特殊的被动语态.doc

特殊的被动语态王海燕1. 在“have / see / find / watch / hear / feel/make/ leave+ n. + done” 结构中done表被动含义。 The TV that I _broke down again. (repair) 我上周请人修好的电视又坏了。 He raised his voice so that he could_. (make) 他提高嗓门以便能被别人听见。2. 当“feel , look , smell , taste , sound, appear, keep, stay.+adj”时,主动形式表被动意义； 当cut , read , sell , wear , write , wash 等动词后接副词（如well, easily, slowly, quickly等），且主语是物时，用主动形式表被动含义，用来修饰主语的性质特征。 The crisis said that his new novel _. （sell） 那个批评家说他的新小说不会畅销。 What he said _. (sound) 他说的话听起来是真的。 The pen _. (write) 这支笔很好写。 This kind of cloth _. (wash) 这种布料很好洗。3. 当cant或wont与close, open, read, shut,lock等连用表示主语的性质特征时，用主动形 式表被动意义。 The window _. (shut) 这窗户关不上。 The door _. (open) 门打不开。4. want , require , need , be worth, deserve等词以物作主语时，这些词后常用动名词的主动 形式表示被动含义。 The house needs _. (clean) 这个房子需要打扫。 The book is worth _. (read) = The book is worthy _. 这本书值得一读。 Whoever breaks the law_. (deserve)任何违法的人都应受到惩罚。5. 当break out, take place, shut off, turn off, work out等动词表示“发生、关闭、结果表明” 等意思时表主动.(凡是表示“发生”的动词/动词短语都没有被动语态) The plan_successfully. (work) 计划很切实可行. An earthquake_ in Tangshan in 1976. (take) 1976年唐山发生地震.6. 不定式的主动形式可以表被动，常用于下列情形：（1）不定式作定语，且和被修饰的名词有动宾关系，又和另一名词或代词有主谓 关系时，常用主动形式表被动意义： She has a baby _. (look) 她有一个婴儿要照顾。 Please lend me a pen _. (write) 请借我一支笔写字。 Do you have anything _? (post) 你有什么要寄的吗？ （指自己去寄） Do you have anything _? (post) 你有什么要（我）去寄的吗？ （指让别人去寄）（2) 在句式“sb/sth + is +adj+to do ”中，多用不定式的主动形式表被动意义。这类常见的 形容词有：easy, difficult, hard, comfortable, dangerous, heavy, impossible等。 The chair is hard _. (sit) 这个凳子坐上去很舒服。 The question is easy_. （answer） 这个问题很容易回答。 The girl isnt easy _.(get) 这个女孩不好相处。 Themathsproblemisdifficult_. (work) 这个数学题很难解答出来。 (3)“with+宾语+宾补”复合结构中，宾补表将来时一般都用不定式的主动形式表被动意义。 With so much work _, Mary cant but stay at home. (do) 因为有很多工作要做，玛丽只得呆在家里。 With so many problems _, I cant go to the cinema with you tonight. (settle) 有这么多问题要解决，我今晚不能陪你去看电影了。(4) 在too, enough等词后面的不定式，当句子主语是逻辑宾语时，用主动形式表达被动含义。You will find her coffee is too bitter _. (drink)你会发现她的咖啡太苦了不能喝。 (5) 在there be 结构中，主语后的不定式可用主动形式表示被动意义：There are some problems _. (solve)有一些问题要解决。 There is nothing _.(worry) 没有什么可担心的。7. 在某些固定词组和句型中，用主动形式表示被动意义。如：prove, turn out (to be), consist of, belong to, be to blame, be to let（出租）等。The theory he used to stick to _ now. (prove)他过去坚持的理论现在已经被证明是错误的。It was the computer that broke down halfway that_for the loss of the files. (blame)是中途出故障的电脑该为文件的丢失负责任。 The house is _. (let) 此屋出租。8. 表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”意义的动词（如begin, start, finish, end等）， 多用主动表被动： The film _when I got to the theater. (begin) 当我到达电影院的时候，电影已经开始了。 The meeting _warm applause. (end) 会议以热烈的掌声结束。9. 有些特殊短语也表被动意义, 如：“beyond belief/compare/expression/doubt”; in use/sight/store”; under construction/discussion/repair/attack/arrest”; “on sale/show”等。 The children were _. (control) 孩子们没法控制了。 The rumor is_. (beyond) 谣言难以置信。 When was paper money _ in China? (use) 纸币在中国什么时候开始使用的？ Every article on view will be _. (sale) 每件展品都将出售。 Your proposal is _. (consideration) 你的提议正在考虑中。特殊的被动语态答案1. had had repaired last week; make himself heard2. wouldnt sell well; sounds true; writes well; washes well3. wont shut; wont open4. cleaning/ to be cleaned; reading; to be read/of being read; deserves to be punished5. works out ; took place6. (1) to look after; to write with; to post; to be posted (2) to sit on; to answer; to get along with; to work out (3) to do; to settle (4) to