必修一unit2.doc

必修一 Unit 2 English around the world直接引语和间接引语知识梳理直接引语为祈使句时，间接引语往往用复合宾语来表示，其结构为：主语谓语宾语动词宾语补足语（动词不定式）。引述动词可根据口气选用tell,ask,order,command,request等词，句中将please去掉。如果直接引语为感叹句，变为间接引语后叫间接感叹句.间接感叹句多采用宾语从句结构, 既可用what或how引导，也可用that引导，还可以根据句子表达的不同感情选用适当的动词和状语来转换。一、 Do形式的祈使句【基本形式】直接引语：主语谓语动词（间接引语）， “Do/Dont do sth,(please)” 或：“Do/Dont do sth,(please)” 主语谓语动词（间接引语）间接引语：主语tell/ask/ordersbto/not to do sth【变化规则】1. 有的祈使句含有please 一词，以表示婉转的语气，将这类祈使句变为间接引语，通常将原句的say 改为ask或beg。值得注意的是, please一词在改为间接引语时要去掉。例如：Tom said to Alice, “Come here tomorrow, please.”Tom asked Alice to go there the next day.2. 如果是上级对下级说的话，或者原句带有命令式的语气，一般用动词order或tell, 也可用“saythat从句”形式，从句的谓语用“be不定式”或“have got不定式”表示。例如：He said to us, “Get it done at once.”He ordered us to get it done at once.He said that we were to get it done at once.3. 提醒对方有某种危险或不利的祈使句变为间接引语时，常用动词warn。例如：He said, “Be careful with fire.”He warned us to be careful with fire.4. 祈使句的否定形式就是用不定式的否定式not to do sth 的形式类似表示。例如：She said to me, “Dont drink this water.”She told us not to drink that water.二、 Let 引起的祈使句【基本形式】直接引语：主语谓语动词（间接引语）， “Let sb do sth.”间接引语：主语suggest doing sth/that从句【变化规则】1.将带有let的祈使句改为间接引语，要使用“主语suggest doing sth/that从句”，或“urge sb to do sth”形式，例如：He said, “Lets go out for a walk.”He suggested that they should go out for a walk.He suggested their going out for a walk.2.如果说话者提议或自愿为对方多某事，一般用offer to do 来表示。例如：Tom said, “Let me help you with your work.”Tom offered to help me with my work.三、 感叹句【基本形式】直接引语：主语谓语动词， “What/How的感叹句！”间接引语：主语谓语动词what/how/that宾语从句【变化规则】1. 直接引语为感叹句时，间接引语可用what或how引导的宾语从句。例如：“How fast he runs!”he said.He said how fast he runs.2.直接引语为感叹句时，间接引语可用that引导的宾语从句,有时还可用其他适当的动词来转述。例如： “What a clever boy you are!”the teacher said to him.The teacher told him what a clever boy he was.The teacher told him that he was a clever boy .要点透视 1.直接引语为祈使句时，变间接引语常用以下结构：ask(not) to do sth.表示客气tell(not) to do sth.命令性较强order(not) to do sth.命令性最强2. 含祈使句的直接引语变间接引语时，需要注意以下几点： 祈使句的直接引语变间接引语时，因表“请求、命令”等语气，故不存在时态的变化。例如：“Go and wash your face, Tom,” Mother said.Mother told Tom to go and wash his face. 祈使句的直接引语变间接引语时，仍有人称、指示代词、时间、动词和地点状语的变化，变化的方法与陈述句直接引语变间接引语所做的改变相同。例如：“Dont make much noise here, boys,” said the teacher.The teacher told the boys not to make much noise there.妙法助记 祈使句变间接引语的规律 去掉引号要加to,ask,order须记住，直引若是否定式，not加在to 前头。一改（主句谓语）动词，二变（呼语为间接）宾（语）；三去please,四去to。感叹句变间接引语的规律直接引语感叹句，what和how来引导，间引仍用感叹句，有时也用that引，间引语序要调整，陈述语气最要紧。误区跨越1.”Do be careful with your handwriting.” He said.【错误】He told me to be careful with his handwriting.【正确】He told me to be careful with my handwriting.【解析】祈使句变间接引语时，仍有人称、指示代词、时间、动词和地点状语的变化，变化的方法与陈述句直接引语变间接引语所做的改变相同。2.All the people cried, “What magnificent clothes these are!”【错误】All the people cried what magnificent clothes these/those are.【正确】All the people cried what magnificent clothes these/those were.【解析】感叹句的直接引语变间接引语时，动词时态也要发生相应的变化。