职称英语考试理工完型填空课文及题干.doc

电话: 400-618-2500职称英语考试理工完型填空课文及题干（含译文）无答案版1. 库克船长弓箭的传说这本是个绝妙的传说，但DNA测试最终结束了这个长达两个世纪之久的古老故事。传说是关于一支据说是用1779年在桑伟奇群岛死去的英国探险家船长詹姆士库克的遗骨刻成的夏威夷弓箭。在不久前DNA 证据宣布该弓箭并非来自于库克船长的遗骨时，奥大利亚博物馆收藏经理尤大书菲利普说：“澳大利亚博物馆里并没有库克的遗骨。”但这并不能停止博物馆在展览会上展出弓箭。“考古发现：澳大利亚博物馆的宝藏”展览中的确还展示了一个在1778年夏威夷国王卡兰尼欧普送给库克的一个羽毛斗篷。库克是英国最伟大探险家之一，他在1770年发现了“南大陆”，也就是现在的澳大利亚。此后在桑伟奇群岛被棒击致死。库克弓箭传说始于1824年，当时夏威夷国王卡莫哈莫哈在弥留之际将弓箭赐给了库克妻子的亲戚，一名伦敦外科医生威廉正当斯，并告诉他弓箭是在那次致命殴打后用库克的遗骨做成的。在19世纪90年代，弓箭被交给澳大理亚博物馆。这个传说直到与科学直接接触才停止。据菲利普说，澳大利亚和新西兰的试验室的DNA测试证实弓箭并非取材于库克的遗骨，而更可能来自动物的骨头。但是，库克迷们却不肯放弃希望。他们期待库克传说之一将会被证明是正确，并且他人部分遗骨还会被发现。正如他们所说，有证据表明库克的遗骨并不是在1779年全都葬身大海了。库克船长协会的会长克利夫托马森在一个来自英国的声明中说：“在这个问题上，科技取得了胜利。我坚信某一天库克传说之一将会被证明是真的。”Captain Cook Arrow LegendIt was a great legend while it lasted, but DNA testing has 1 ended a two-century-old story of the Hawaiian arrow carved from the bone of British explorer Captain James Cook 2 died in the Sandwich Islands in 1779.“There is 3 Cook in the Australian Museum,” museum collection manager Jude Philip said not long ago in announcing the DNA evidence that the arrow was not made of Cooks bone. But that will not stop the museum from continuing to display the arrow in its 4 , “Uncovered: Treasures of the Australian Museum,” which 5 include a feather cape presented to Cook by Hawaiian King Kalaniopuu in 1778.Cook was one of Britains great explorers and is credited with 6 the “Great South Land,” 7 Australia, in 1770. He was clubbed to death in the Sandwich Islands, now Hawaii.The legend of Cooks arrow began in 1824 8 Hawaiian King Kamehameha on his deathbed gave the arrow to William Adams, a London surgeon and relative of Cooks wife, saying it was made of Cooks bone after the fatal 9 with islanders.In the 1890s the arrow was given to the Australian Museum and the legend continued 10 it came face-to-face with science.DNA testing by laboratories in Australia and New Zealand revealed the arrow was not made of Cooks bone but was more 11 made of animal bone, said Philp.However, Cooks fans 12 to give up hope that one Cook legend will prove true and that part of his remains will still be uncovered, as they say there is evidence not all of Cooks body was 13 at sea in 1779. “On this occasion technology has won,” said Cliff Thornton, president of the Captain Cook Society, in a 14 from Britain. “But I am 15 that one of these days.one of the Cook legends will prove to be true and it will happen one day.” 1.A. finallyB. firstlyC. latelyD. usually2.A. whoseB. whoC. whichD. what3.A. someB. noneC. neitherD. no4.A. cinemaB. exhibitionC. shopD. market5.A. mustB. didC. has toD. does6.A. discoveringB. visitingC. travelingD. using7.A. thenB. nowC. pastD. previously8.A. howB. whereC. whenD. that9.A. conversationB. fightC. mealD. dance10.A. howeverB. untilC. afterD. whenever11.A. helpfullyB. usefullyC. likelyD. readily12.A. refuseB. returnC. regainD. reply13.A. collectedB. washedC. storedD. buried14.A. statementB. suggestionC. proposalD. guess15.A. safeB. weakC. sureD. lucky2. 雪崩和安全问题雪崩是雪掺杂着空气和水沿着山体突然迅猛地滑动造成的。雪崩是造成山区人们生命和财产安全的最大危险之一。所有雪崩都是由于物质的过渡负荷造成，通常是积雪堆积过厚，很不稳固，超出了山坡面的承载能力。要确定山坡的临界承载量，可能造成突然雪崩的负荷量是一项很复杂的任务，需要衡量多个因素。通常倾斜度小于25度，大于60度的山坡发生雪崩的危险要小一些。