第九讲：肯定否定转译.doc

Conversion II Antonymic Translation转译法二：肯定、否定的转译Discussion for elicitationDont lose hope! You are still young. 译为：不要失望！你还年轻呢。 振作点儿，你还不老嘛。Breakfast is free at this hotel. 译为：这家酒店早餐免费。 这家酒店早餐不收费。I cant remember his name. 译为：我记不得他的名字。 我忘了他的名字。No word is meaningless. 译为：没有一个词是没有含义的 每个词都有它的含义。Theoretical exploration：Every language has its peculiarities in negation. And there is indeed an important, often neglected, difference between English and Chinese in negation. The difference is perhaps resulted from the different mode of thinking, and aesthetic practice.A: Arent you going out for tomb-sweeping?B: No, I am not.Generally speaking, the negative or affirmative expression should be retained directly. But we have to consider the target language readers way of thinking, mode of expression or aesthetic practice in the translation. Such consideration may involve the transfer of emphasis, dimension, tone etc.The negative forms:Generally speaking, English negative words and expressions fall into the following categories:Full negatives: no, not, none, never, nothing, nobody, nowhere, neithernor,Semi negatives: hardly, scarcely, seldom, barely, few, little,Partial negatives: not every, not all, not both, not many, not alwaysDouble negation: Words with negative suffixes: de-, dis-, in-, im-, un-, -lessWords with negative implication: fail, without, unless, lest, refrain, refuse, instead of, rather than, except汉语的否定：无，非， 不，没（有），未，否，别，休，莫，勿，毋等否定标记词，及其组成的词：决不，毫无，否则，没有，并非，未尝。等And that government of the people, by the people, and for the people, shall not perish from the earth.一定要让民有、民治、民享的政治制度永世长存。Antonymic translation 会使译文更精炼、更富有寓意、表达更加生动、更符合各自语言人们的审美情趣和表达习惯。翻译实例： 1. All the employees strongly disapproved of the companys new policy. （否定前缀）译文一：所有雇员都强烈地不认同公司的新政策。译文二：所有雇员都强烈地反对公司的新政策。启示：英文中含有否定词缀的单词绝大多数可以从正面着笔。如：disorder“无序状态”“乱七八糟”其他例子：The doubt was still unsolved after his repeated explanation. 虽然他一再解释，但疑团依然存在。 Hitlers undisguised effort to persecute the Jews met with world-wide condemnation.希特勒对犹太人进行了赤裸裸的大肆迫害，这种行为遭到了全世界人民的谴责。We were waiting for the ending of the meeting with impatience.我们当时正焦急地等待着会议的结束。2. Winners are not afraid to do their own thinking and to use their own knowledge.译文一: 成功者不怕独立思考，不怕运用自己的知识。译文二：成功者敢于独立思考，敢于运用自己的知识。启示：译文一不符合汉语表达，还会引起歧义。而译文二的正说方式读来通顺流畅、符合汉语习惯。其他例子：He thought, not very vividly, of his father and mother. 他并不是很鲜明的想起了自己的父母。 C.f. 他隐隐约约地想起了自己的父母。No one knows where the shoe pinches like the wearer. (鞋子哪里夹脚，穿鞋人自己最清楚。)The research group lost no time in carrying out their new plan. （研究小组立即/抓紧时间执行了他们的新计划）The United Nations organization has not, as far, justified the hopes which the people of the world set on it.到目前为止，联合国组织已经辜负了全世界人民对它所寄予的希望。No refunds or exchanges without complete factory packing and sales slip.商品退换须有完整包装并出示发票。If you need any further help, please dont hesitate to contact us.3. Admission by Invitation Only译文一：只允许受邀请的人进入。 译文二：非请莫入。习惯表达如此。Adults only. 少儿不宜。（角度转换）Keep upright! 请勿倒置Agreeable sweetness 甜而不腻。（甜而可口）A frost-free refrigerator 无霜冰箱Keep off the lawn! 请勿践踏草坪。Wet paint! 油漆未干Inflammableskeep away from the fire. 易燃物品，切勿近火。4. Because our lives are confined by my modest salary, the surface of Ethels life is easy to describe. A person who does regrettable action is often regretful afterwards.行为不检点的人，日后往往要懊悔。 I wonder if I can go with you. 我不知道能不能和你们一起走。I think you are missing the point here. 我认为在这点上你没有抓住问题的本质。Her husband hates to see her stony face. 她丈夫不愿见到她那张毫无表情的脸。5Catch me making the same error again. 我绝不会再犯同样的错误。英语中有一些词、短语，他们往往为习惯用语或具有引申义，其意义是否定的。这种在句子中没有明显的具有否定意义的词语、短语属于隐形否定。I dare him to jump. 我量他不敢跳。You are telling me. 这事还用你说？ Keep it dark! 这事可不能泄露出去！She bears her age well. 她一点也不显老For all I care! 这事我才不管呢Its anyones guess. 这事谁也不清楚。Your question beats me. 你这个问题令我迷惑不解。There will be hell to pay. 后果不堪设想。翻译赏析：Hold fast to dreams For if dreams dieLife is a broken-winged birdThat cannot fly.Hold fast to dreamsFor when dreams goLife is a barren fieldFrozen with snow. Langston Hughes译文一：千万不要丢掉幻想因为假如幻想破灭生活就像小鸟断了翅膀再也不能展翅飞翔。千万不能丢掉幻想因为幻想一旦离去生活就像冬天的田野那样荒凉冰封大地白雪茫茫。译文二：请将梦想抓牢， 千万不要将它放跑，否则生活就像折翅的小鸟，不再有自由的翱翔。请将梦想抓牢 千万不要将它放跑，否则生活就像贫瘠的土地，还伴之风雪的呼啸。Chinese English translation:直接翻译，但词序有变：我认为他不够格。 I dont think he is qualified.这房子尽管富丽堂皇，但住起来一点也不舒服。With all its magnificent, the house is not at all comfortable to live in.液体没有固定的形状，气体也没有。Liquids have no definite shape, nor have gases.正反翻译他无可指责：He is above blame.他英语考试不及格。我们不能让孩子们到这