专业英语-结晶学与矿物学.doc

Massive 块状 Botryoidal 葡萄状 Reniform 肾状 Oolitic 鲕状 Pisolitic 豆状 Stalactitic 钟乳状 Crusty 皮壳状 Nodular 结核状 Dendritic 树枝状 Banded 条带状 Isometric System 等轴晶系(=Cubic System) Trigonal System 三方晶系 Tetragonal System 四方晶系 Hexagonal System 六方晶系 Orthorhombic System 斜方晶系(正交晶系) Monoclinic System 单斜晶系 Triclinic System 三斜晶系 1. Feldspar（长石）comprises the bulk (approximately 65% by weight) of the Earths crust. Feldspar has two directions of imperfect cleavage at or nearly at 90and a hardness of about 6. 2. Quartz（石英）is another most common rock-forming mineral, accounting for ca. 15% of the Earths continental crust by weight. Quartz has no cleavage but a conchoidal fracture. 3. Mica（云母）(primarily the minerals muscovite and biotite) is translucent to black (felsic to mafic), with one direction of perfect cleavage, making up about 8% of the crust by weight. 4. Pyroxene（辉石）is green to black, nearly opaque, with cleavages at approximately 90and a hardness of 56. About 11% of the volume of the crust is contributed by pyroxene. 5. Amphibole（角闪石）mostly occurs as dark green, long, slender crystals with 2 directions of cleavage at 56and 124. The most common member of the amphibole family is hornblende. 6. Olivine（橄榄石）is another ferromagnesian silicate having a very high crystallization temperature. Olivine has no cleavage planes and is olive green to black in color. Gold Euld自然金 Silver 5silvEr自然银 Copper 5kCpEr自然铜 Platinum 5plAtinEm自然铂 Osmium 5CzmiEm自然锇 Bismuth 5bizmEW自然铋 Sulfur 5sQlfEr自然硫 Diamond 5daiEmEnd金刚石 Graphite 5rAfait石墨Chalcocite5kAlkEsait辉铜矿Argentite5B:dVEntait辉银矿 Sphalerite5sfAlErait闪锌矿GalenaE5li:nE方铅矿Cinnabar5sinEbB:r辰砂Chalcopyrite7kAlkE5paiErait黄铜矿 Stannite5stAnait黝锡矿 Bornite5bC:nait斑铜矿Niccolite5nikElait红砷镍矿 Pyrrhotite5piErEutait磁黄铁矿Stibnite5stibnait辉锑矿Bismuthinite7bizmE5Wainait辉铋矿MolybdenitemE5libdEnait辉钼矿Orpiment5C:pimEnt雌黄Realgarri5AlEr雄黄Tetrahedrite7tetrE5hi:drait黝铜矿 Pyrite5paIEraIt黄铁矿Marcasite5mB:kEsait白铁矿 Cobaltite5kEJbR:ltait辉砷钴矿 Arsenopyrite7B:sinEu5pairait毒砂CovellitekEJ5velait铜蓝 Proustite5pru:stait淡红(硫砷)银矿 Pyrargyritepai5rB:dVirait深红(硫锑)银矿 Cuprite5kju:prait赤铜矿 CorundumkE5rQndEm刚玉Hematite5hemEtait赤铁矿Ilmenite5ilminait钛铁矿Bismite5bizmait铋华 ArsenoliteB:5senEulait砷华 Valentinite5vAlEntinait锑华 Rutile5rU:tail金红石CassiteritekE5sitErait锡石Pyrolusite7paiErEu5lu:sait软锰矿 -Quartz5Alfa-kwC:ts低温石英 -Quartz5beita-kwC:ts高温石英Tridymite5traidEmait鳞石英Coesite5kEusait柯石英Stishovite5stiFE7vait斯石英/超石英Cristobalitekris5tEubElait方英石UraninitejuE5rAninait沥青(晶质)铀矿Opal5EupEl蛋白石/欧泊PerovskitepE5rCvz7kait钙钛矿 