积雪不会在陡峭的山坡上大量堆积，同样也不会在平缓的山坡上快速滑动。当雪在静止状态下的角度在35_45度之间，最可能发生人为触发的雪崩。人为引发雪崩的临界角度是38度，是最易人为引发雪崩的角度。常规经验是：一个平缓的足以堆积积雪，同时陡峭的适合人们滑雪的山坡，无论角度如何，都有可能产生雪崩。此外，雪崩的危险随着使用的增加而增加，换言之，滑雪者活动得越频繁，雪崩的可能性越大。由于雪崩研究的复杂性，冬天在人烟稀少的地区旅行从来不是百分之百的安全。很好地躲避雪崩，保持安全是一个连续的过程，包括选择路线、检查积雪、了解天气状况及其他人为因素。以下几个广为人知的好习惯也可以降低风险：如果当地权威部门发布了雪崩警报，你应当予以考虑，加以注意。绝不要不加审度，就立刻接受他人意见。积雪自形成的那时就几乎注定要发生变化。认真观察地形，注意明显的雪崩路径：没有植物或植物被毁坏的地方。不要在那些可能引发雪崩的人或事物下面行走。Avalanche and Its Safety An avalanche is a sudden and rapid flow of snow, often mixed with air and water, down a mountainside. Avalanches are 1 the biggest dangers in the mountains for both life and property. All avalanches are caused by an over-burden of material, typically snowpack, that is too massive and unstable for the slope 2 supports it. Determining the critical load, the amount of over-burden which is 3 to cause an avalanche, 4 a complex task involving the evaluation of a number of factors. Terrain slopes flatter than 25 degrees or steeper than 60 degrees typically have a low 5 of avalanche. Snow does not 6 significantly on steep slopes; also, snow does not 7 easily on flat slopes. Human-triggered avalanches have the greatest incidence when the snows angle of rest is 8 35 and 45 degrees; the critical angle, the angle at which the human incidence of avalanches is greatest, is 38 degrees. The rule of thumb is: A slope that is 9 enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski has the potential to generate an avalanche, regardless of the angle. Additionally, avalanche risk increases with 10 ; that is, the more a slope is disturbed by skiers, the more likely it is that an avalanche will occur. Due to the complexity of the subject, winter travelling in the backcountry is never 100% safe. Good avalanche safety is a continuous 11 , including route selection and examination of the snowpack, weather 12 , and human factors. Several well-known good habits can also 13 the risk. If local authorities issue avalanche risk reports, they should be considered and all warnings should be paid 14 to. Never follow in the tracks of others without your own evaluations; snow conditions are almost certain to have changed since they were made. Observe the terrain and note obvious avalanche paths where plants are 15 or damaged. Avoid traveling below others who might trigger an avalanche.练习：1. A among B of C to D in2. A when B that C who D whose3. A mostly B likely C clearly D surely4. A are B will be C is D was5. A weight B form C risk D work6. A fall B flow C roll D gather7. A fall B flow C roll D gather8. A among B between C with D for9. A thick B thin C flat D rocky10. A use B time C snow D rain11. A journey B trip C fact D process12. A conditions B reports C forecast D event13. A increase B reduce C improve D remove14. A price B effort C attention D money15. A missing B grown C big D fresh3. 看见红色意味着危险在前方红色常常表示危险，通过引起注意能够防止意外。在铁路交叉口，闪烁的红灯警告车辆靠后。在交通十字路121的红灯告诉车辆停止前进，所以就不会发生车祸。在未来，建筑工地的红色可能也可以防止危险。多亏了工程师的新作和桥梁支柱等其他的材料，它们有一天能包含一种会变换颜色的物质，该物质能够在建筑物倒塌或之前变成红色。一个小小的分子就会对报警系统起到很大影响。一个聚合物包含一种变换颜色的分子叫做机械响应性聚合物，它能够在在聚合物断裂前几秒钟变成红色。这项技术能够很容易地发现材料或建筑物的损坏。这个变换颜色的物质的秘密就是一种特别的分子。一个分子是由化学键把一群原子组合起来。分子有各种各样的形状和大小，所以能够组成你所见到的、摸到的和感觉到的任何东西。