新概念第二册lesson20.docx

Lesson 20 One man in a boat 【New words and expressions】(5) catch v. 抓到 vt. 捉住，逮住，捕获The police have caught the thief. vt. 抓住，握住Can you catch the ball? vt. 及时赶到，赶上catch a bus 赶车 catch的一些固定用法catch a cold 染上感冒catch ones breath 摒住呼吸catch sight of = see 看见catch fire 着火catch ones eyes 吸引某人注意力boot n. 靴子a pair of boots 一双靴子waste n. 浪费 n. 浪费 a waste of 浪费It is a waste of time/money/food/water. vt. 浪费You are wasting time.realize v. 意识到 v. 认识，知道，明白，意识到I went into the wrong room without realizing it. v. 实现(希望、目标、愿望等)realize ones dream 实现某人的梦想 使变为事实，使发生(常用于被动语态)This plan can never be realized.【课文讲解】1、Fishing is my favourite sport.fishing动名词，可以作主语或宾语fish n. 鱼(不可数名词)，鱼的种类(可数)There are a lot of fishes(表示种类)in the sea. v. 钓鱼, 捕鱼2、I often fish for hours without catching anything.for+时间 表示一段时间for hours=for some hours 数小时without catching anything作为状语而出现, 表示结果状语。without是介词，后面一定要加宾语, 动名词catching作without的宾语，without 后面的动作是主语来做的。动名词也有动词的特性，可以有自己的宾语。without通常表示“缺乏、没有”；当它位于动名词前时，表示“不曾、不” I cant repair the car without your help. They tried to leave the restaurant without paying.3、But this does not worry me.worry v. 烦恼，担扰worry sb. 某人为烦恼，担扰(作动词一定要加人作宾语, 翻译时从后往前翻，宾语担心)The house worried me. / My daughter worried me. adj. 担心be worried about 为担心 4、Instead of catching fish, they catch old boots and rubbish.instead of 我原准备做但是后来做了(instead of 后面的词一定是没有做的, 可以放在主句后面)without强调没有做某件事, instead of强调这件事没做成而做成了另外一件事副词instead“作为替代，反而”，单独使用时一般出现在句尾If you dont want a holiday in England, why dont you go to Australia instead?5、I am even less lucky. less是little的比较级，意为“不及，不如，更少” I spend less time on English than on French.less+原形 A is lessthan B A不如B 6、After having spent whole mornings on the river, I always go home with an empty bag.spend+时间+在某地 在某地度过时间after +从句 在之后after +名词/动词的ing形式 之后(从句主语必须是主句的主语时两种形式可互换)After I go to school, I learned a lot of knowledge. (用一般式表示一个事实, 不用 “went to” )After going to school, I learned a lot of knowledge.介词after的宾语的动名词having spent所表示的动作发生在谓语动词go之前，所以用完成形式。with an empty bag注意连读with sth. 有的，持有的，随身带着(状语)Whos the man with the beard?without sth. 没带 I always go home without angthing. 什么都没带回家7、You must give up fishing! my friends say.give up doing sth. = stop doing sth. 放弃做某事8、Im not really interested in fishing.be intersted in sth. / doing sth. 对感兴趣 【Key structures】动名词动词+ing作名词时称为动名词，它仍有动词的属性，可以接宾语，动名词可以代替名词做主语和宾语或介词宾语。1、动名词作主语2、动名词作宾语 3、利用介词/副词+动名词可以把两个句子连成一个句子apologize for (not) doing sth. 为什么事情而道歉I must apologize. I interrupted you. I must apologize for interrupting you. (for interrupting强调interrupt这个动词)I must apologize for having interrupted you.(for having interrupted强调interrupt这个动词先发生，强调时间 (having done) 以上两者为时间概念不同，意思相同 congratulate (sb.) on doing sth. 因祝贺(某人)动名词用表示完成时的having+过去分词结构往往强调动名词的动词发生在前面。4、跟动名词的短语be keen on doing sth.(热忠于),be fond of,be interested in,enjoy doing sth.，congratulations on doing sth. (祝贺)be afraid ofbe up to=be capable of (capable adj.有能力的, 能干的, 有可能的, 可以.的)可以带动名词的介词有：before，after，without，instead of等5、动名词的否定式是在它前面直接加not。Exercises C(用括号中的词来连接下列句子, 如需要可对原句进行必要的改动)2.She bought a pair of boots. (instead of) She did not get a pair of shoes.4.(After) She heard the news. She fainted.after+从句； after prep.+doing6.(On) I saw the plane coming towards me. I dashed for coveron (prep.)+doing 一就(两个动作必须是同一个人)as soon as 一就the moment +从句 一就以上两个主语不一定是同一个人【Special Difficulties】 Interested and Interesting. Excited and Exciting.大多数现在分词和许多过去分词都可以作形容词用。以-ed结尾的形容词常与人称主语连用，表示人的情绪、状态、喜好等；以-ing结尾的形容词则常与非人称主语连用，表事物的某种特征、性质等。Fishing is not interesting. I am not interested in it. Realize and Understandrealize vt. 意识到He didnt realize that he had made a mistake. understand vt. 明白I dont understand English. Exercises(选择正确的词填空)3.There was some (excited) (exciting) news on the radio. exciting newson the radio 在广播上I got news on the radio/on TV/on the telephone/on the line(在线，在电话里). 5.He is an explorer. He leads an (excited) (exciting) life. an exciting life explorer n.探险家, 探测者, 探测器lead a life 过着日子lead a happy life【Multiple choice questions】6 His bag is empty. He has _b_ .a.a empty bag b.an empty bag c.empty bagd.one empty bagan指一个, 强调名词；one一个,强调数量I sent a letter. (强调信)I wrote one word. (强调一个字)His bag is empty. 强调包是空的而不是一个空包。7 I am only interested in doing nothing. Thats _c_ Im interested in. a.only b.the one c.all d.the only (thats/the) only 一般加名词that+从句, 从句往往以特殊疑问词引导thats why；thats whenthats all 那就是一切 Thats all I can rememb