形容词比较级和最高级的构成.doc

形容词比较级和最高级的构成1.规则形式 单音词的变化：一般情况： +er(比较级) +est(最高级)eg : quiet-quieter-quietest bright-brighter-brightest dear-dearer-dearest clever-cleverer-cleverest词末为-e（不发音）+ r +steg: fine-finer-finest nice-nicer-nicest cute-cuter-cutest close-closer-closest white-whiter-whitest large-larger-largest free-freer-freest(特殊)闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，须先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er，-esteg: hot-hotter-hottest big -bigger-biggest red-redder-reddest wet-wetter-wettest sad-sadder-saddest fat-fatter-fattest thin-thinner-thinnest fit-fitter-fittest如果是y 结尾的单音节词和双音节词，改y为i，再加er、est。eg: easy-easier-easiest heavy-heavier-heaviest friendly-friendlier-friendliest tidy-tidiertidiest empty-emptier-emptiest sunny-sunnier-sunniest dry-drier-driest cloudy-cloudier- cloudiest snowy-snowier-snowiest rainy-rainier-rainiest windy-windier-windiest双音节词的变化：少数以-er，ow，-ble结尾的双音节词，末尾加-er（比较级），-est（最高级）。以-e结尾的词只加-r和-st。eg: clever cleverer cleverest narrow narrower narrowest able abler ablest 其他双音节都在前面加单词more和most.多音节词. 三个或三个以上音节的形容词只能加more和mos,只能说 more beautiful而不能说beautifuller; 只能说the most beautiful而不能说beautifullest。但是，以形容前缀un开头的三音节形容词不适合上述情况，如unhappy,untidy，我们可以说：unhappierunhappiest, untidieruntidiest. 由-ING分词和-ED分词演变过来的形容词(包括不规则动词如knowknown)只能加more或most来表示它们的比较级和最高级 more(most) striking, more(most) interesting, more(most) wounded2. 不规则形式 good /well better bestbad /ill worse worstmany /much more mostlittle less leastfar farther farthest further furthestold older oldest elder eldest小贴士1：elder和eldest可用来表示兄弟和子女的长幼顺序： my elder sister 我的姐姐 my eldest brother 我的大哥 their eldest son他们的长子小贴士1：further表示“较远”外，还可表示 “进一步的”；而farther仅表示距离： The farther plants are too cold. 更远的行星太冷。 Do you need any further help? 你还需要更进一步的帮助吗？记忆口诀： 合二为一共三对，坏病两多和两好， 一分为二只两个，一是远来二是老， 还有一词含双义，只记少来不记小。3. 英语里有些形容词由于其词义而不可能有比较级形式 ，比如： right, wrong, wooden, absolute, main, whole, universal, final, perfect, excellent, primary 形容词比较级和最高级的用法1. 表示两者的比较，用“形容词的比较级than-clause”。 如: There are fewer hours of sunlight in winter than (there are hours)in summer. She plays ping-pong better than I (do).注：1. 在than-clause中，与主句相同的部分通常省略。2. 来自拉丁文的senior, junior和superior（较好的，优秀的，上等的）用来构成比较级时，要用介词to. He is two years senior to me. =He is two years older than I.2. 表示两者以上的比较，用“the+形容词最高级（名词）of (in, among)”如：This is the happiest day in my life. Mary is the best singer in our class. in后一般跟表示范围的集体名词。如in class,inChina, in the world. of 和 among后面一般跟所有参加比较的对象，即个体名词复数形式。 如果形容词最高级后没有名词，要使用of的结构。 This book is the easiest of the four I have got. 注：比较级是用来比较独立的事物或人物。最高级则是和一个群体中的一员与整个这样的群体（其中包括这个成员进行比较） Mary is nicer than her three sisters. （Mary 与另外三个进行比较，不把Mary 计算在内，所以用比较级。） Mary is the nicest of the four girls in the family. （将Mary与所有的四个女孩进行比较，Mary 包括在内，为其中之一，所以用最高级。）3. 比较的对象不能相互包容在同一范围内作比较时，进行比较的双方应互不包含，否则就出现了自我比较的错误。为避免错误的出现，应在句中加上other或else。不同范围内的比较则不加这两个词。any other+单数主语+比较级+than+ all（the) other+复数anyone else Obama is darker than any other president. （Because he is the first black president of the U.S. 奥巴马比任何一个总统都黑。因为它是美国第一个黑人总统。） Bush is more foolish than all (the) other presidents. （布什比所有其他的总统都要愚蠢。）4. 表示两者中较的一个，比较级前加“the” ，而且还用of the two, of the pair短语：John is the cleverer of the two boys.Of the two boys, John is the cleverer. 5. 在最高级前可以加序数词the表示“第几最”Mike is the second strongest boy in his class 6.“one of the+最高级” 表示“最之一”，形容词后的名词用复数形式。 Mr. Green is one of the most popular teachers in our school.7. 表示两者是同等程度，用“as+形容词原级as”; 表示不同等程度，用“not as(so)+形容词原级as”如： There are as many students in our class as in your class. This river isnt as/so deep as that one. I havent seen as old a car (=a car as old) as this for years. 注：表示否定比较还可用“less+形容词原级than”, 这种用法常用“not as/so原级as”所代替。形容词前如加least 则表示最不 It is less cold today than (it was) yesterday. important 重要 less important 较不重要 least important 最不重要8. 加强或削弱比较等级的方法 在形容词比较级前用much, far, a lot, a great deal, even, still, twice, three times, 25%, 3/5, a bit, a little, rather, slightly等程度状语，或用an inch, one kilo, two miles, an hour 等表示计量的程度状语。 This room is much brighter than that one. Im spending a lot more time on English than before. The book is two inches thicker than that one. This year well produce 75% more colour TV sets than we did last year.9.倍数的表示，数词timesasas如：Beijing is ten times as big as my hometown. This room is twice as big as mine. 数词timesthe size of This reservoir is four times the size of that one.10. 用“比较级+and+比较级”的结构来表示事物本身程度的增长，译为“越来越”The weather is getting colder and colder.The city is becoming more and more beautiful.She felt herself becoming more and more nervous.11. 用“the+比较级，the +比较级”的结构表示一方的程度随另一方的程度平行增长，译为“越(就)越如：The higher the ground, the cooler the air. The more , the better. The harder you work, the more you will learn.注 1. than 前后的部分必须相同 如：1) 昆明的气候比北京好。 The climate of Kunming is better than Beijing. （） The climate of Kunming is better than that of Beijing.