一个分子怎样表现取决于它包含什么样的原子，和他们被怎样组合起来。当包含变换颜色分子的机械响应性聚合物要断裂的时候，它会产生一种颜色。当一个包含机械响应性聚合物分子的聚合物“受损害”或者变弱的时候，其中的一个机械响应性聚合物键破碎，这个物质变成红色。“这是一个很简单的检测方法。”Nancy Sottos说，她是为这个项目工作的科学家之一。Sottos和她的团队在他们的实验室测试这种变换颜色的聚合物，测试的结果非常鼓动人心。有一种方法可以除去红色：光。当强光照射在机械响应性聚合物上，断裂的键被修复红色就会消失。这种“自我修复”或许给工程师们带来问题。他们需要在露天的，也就是暴露在阳光下的大建筑工程外面使用换色器。阳光会使机械响应性聚合物的报警系统不起作用。要让这些变色分子在实验室以外也能使用，Sottos和她的同事们还有许多工作要做。Seeing red Means Danger AheadThe color red often means danger - and by paying attention, 1 can be prevented. At railroad crossings, flashing red lights warn cars to stay back. A red light at a traffic intersection tells cars to stop, so 2 dont run into other cars. In the future, the color red also may help prevent danger 3 construction sites. Thanks to new work by engineers, bridge supports- or other kinds of materialscould one day contain a color-changing material. It will turn red 4 a structure collapses or falls 5 A tiny molecule may make a big difference in future warning systems. A polymer 6 a color-changing molecule called a mechanophore turns red seconds before it snaps. The technology may one day allow damage to materials or structures to be easily 7 . The secret behind the color-changing material is a particular type of molecule. A molecule is a group of atoms held together by 8 bonds. Molecules come in all shapes and sizes, and make up 9 you can see, touch or feel. How a molecule behaves depends on what kinds of atoms it contains, and how theyre held together. When a polymer containing a color-changing molecule called a mechanophore is about to breaks, it produces a color. When a polymer with mechanophore molecules becomes injured or 10 , one of the mechanophore bonds breaks and the material turns red. Its a really simple detection method, says Nancy Sottos, one of the scientists who worked on the project. Were 11 up this one bond, and it changes color. Sottos and her team tested the color-changing polymers in their lab. The test 12 proved encouraging. There is a way to get rid of the red color: 13 . When a bright light is shone on the mechanophore, the broken bond is fixed - and the red color disappears. This self-healing may be a problem for engineers. They need to use the color-changer in big construction projects that will be 14 , in sunlight. And sunlight will make the mechanophores warning system useless. Sottos and her fellow scientists still have 15 work to do before the color-changing molecules can be used outside the lab.练习： 1. A measures B accidents C actions D collapses 2. A they B it C some D most 3. A with B over C at D in 4. A before B after C once D while 5. A together B behind C down D apart6. A contacting B conducting C containing D considering 7. A controlled B spotted C repaired D changed 8. A technical B electronic C physical D chemical 9. A everything B something C nothing D anything10. A weak B strong C tough D soft11. A using B opening C turning D finishing12. A laws B theories C tools D results13. A air B electricity C light D sound14. A aside B beside C inside D outside15. A a part of B a pair of C a piece of D a lot of4. 动物的“第六感”2004年12月由印度洋海域地震引发的海啸造成亚洲和东非数万人死亡。但野生动物们似乎躲过了可怕的海啸的袭击。有专家表示，这进一步证实了动物对自然灾难有“第六感”的观点。