外研版必修1模块4Grammar.ppt

Module4ASocialSurvey MyNeighborhoodGrammar 高一外研版必修一 现在完成进行时现在完成进行时表示某一动作在过去开始发生 已经持续到现在 并且还将持续 或刚刚停止 其构成 have has been doing我学英语已经学了十年了 IhavebeenlearningEnglishforthreeyears 我等你已经等了三个小时了 Ihavebeenwaitingthreehoursforyou 比较一般过去时与现在完成时一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情 强调动作 现在完成时为过去发生的 强调过去的事情对现在的影响 强调的是影响 2 一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用 而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用 或无时间状语 一般过去时的时间状语 yesterday lastweek ago in1980 inOctober justnow等 皆为具体的时间状语 现在完成时的时间状语 for since sofar ever never just yet uptonow inthepast years 等 皆不确定的时间状语 3 现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态 动词一般是延续性的 如live teach learn work study know 一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come go leave start die finish become getmarried等 例如 Isawthisfilmyesterday 强调看的动作发生过了 Ihaveseenthisfilm 强调对现在的影响 电影的内容已经知道了 HehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears 在团内的状态可延续 HehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears 是团员的状态可持续 ShehasreturnedfromParis 她已从巴黎回来了 Shereturnedyesterday 她是昨天回来的 注意 句子中如有一般过去时的时间副词 如yesterday lastweek in1960 时 不能使用现在完成时 要用过去时 例如 错 Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight 对 Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight 1 Itisthefirst secondtime that 结构中的从句部分 用现在完成时 例如 ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity Thisisthefirsttime that I veheardhimsing 用于现在完成时的句型 注意 Itwasthethirdtimethattheboyhadbeenlate 2 Thisis 形容词最高级 that 结构 that从句要用现在完成时 例如 ThisisthebestfilmthatI ve ever seen 瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时 但不能和表示一段时间的状语连用 如可说 Hehasleft 但不能说 Hehasleftforthreeyears 如果要表达 他已走了三年了 可用以下几种表达法 一 用ago 使用一般过去时 Heleftherethreeyearsago 二 用 Itis 一段时间 since 一般过去时从句 Itisthreeyearssincehelefthere 三 用 一段时间 have haspassed since 一般过去时从句 Threeyearshavepassedsincehelefthere 现在完成时与瞬间动词 以上三种表示方法适用于所有瞬间动词 另外 还可用其它表示方法 但只适用于部分瞬间动词 具体办法是将瞬间动词转化为表延续的动词或者表状态的be 名词 形容词或副词 介词短语等 1 直接转化成延续性动词buycatch get acoldborrowcome go become have haveacold keep be 2 转换成be 名词jointhearmyjointhePartygotoschool beasoldier beaPartymember beastudent 3 转换成be 形容词或副词diefinishbeginleavefallsleepcloseopen bedead beover beon beaway beasleep beclosed beopen 4 转换成be 介词短语gotoschooljointhearmy beinschool beinthearmy 一般过去时态和现在完成时态可以构成同义句 e g 我们买这本书三年了 Wehavehadthebookforthreeyears Weboughtthebookthreeyearsago 他感冒三天了 Hehashadacoldforthreedays Hecaughtacoldthreedaysago 自从上星期以来 我就借了这本书 Ihavekeptthebooksincelastweek Iborrowedthebooklastweek 我成为一个学生两年多了 Ihavebeenastudentforovertwoyears Ibecameastudenttwoyearsago MrBlack死了三年了 MrBlackhasbeendeadforthreeyears MrBlackdiedthreeyearsago 小明参军半年了 XiaoMinghasbeenasoldierforhalfayear XiaoMingjoinedthearmyhalfayearago 我们上了8年学了 Wehavebeenstudentsforeightyears 下课10分钟了 Theclasshasbeenoverfortenminutes 电影开始了一小时了 Thefilmhasbeenonforanhour 一看时间状语 如果句中没有表示过去确切时间的状语 常用现在完成时 如果有 则只能用一般过去时 