英美文化资料.doc

一、Abstract Many cultures inhibit the world around us. Who we are and the personalities we develop are often shaped by the upbringing we had, the experiences we had, and the individual we are to start with. Some cultures learn how to live side-by-side and embracing other neighboring beliefs, traditions, and language. Though to be an American is to embrace the English language and all it has to offer. Being America is the home to many people from many cultures; English is the chosen language, in the many forms that our different heritages generate. American Culture and The English Language Growing up in the United States, how could one not write about a culture so diversified? One could write about many different cultures around the world; though the United States contains a variety of cultures not alienated from each other, rather they are a part of the big mixing bowl of cultures that make up the American culture. Living among each other are Native Americans, African Americans, Muslims, Indian, Italians, Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Amish, and not to forgetting the Hawaiian Islands and its people. The United States is so diverse; it really depends on where an individual grows up in the land of independence and the systems of beliefs that determines the shape of any individuals personality. Being the educational system usually integrates a mixture of cultures in one classroom, teaches the same curriculum and share in the same activities, the American culture has emerged over the generations. The typical American boy and girl go through life changes together; completing much of the same pattern, though religious beliefs do cause variances. For the most part, children enter the education system around four or five years old. Growing up in the educational system, children develop hobbies, sports,.二、中国80后一代眼中的美国文化和中国文化 Abstract The wave of globalization has been shaking every nook and cranny of the world. Peoples ways of thinking and activities have changed a lot as the speed of this wave run fast. And then our traditional moral and routine have been lashed fiercely, however, the moral system complying with this wave has not been set up, which leads the disruption in our society. Especially the Y Generation, born after 1980s, takes it directly and blindly before we acknowledge it profoundly. Their activities make Chinese culture and national spirit become “periphery”. At the time they globalized, the Y Generation does not care of in the core of Chinese culture.Copying foreigners without any choices lashed Chinese weak cultural activities and phenomenon. It is not enough to have prosperous economy to keep Chinese culture and national spirit exist in the forests of the world nation; meanwhile, the Y Generation should make Chinese culture and national spirit run leading position in the world.In a word, they should be under the situation, choosing essences and abandoning dross. Introduction The Y Generation enters the time of globalization. As the most active group at present, the Y generation young men receive the tendency positively, even if some do not know what the real meaning is. Especially American cultures, they bring them barely no matter what is useful or not. The generation gives up Chinese excellent family heirlooms and national spirits in pursuit of fashion and sense of fresh.When mentioning globalization, people can think about economy easily. However, different cultures intagrate nowdays. What leads to such result is that the Y Generations ideas are globalized, however, the wordglobalization is neutral without any faults.Clash of cultures makes people think more about the survival of Chinese culture. The glorious and arduous task is loaded on the Y Generations shoulders.Undoubtedly, as the positive part, the Y generation can not copy directly but must learn to magnify Chinese culture, choose essences and abandon dross.三、浅析中美家庭教育的差异 Children are the hope of a nation, and family education is the elementary education for children. Many serious problems have appeared in our education system in recent years. Almost everyone has realized the importance of solving these problems and many people have presented a lot of valuable suggestions. There are many types of family education in the world and each of them shows distinctive features and is closely responsive to its culture. And American family education is the most famous one among them. There are great differences in the concepts of education, methods of education and results of education between American family education and Chinese family education. This paper will analyze those differences from the three aspects, and will mainly analyze of the differences on cultivating childrens independence, interests, creativity, psychological health, fame and the relationship with their parents between the two kinds of family education. The author hopes to find a satisfied family education method through comparing the differences between American family education and Chinese family education. At the same time, the author hopes this paper can provide some helpful suggestions for family education.