斯里兰卡负责野生动物的官员表示，巨浪席卷印度洋海岛沿岸，淹死了两万四千多人，但野生动物似乎都幸免于难，目前尚未发现一具动物的尸体。斯里兰卡野生动物部门的副部长HD拉特纳亚克在海啸袭击过后一个月说道：“没有一头大象死亡，甚至没有一只野兔死亡。我认为动物能够感知灾难。它们有第六感，它们知道灾难何时发生。”海洪冲向离岸二英里远的亚拉国家公园，这里是斯里兰卡最大的野生动物保护区，生活着几百头野生大象和一些美洲豹，海啸引发的洪水使亚拉国家公园所在的东南部地区变得一片狼藉。“每当火山爆发或地震发生前，动物们的行为就会发生许多异常，比如犬吠或鸟类迁徙，但这些现象尚未得到科学证明。”南非约翰内斯堡动物园的动物行为专家马修范利罗普说。他对路透社记者说：“目前还没有这方面的专门研究，因为你无法在实验室或实际环境中进行真正的试验。”其他专家也同意这一看法。“野生动物似乎能够感知某些特殊现象，尤其是鸟类。很多报告显示鸟类能察觉即将来临的灾难。”克莱夫沃克这样说，他曾经写过数本关于非洲野生动物的书。一些动物确实是依靠嗅觉或听觉等人类已知的官能来躲避危险的，比如食肉动物。关于动物“第六感”(或者其他神秘力量)的说法已有很长时间，斯里兰卡被摧残的海滩可能会为这一说法再添一笔证据。罗马人把猫头鹰视为迫近凶险的征兆，很多古代文明都将大象看做拥有特殊能力或特征的“圣兽”。Animals Sixth SenseA tsunami was triggered by an earthquake in the Indian Ocean in December, 2004. It killed tens of thousands of people in Asia and East Africa. Wild animals, 1 , seem to have escaped that terrible tsunami. This phenomenon adds weight to notions that1 they possess a sixth sense for 2 , experts said.Sri Lankan wildlife officials have said the giant waves that killed over 24,000 people along the Indian Ocean islands coast clearly 3 wild beasts, with no dead animals found.No elephants are dead, not 4 a dead rabbit. I think animals can 5 disaster. They have a sixth sense. They know when things are happening, H. D. Ratnayake, deputy director of Sri Lankas Wildlife Department, said about one month after the tsunami attack. The 6 washed floodwaters up to 2 miles inland at Yala National Park in the ravaged southeast, Sri Lankas biggest wildlife 7 and home to hundreds of wild elephants and several leopards.There has been a lot of 8 evidence about dogs barking or birds migrating before volcanic eruptions or earthquakes. But it has not been proven, said Matthew van Lierop, an animal behavior 9 at Johannesburg Zoo.There have been no 10 studies because you cant really test it in a lab or field setting2, he told Reuters. Other authorities concurred with this 11 .Wildlife seem to be able to pick up certain 12 , especially birds. there are many reports of birds detecting impending disasters, said Clive Walker, who has written several books on African wildlife.Animals 13 rely on the known senses such as smell or hearing to avoid danger such as predators.The notion of an animal sixth sense or 14 other mythical power is an enduring one3 which the evidence on Sri Lankas ravaged coast is likely to add to.The Romans saw owls 15 omens of impending disaster and many ancient cultures viewed elephants as sacred animals endowed with special powers or attributes.词汇：tsunamin海啸concurv(with)同意，赞成triggerv引发，触发impendingadj迫近的ravagedadj被毁坏的predatorn食肉动物leopardn豹mythicaladj神话般的eruptionn喷发owln猫头鹰migratev迁移omenn预兆，征兆volcanicaaj火山的endowv赋予注释：1adds weight to notions that：更加相信2field setting：field意为“实地，野外”，setting意为“环境”。field setting可译为“野外环境”。3enduring one：由来已久的信念。one指代在句首出现的notion。enduring意为“持久的，永久的”。练习：1. A thereforeB howeverC althoughD whatever2. A sheltersB foodsC disastersD water3. A missedB protectedC raisedD caught4. A suchB tooC soD even,5. A feelB seeC hearD sense6. A wavesB tidesC windsD rivers7. A birthplacesB playgroundC reserveD storage8. A experimentalB apparentC scientificD chemical9. A specialistB assistantC supporterD sponsor,10. A additionalB specificC especialD exceptional11. A modificationB detectionC assessmentD value,12. A routeB behaviorC principleD phenomenon13. A unwillinglyB occasionallyC doubtfullyD certainly14. A someB muchC manyD few15. A onB asC forD in5. 