如 Ihavevisitedthefactory Ivisitedthefactorylastyear 二看句首有无疑问词 如果笼统地问人家做过某事了吗 句首无疑问词 常用现在完成时 但进一步询问何时 何地 何原因 用什么方式做那事时 句首有疑问词 就要用一般过去时 如 现在完成时的三看三用 Haveyouhadyourbreakfast Yes Ihave Whendidyouhaveit Atseventhirty 注意 这种用法是以连贯性问答为背景的 否则就需要具体情况具体分析 如 Howmanywordshaveyoulearnedbyheart Howdidyoulearnthembyheart 三看句中谓语动词是否为延续性动词 如果表示的动作或状态一直延续到现在 最好选用延续性动词 并使用现在完成时 如果是瞬间动词 则用一般过去时 如 Hehasbeenaleaguememberfortwomonths HejoinedtheYouthLeaguetwomonthsago thatdresswhenIfirstsawyouatthestation WereyouwearingHaveyouwornDidyouwearDoyouwear A 2 Katedoesn tlookverywell What swrongwithher Shehasaheadachebecauseshe toolong sheoughttostopworking A hasbeenreadingB hadreadC isreadingD wasreading A 3 Tellthestudentstostopshouting We ouressays writehavebeenwritingarewritinghavewritten C 4 Myuncle Sam managerofthefirm A hasjustmadeB isjustbeingmadeC hasjustbeenmadeD isjustmade5 Thisisthefirsttimethestudents toHydePark A havegoneB havebeengoneC havebeengoingD arebeinggone C A 6 She hermother sworksinceshewasadmittedintohospital A isdoingB hasbeendoingC hasdoneD hasbeendone B 7 Nowthatyou whatareyougoingtodo A arebeingreturnedB havebeenreturningC havebeenreturnedD havereturned D 8 I theincidentasifitwereyesterday A amstilltorememberB havestillbeenrememberingC ambeingstillrememberedD stillremember D 9 Where themap Ican tseeanywhere I itrightherejustnow A didyouput haveputB haveyouput putC hadyouput wasputtingD wereyouputting haveput B 10 JohntoldMarythathe whathewasdoingduringthevacation A wasjustaskedB wasjustaskingC hadjustbeenaskedD hadjustasked C 11 You veneverseensuchawonderfulfilmbefore haven tyouB haveyouC doyouD don tyou12 Ihavewatchedthegame When you it have watchedB do watchC did watchD will watch B C 13 Mr Green inChinasincefiveyearsago livedB haslivedC livesD isgoingtolive14 Hisgrandma fortwoyears diedB hasdiedC wasdeadD hasbeendead B D 15 WhereisHanMeinow She toShanghai Shewillbebackintwodays hasgoneB hasbeenC goesD hadgone16 you totheUnitedStated No never butIwenttoCanadaafewyearsagoHave beenB Have goneC Did goD Do go A A 17 Youhaven tchangedyourmind doyouB areyouC haveyouD didyou18 Howlonghaveyou thefootballteamoftheschool playedB beenatC joinedDbeenon C D 19 Wherehaveyou thesedays Ihave toKunmingwithmyfriends A been goneB been beenC gone beenD gone gone20 Howlonghaveyou thisbook boughtB borrowedC hadD lent B C 21 Excuseme youseenthefilmyet Yes I itlastnight A have seeB have haveseenC have seenD have saw22 Hehasneverriddenahorsebefore isheB isn theC hasn theD hashe D D Doyouknowourtownatall No thisisthefirsttimeI here NMET92 wasB amcomingC cameD havebeen D 高考题 2 IwonderwhyJenny usrecently Weshouldhaveheardfromherbynow NMET2002 hasn twrittenB doesn twriteC won twriteD hadn twrite3 I msorrytokeepyouwaiting Oh notatall I hereonlyafewminutes NMET94 havebeenB hadbeenC wasD willbe A A 4 WhoisJerryCooper Isawyoushakinghandswithhimatthemeeting NMET97 Don tyoumeethim