四、Essay on Trends In American Culture Current trends influence our culture as a whole because they pave the way for new ways of expression and thinking. With growth and new views in Social, political, religious, personal and artistic trends the influence on how we live our lives is amazing. Trends are transient, therefore pop culture and trends in America are ever-changing, as are we individually. American culture has evolved immensely over the last 40 years. So many things that are acceptable now, would have never been considered in the past. Some of the fads die out, while trends continue . Trends touch people across all walks of life. It is my opinion that the Americas trends influence the arts as well as, the lifestyles of everyone in the world. I personally depend on TV, News, and Internet to find out whats hot or not. Because technology is so transient our means of communication and expression has also evolved over the last decades. Current social trends include the craze for plastic surgery, celebrity gossip, reality shows, and social networking sites like MySpace to create friendships. Trends depend on our fast-changing information and technology era to grow, and make it past the fad stage. From the clothes we wear to the music we listen to, they are trends that come and go, and influence us all through our media. M was started in July, 2003 for the purpose of social networking. Friends who want to talk online, single people who want to meet other singles, families that want to keep in touch, classmates, artists, and business people can all benefit from the use of . (2009, C. Rose, MSNBC) “So really, MySpace is a social portal. And many people think that its just a social network, where you go on there and talk to your friends, but its really about discovery. And its about discovering people, content and culture.” The thing about social networking online is that 10 years ago if people used to internet to make relationships they would be considered to be a “Loaner.”.五、Essay on Mobilization Of American Culture 动员美国文化 America is often set apart from other countries because of how mobile we are, and how much we undertake on a daily basis. But to keep this active lifestyle we enjoy, everyday inconveniences like meal preparation, grocery store checkout, and tolls are easily accessible so we spend as little time as possible concerning ourselves with them. The change from family style sit down restaurants to fast food restaurants show family values have taken a back seat to parents careers and other activities in todays society. Dinner is no longer an all day endeavor for mom, but an inconvenience parents must deal with after a stressful day at the office. With the state of todays economy, it usually takes two incomes to support a household, as opposed to one income during our parents generation. Now that mothers play a large part in the workforce, they have less time to prepare meals for their families. To meet this need, deli companies like Boars Head and Oscar Myer make prepackaged deli meats so shoppers dont have to wait on long deli lines. Lunchables have taken pre-packed lunches one-step further. A container of Lunchables has meat, cheese, crackers, a snack and drink conveniently packaged for a childs lunch. Picking up a box of Lunchables from the deli section of the grocery store is much easier than a parent buying deli meat, bread, condiments, then taking it all home to make a sandwich. When it comes to dinner, working parents barely have time to prepare anything if they both get off of work at 5 p.m., so they turn to fast food restaurants or other quick options. Sixty percent of women in the work force eat out with their families one or more times a week (Mauricio). The drive-thrus are so appealing to the working household because there are a wide variety of options, and theyre cheap, quick and convenient. In addition to eating out, families turn to frozen dinner options that are easily microwaveable. Products like “Uncle Bens Ready Rice” are popular because the. 六、英美文化差异 British and American Culture Most learners of English around the world will learn a little about Britain and/or America while they are studying. But what do people really know about the culture of these two countries? Do British and American people share the same culture, or are they totally different? I think the single biggest difference is that Britain is a very very old country whereas the US its a very new country. I think theyre probably more forward thinking than we are, more forward looking we are quite backward thinking people. Americans are probably more forward thinking by which he means they look to the future more. What I see more of now is subtle differences that are distinct but not as blatant differences as I saw when I lived here in the 80s. What I see are differences primarily in attitudes theres much more of a remnant of a class system in the UK we have classes in the US but its primarily more socio-economic as opposed to classes in the UK about history or where youre from, what your background is. Jo: Jeff says now theres distinct subtle differences between American and British culture. Distinct. Remnants of a class system. There are classes in the UK. And finally what about the difference in character between theerence in character between the British and the Americans? Lets look at some of the language first tend to,Oliver: 当英国人用 tend to 的时候，表示通常是什么样子或者通常做什么事情。British people tend to be 他们本来的样子。 Jo: To blow your own trumpet. Oliver: 这可是一个非常有用的成语。字面上讲是吹响自己的喇叭的意思，实际的意思是自吹自擂。自我吹嘘。 Jo: Bad manners. Oliver: 不礼貌、坏习惯。 Jo: To promote. Oliver: 抬高、拔高和 to promote oneself 在这里都有同样的意思那就是猛说自己的好。 Jo: Youll hear the word upfront.Oliver: 在前面 Jo: Forthright. Oliver: 直率的。 Jo: Sarcasm and sarcastic.Oliver: Sarcasm 是个名词，意思是挖苦、讽刺，sarcastic 是形容词，讽刺的。