grow D. his daughter had grown8. Have you seen Mary lately? My boss wants to know _.A. how she is getting along B. how is she getting alongC. what she is getting along D. what is she getting along9. _surprised me most was _such a little girl of seven could play the violin so well.A. That; what B. What; that C. That; that D. What; what10. These wild flowers are so special I would do _ I can to save them.A. whatever B. which C. that D. whichever11. _ helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.A. Who B. Anyone C. Whoever D. The person12. Eat _ you like and leave the others for _ comes in late.A. any; who B. every; whoever C. whichever; whoever D. either; w