Spinelspi5nel; 5spinEl尖晶石Chromite5krEumait铬铁矿Magnetite5mAnitait磁铁矿Wolframite5wulfrEmait黑钨矿Tantalite5tAntElait钽铁矿 ColumbitekE5lQmbait铌铁矿 Fergusonite5fE:EsEnait褐钇铌矿 Formanite5fC:mAnait黄钇钽矿 Brucite5bru:sait水镁石 Diaspore5daiE5spC:硬水铝石 Goethite5EuWait针铁矿Lepidocrocite7lepidEu5krEusait纤铁矿 Limonite5laimE7nait褐铁矿Manganite5mANEnait水锰矿 Psilomelanesai5lCmilein硬锰矿Zircon5zE:rkCn锆石 Olivine5Clivi:n橄榄石Garnet5B:rnit石榴子石Almandine5AlmEndi:n铁铝榴石Pyrope5pairEup镁铝榴石Grossular5rCsju:lEr钙铝榴石Staurolite5stC:rElait十字石Andalusite7AndE5lu:sait红柱石 Kyanite5kaiE7nait蓝晶石Topaz5tEupAz黄玉 Sphenesfi:n/Titanite5taitE7nait榍石Hemimorphite7hemi5mC:fait异极矿 Vesuvianitevi5su:vjEnait符山石Beryl5beril绿柱石Epidote5epidEut绿帘石Cordierite5kC:diErait堇青石Tourmaline5tuEmEli:n电气石Pyroxenepai5rCksi:n辉石 Enstatite5enstEtait顽火辉石Bronzite5brCnzait古铜辉石Hypersthene5haipE:sWi:n紫苏辉石Ferrohypersthene7ferE5haipE:sWi:n铁紫苏辉石 Orthoferrosilite5C:WE7ferEusilait斜方铁辉石Eulite5ju:lait易熔辉石 Diopsidedai5Cpsaid透辉石Augite5C:dVait普通辉石Spodumene5spCdju7mi:n锂辉石Rhodonite5rEudEnait蔷薇辉石Jadeite5dVeidait硬玉Aegirine5i:dVEri:n霓石 Wollastonite5wulEstEnait硅灰石 Amphibole5AmfibEul角闪石 Tremolite5tremElait透闪石ActinoliteAk5tinEu7lait阳起石Nephrite5nefrait软玉 Hornblende5hC:nblend普通角闪石 Glaucophane5lC:kE7fein蓝闪石 Sillimanite5silimEnait矽(硅)线石TalctAlk滑石 Pyrophyllite7pairEu5filait叶蜡石 Mica5maIkE云母 Muscovite5mQskEvait白云母 Biotite5baiEtait 黑云母 Phlogopite5flCEpait金云母 Lepidolite5lepidE7lait锂云母 Illite5ilait伊利石VermiculitevE:5mikjulait蛭石 Glauconite5lC:kEnait海绿石 Chlorite5klC:rait绿泥石 Kaolinite5keiElinait高岭石 Serpentine5sE:pEntain蛇纹石 AsbestosAz5 bestRs石棉 Montmorillonite7mCntmE5rilE7nait蒙托石 Prehnite5preinait葡萄石Feldspar5feldspB:长石 Potassium feldsparpE5tAsiEm 钾长石Sanidine5sAni7di:n透长石 Orthoclase5C:WEukleis正长石Microcline5maikrEJklain微斜长石Plagioclase5pleidViEukleis斜长石 Albite5Albait钠长石AnorthiteE5nC:Wait钙长石Nepheline5nefIlIn霞石 Leucite5lu:sait白榴石Hsianghualite 香花石Scapolite5skApElait方柱石 Zeolite5zi:Elait沸石 Calcite5kAlsait方解石 Dolomite5dClEmait白云石AragoniteE5rAEnait文石Magnesite5mAnEsait菱镁矿Siderite5sidE7rait菱铁矿Rhodochrosite7rEudE5krEusait菱锰矿Smithsonite5smiWsE7nait菱锌矿Strontianite5strCnFiEnaIt菱锶矿 CerussitesE5rusait白铅矿 Azurite5AVErait蓝铜矿Malachite5mAlEkait孔雀石Barite5bZErait重晶石Celestite5selistait天青石 Anglesite5ANlsaIt硫酸铅矿/铅矾 Gypsum5dVipsEm石膏AnhydriteAn5haidrait硬石膏Mirabilitemi5rAbilait芒硝Alunite5Aljunait明矾石 Jarosite5dVArE7sait黄钾铁矾 ChalcanthitekAl5kAnWait胆矾 Nitratine5naitrEtain钠硝石Borax5bC:rAks硼砂 Boracite5bC:rE7sait方硼石 Ascharite5AskErait硼镁石 Monazite5