警报器救盲人如果看不见，那你可能会因找不到路而逃不出一幢失火楼房，那将是致命的。英国利兹市的一家公司发明的一种可指方向的警报器可能会把你引向出口。声音警报是一家由利兹大学设立的公司。该公司现在正在为位于萨莫塞特的一家盲人收容所和位于卡姆布雷亚的一家盲人资源中心安装此种装置。这种警报器发出的频率范围广，使人脑可以判断出声音的来源。该公司的戴博拉威星顿称此种警报器使用人类可以听到的大部分音频。她说：“它们是一种突出的频谱连续而均匀的噪音。人们感觉它们听上去就像是收音机发出的静电噪声，其在救人方面潜力巨大。”她进行了一次试验。她让人们在一所充满浓烟的大屋子里设法找到出路，同时她用热效应成像摄像机进行拍摄。在没有警报器时，这些人用了近四分钟才找到门，而在警报器的指引下，只用了15秒。她在大学里对人脑如何处理声音进行研究，并提出与波段窄的频率相比，人们更容易发现波段宽的音响源。基于此理论的警报器已被应用于急救车上。这种警报器也容纳了音频的升降，以指示人们上、下楼。这种设备是得到英国核燃料组织的大笔资助才开发成功的。Singing Alarms Could Save the BlindIf you cannot see, you may not be able to1 find your way out of a burning buildingand that could be fatal. A company in Leeds could change all that2_1_ directional sound alarms capable of guiding you to the exit.Sound Alert, a company_2_ the University of Leeds, is installing the alarms in a residential home for _3_ people in Sommerset and a resource center for the blind in Cumbria._4_ produce a wide range of frequencies that enable the brain to determine where the _5_ is coming from.Deborah Withington of Sound Alert says that the alarms use most of the frequencies that can be_6_ by humans. “It is a burst of white noise _7_ people say sounds like static on the radio,” she says. “Its life-saving potential is great.”She conducted an experiment in which people were filmed by thermal-imaging cameras trying to find their way out of3 a large _8_ room. It _9_them nearly four minutes to find the door _10_ a sound alarm, but only 15 seconds with one.Withington studies how the brain _11_ sounds at the university. She says that the _12_ of a wide band of frequencies can be pinpointedmore easily than the source of a narrow band. Alarms _13_ the same concept have already been installed on emergency vehicles.The alarms will also include rising or falling frequencies to indicate whether people should go up _14_ down stairs. They were _15_ with the aid of a large grant from British Nuclear Fuels.1. A. withoutB. with C. having D. selling2. A. run byB. changed byC. decorated byD. criticized by3. A. slowB. deafC. blindD. lame4. A. AlarmsB. Alarm C. The alarmD. The alarms5. A. noiseB. soundC. musicD. bell6. A. watchedB. producedC. learnt D. heard 7. A. whereB. what C. that D. how 8. A. smoked B. smoke-filledC. filled with smoke D. smoke-filling9. A. has takenB. takesC. tookD. will take10. A. on B. nearC. withoutD. from 11. A. processesB. producesC. possessesD. proceeds 12. A. featureB. qualityC. diagramD. source13. A. basis onB. base onC. basing onD. based on 14. A. or B. andC. butD. otherwise15. A. developedB. determinedC. discoveredD. delivered6. 远程制止偷车贼超速驾驶在偷来的汽车里，偷车贼以为自己大获全胜。但是他马上就会又惊又恼。车上已经被装了远程制动装置，一个几英里以外的控制中心发来的无线信号将确保盗贼一旦启动引擎，他就不能再次发动汽车了。目前，这种装置只用于卡车队或者用于建筑工地的特殊车辆上。但是远程制动技术很快就会逐步应用到普通汽车上。并且应该在两个月之内用在英国的普通汽车上。计划是这样的。把一个集合有微型无绳电话，微量处理器，存储器以及全球定位系统的卫星接收器的控制合子安装在汽车上。如果汽车被盗，一个被编码的无绳电话信号就会告诉这个装置停止车辆引擎控制系统来阻止引擎再次被启动。甚至还有一些人主张计划将制动装置装在运行着的车辆上，可是这一来人们就会担心这个系统的安全性。在英国，一系列的技术装置已经让盗车贼步履维艰了。玛丁兰多来自位于贝克郡的一个由汽车保险工业投资成立的名为撒策姆的安全研究机构。他说：“车辆盗窃的手法已经有所改变。”他还声称只要是