We tend not to blow our own trumpets we think its bad manners to promoteoneself, whereas in the US, thats a good quality, a positive quality.I think Americans are louder, more upfront, less understanding of sarcasm;whereas Brits tend to be more subtle, tend to be less forthright and their humouris a little bit more sarcasticWhereas 相反的 Subtle 敏感的、微妙的 Distinct 明显的 Blatant 招摇的Primarily 首先的，主要的 Remnants 残存的 Class system (classes) 等级制度 Socio-economic 社会经济的 As opposed to 与之相反的 To blow your own trumpet 自吹自擂 Upfront 前面的 Forthright 直率的 Sarcasm 讽刺、挖苦 Sarcastic 讽刺的 七、The United States, like other countries has its rich and poor people , its rich and poor neighborhoods.Americans love - and many are themselves living examples of-the self-made man. You will hear this expression often. But for every person who is successful. They are usually better educated tan their parents and therefore more likely to have good, well- paid jobs.In addition to the fact that the United States includes people whose families originally came from many other parts of the world , Americans move across the nation in great numbers. One study reported that one of every five families in the United States moves every three years. This continuous mixing of people into new communities is an important observation to consider when trying to understand the meaning of class in America. We have already discussed the question. do-it -yourself American personality that is another important consideration. In many countries, a mans social class is determined at birth. That is his social class or position is shared with his family, ?his wider group of relatives . In the United States position in society is , to a large degree, personal rather than related to family or group.Before World War Two, family ties were more important than they are now . Uncles, aunts grandparents , and children vacationed together, spent holidays together, and saw much of each other. But as the American economy developed more rapidly after the war, social customs began to change. With the rapidly growing economy, there were new employment opportunities, many of them in scientific fields. These opportunities were often located in other parts of the country. The younger members of many families who were well educated began to move away from the towns where their families lived to tale these new jobs. As these young people became successful, they often moved into a new social stratum 1, consisting of others who, like themselves ,moved away from home to follow job opportunities. These same changes are already happening in most new countries around the world. Today a man who can read or fix a machine may become the new leader of his community in place of an older person. Often youngpeople can better understand the new sciences and modern skills ; as these young people learn and advance , their wages rise and they become increasingly successful. Frequently it is just one member of a family that becomes very successful. Other members continue working at their average jobs and salaries, without much chance of becoming as successful as the son or daughter. When this happens，people sometimes become separated from their family. Many return to visit, but others move away never to return to their relatives and old friends. To many people , success means having more power than one possessed before . It can be won through skill, knowledge , leadership, or sometimes just by hard work .In America, success has normally been accompanied by an increase in wealth. As a result , an individual s social position is determined both by a persons job and by the kinds of possessions he owns .As we said，however, young people are in the process of developing different values and different ways to measure success. 1 stratumn. 地 地层, 生(组织的)层, 社会阶层八、 The Anglo-American students on the importance of business English training and cultural awareness _ _ net draft documents to write the thesis networkChinas need for economic development of a growing number of English and knowledge of the English-speaking countries includes only the complexities of business skills and cultural communication skills and Anglo-American culture against culture-for students in institutions of higher education business learning English is especially important . Therefore, students should learn in class in the classes of the Anglo-American culture and related business and cultural content, to make their own intercultural communication skills continue to improve for the future workplace in the sails of commerce and lay a solid foundation. With the reform and opening, Chinas economy has been an unprecedented leaps and bounds, coupled with the deepening global economic integration, cross-border trade more frequently, therefore, not only my? Quarrel business acquaintances, but also have strong communication skills in English of the compound type of business becomes more and more trade is hot in this context, the majority of universities have set up this profession in English and many training institutions in society also began to engage in the business services training in English, together to address Chinas trade and economic development in the demand for talent. This is certainly rewarding, but many business English university grad? My work in the foot after surgery, although their business knowledge and communication skills in English are excellent, but in the process real cross-border trade, or will encounter some communication difficulties, cultural differences, mainly caused by problems that sometimes impede the progress of trade, require measures to be addressed. First, the relationship between culture and language Culture is a social form, the existence of this form as a nation or a countrys development had a profound impact. Language is the most important source of cultures, language is an important part of culture. Therefore, any language in the formation and evolution are included with the cultural factors of the country, and cultural development will be driven by the development of language, so to successfully use language to communicate, for my? Sort of language four kinds of basic skills is not enough, I also need? sorting the language associated with cultural, reality in the corresponding language of culture, the ability to form cross-cultural communication, verbal communication with the aim of increase the likelihood of successful weight. Traditional teaching English, are the four basic language skills: listening, speaking, reading and writing placed in the most prominent, the largest item on the curriculum to develop basic skills in English accounted for a significant proportion of this program so that stu