3. “Dont play football on the street, little boys. ”the policeman said.【错误】The policeman told the little boys didnt play football on the street.【正确】The policeman told the little boys not to play football on the street.【解析】如果直接引语是祈使句的否定形式,变为间接引语时,要将其改为不定式的否定形式作宾补,不定式的否定形式是在不定式前面加not, 而不是加do not, does not, did not 等。4. “Would you please do me the favor to carry the box upstairs?”the old woman said to me.【错误】The old woman ordered me to carry the box upstairs.【正确】The old woman ordered me to carry the box upstairs.【解析】直接引语是表示请求、建议的疑问句，变为间接引语时，也变为不定式作宾语补足语。需要注意的是应根据原句的语气选用适当的动词，此处原句的疑问句是客气的语气，改写不宜用order.5. “You clean the classroom after class today, Tom,” said the monitor.【错误】The monitor said that Tom cleaned the classroom after class that day.【正确】The monitor told Tom to clean the classroom after class that day.【解析】一般而言，祈使句是以动词原形开头的，如果说话人有意强调动作的执行者，也可以在句首加上主语。在将其变为间接引语时不能将带有主语的祈使句与陈述句相混淆。6.The students complained, “How boring the lecture is!”【错误】The students complained how the lecture is boring.【正确】The students complained how boring the lecture was.【解析】感叹句的直接引语变间接引语时，保留what或how, 仍用感叹结构。典题精炼一、将下列句子转换成间接引语1. “Stop talking!”the monitor said to the class._2. “Repeat it three times,” the teacher said to her._3. “Will you buy some bread for me?” he said to her._4.“Dont take off your coat,” she said to her sister._6. “Stay here!” the officer said to the soldier._二、根据所给句子完成间接引语6. “Dont forget to give the message to my wife,” he said to Li Ping.He _ Li Ping_ _ forget to give the message_ wife.7. “Mum,please help me find my shirt,” he said.He _his mother _help_find _shirt.8. “Use the knife to cut the boot open,” the officer said to the guard. The officer _the guard_ _ _knife to cut the boots open.9. “Dont spend too much time on football!” Mother said to me.Mother _me_ _ _too much time on football.10. “Will you sleep and get up early , children?” Father said. Father _the children _ _ and _up early.三、找出并改正间接引语中的错误11.Mother told me to make sure the door is locked.A B C D12.The teacher told us to remember to bring our dictionaries tomorrow.A B C D13.Our teacher said to us that light traveled faster than sound.A B C D14.My friends asked me dont be mad at him.A B C D15.He told the soldiers to put down their guns at once.A B C D四、单项选择16. “Dont worry about me,” she _her sister.A. said to B. referred to C. thanked to D. spoke17. “_help me with my English?” she said.A. Shall we B. Do you C. Could you D. Might you18. She told me _a noise in the hall.A. dont make B. not to make C. make not to D. to make not19. Martin _his dog to lie down under the big tree.A. made B. had C. promised D. ordered20. His farther asked the boy, “_are _ doing this for?”A. What; you B. Which; you C. Where; we D. Why; we效果反馈一、 1.The monitor told the class to stop thinking.2.The teacher asked her to repeat it three times.3.He asked her to b