（） 2) 上海的人口比天津多。 The population of Shanghai is larger than Tianjin.（） The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Tianjin. （）注2. 中文中可能没有“较”，“比”，但英文中应使用比较级 I am feeling better today. 我今天好多了。注 3.有时最高级并不是用来表示比较。此时， 我们使用“a”或不用冠词，而不用“the”，此时表示“非常”的意思 It is a most important question.Exercises for Book Unit 4（2010-12）Multiple choice1. Many people think the new teaching building should have been built _.A. a few higher B. a little higher C. a bit high D. few higher2. My _ brother is studying in U.S. A now.A. older B. elder C. old D. oldest3. Of all the stars the sun is _ to us.A. close B. closer C. closest D. the closest4. Barbara felt much _ than before after dark.A. cold B. colder C. coldest D. the coldest5. This jacket is smaller than that one but its _.A. expensive B. more expensiveC. most expensive D. the most expensive6. Our country has become _ in the past 20 years.A. more and more rich and strong B. more richer and more strongerC. more rich and more strong D. richer and stronger7. The products in that shop may be _ than those in others, but _ .A. more cheap; not as good B. cheaper; not as goodC. cheaper; not as better D. more cheap; not as better8. Of the two brothers, Li Ping is _.A. the younger B. younger C. the youngest D. youngest9. Hainan is a very large Island .It is the second _ island in chinaA. large B. larger C. largest D. most largest10. The weather in Guangzhou is hotter than_ in Beijing.A. it B. that C. those D. this11. William Shakespeare is one of _ play writers in England.A. great B. greater C. greatest D. the greatest12. Mary is the cleverest girl _ the three.A. among B. of C. in D. within13. The population of Japan is _ than that of China.A. fewer B. smaller C. larger D. more14. The next day Jim was very wet again, and his mother became _ angrier.A. very B. more C. even D. ever15. Tom is more careful than any _in his class.A. boy B. other boys C. boys D. other boy16. -This blue sweater is too big for me .-Will you please show me a _ one?A. small B. smaller C. the smallest D. smallest17. Which does Jimmy like _, Chinese or Art?A. well B. best C. better D. much18. The Yangtze River is one of _ in the world.A. the longest river B. longest riversC. the longest rivers D. longer rivers19. _ of the two women is Mrs. Brown.A. The beautiful B. The more beautifulC. More beautiful D. The most beautiful20. How beautiful she sings! I have never heard _.A. the better voice B. a good voice C. the best voice D. a better voice21. You are fatter than _.A. he B. his C. him D. he is tall22. She is _ than me at drawings.A. better B. best C. good D. harder23. The _ you work, the _ points youll get in the exams.A. few; little B. fewer; fewer C. less; fewer D. less; less24. After the new manager came, this factory produced _ goods last year as in 1991.A. twice as many B. as twice many C. as many twice D. twice many as25. The pen is _ than that one.A. more cheap B. cheap C. much cheaper D. quite cheaper26. We are working in different companies, and he earns _ money as _.A. as three times; I B. so three times; meC. three times as; mine D. three times as much; I27. There are _ girls in Class Two than in Class Four.A. more B. nicest C. most D. best28. There are _ in the park on Sunday.A. more children B. a lot of people C. much men and women D. many peoples29. Who has _ apples now, Jim, Lily or Lucy?A. much B. biggest C. better D. the most30. This news is _ important than that one.A. little B. smaller C. fewer D. less. Fill in the blanks with the right forms of the adjectives.1. Jack isnt so _ (clever) as John.2. This picture is _ of the four. (beautiful)3. China is _ (large) country in Asia.4. Its _ (hot) today than yesterday.5. This park looks much _ (good) than that one.6. Tomorrow will be _ (wet) than today.7. I think these cookies are _ (delicious) than those ones.8. English is one of _ (interesting) subjects.9. This student is _ (careful) than any other student.10. Which is _ (easy), English, Chinese or maths?11. My mother is very _ (busy). She is _ in my family. (busy)12. A shark is much _ (strong) than a goldfish13. That piece of chicken is the _ (heavy) in the fridge.14. This glass is the _ (full) of all the glasses on the shelf.15. Tom is the _ (thin) boy in my class.Say in another way1. He is the tallest student in his class.He is _ _ _ _ student in his class.He is _ _ _ _ students in his class.2. His cakes are dearer than the twins cakes.His cake is _ _ of the three.3. This book is three times as thick as that one.The book is _ than that one.4. Unit 1 is not as difficult as Unit 6.Unit 1 is _ _ as Unit 6.Unit 6 is _ _ than Unit 1.Unit 6 is not _ _ as Unit 1.5. Shanghai is the largest city in China.Shanghai is larger than_ _ _ in China.Correct the mistakes:1. His computer is cheaper than I.2. Bill is taller than any boy in hi