英语专升本复习资料.doc

主谓一致Not only , but alsoNot only the manager but also the wokers object to the plan.名词复数加S动词复数不加S动词单三才加S/ES等倒装否定词放在句首，句子进行部分倒装，即助动词提前Not only did he attend the English class, but also he attended the computer class.Either orNeither nor1. Neither I nor he has been to the Great Wall of China.2. Either you in person or your representative attends the meeting.当主语后面由as well as 等引导的词组时，这些词组包括：rather than(而不是), with, together with, along with, in addition to（除了）Man, with the lower forms of life, (be)_ the product of the evolution.练习1. neither the clerks nor the manager (know)_ anything about the accident now.2. Dr. Richard, together with his wife and three children, (be)_ to arrive in Beijing this afternoon.3. both of the twin brothers (be) _ capable of doing technical work at present.4. each of the children _ (be) quite capable of looking after the baby.谚语：Each coin has two sides.虚拟语气：If 过去时，would doIf 过去完成时， would have doneIf there were no air, we should not live on earth.If it had not been for your help, he would not have succeed.u 省略IF的虚拟语气If可以省略，将had, were 或should 提前。其中，should 提前的情况很少。例如：Were he to leave today, he would get there u 混合时态的虚拟语气If you had followed my advice(in the past), you would be leading a happy life(now).u With, without, but for, under引导的虚拟语气1. But for the common ground, they wouldnt have reached the agreement so easily.2. without the storm, they should have arrived much earlier.3. under such circumstances, I would probably have done the same.u But 引导的虚拟语气I ought to have bought a gift for you, but I was too busy to do that.u 宾语从句中的虚拟语气引导词有：ask, advise, argue, arrange, determine, decide, command, insist, intend, move, prefer, propose, order, recommend, request, require, suggest, urge, demand, desire, direct等等。谓语动词用should+V原形，should 可以省略。例如：1. He demanded that he _(give) the right to express his opinion.2. the committee members propose that the plan _ (be)postponed for a few days.3. Jacks father suggested that Jack _ in London for a few more days.A. would stay B. stayC. had stayed D. stayedu 主语从句中的虚拟语气引导词：advisable, appropriate, best, better, crucial, desirable, essential, imperative, important, insistent, keen, natural, necessary, possible, preferable, probable, ridiculous, strange, urgent, vital等。谓语动词用should+V原形，should 可以省略。It is important that we (should)learn/study English hard.(That we learn/study English hard) is important.(What he said) was important.例如：1. it is desired that we (should) preview our lesson before class.u 表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气引导词：resolution, pray, decision, motion, suggestion, preference, proposal, advice, recommendation, desire, demand, requirement, order, necessity, request, idea例如：1. The manager gave orders that the new employees (should) attend a special night class.翻译成的，下面是定语从句I like the girl (who is in red.)u Wish, would rather/would sooner, might as well, would prefer，if only从句中有现在的时间状语，或者没有时间状语，或者有将来的时间状语，一般从句的谓语动词用过去式；从句中有过去的时间状语，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。现在时间状语没有时间状语将来时间状语从句谓语动词过去式过去的时间状语从句谓语动词过去完成时1. Id rather (that) you didnt take those important papers with you.2. Id rather (that) you hadnt taken that exam yesterday.3. I wish Mary could go swimming with us tomorrow.4. He wishes that he had studied English in high school.5. I wish it were true.6. if only I had read the books on the reading list before I attended the lecture.与only if(只有)的区别：例如：Only if you have worked hard at English, can you learn it well.Only in this way can we create a harmonious and prosperous society.u It is (high/ about) time 从句谓语动词用过去式例如：It is high time that they were off.u In case（以防）/ lest （以免）/ for fear that（唯恐）从句接should +V原形例如：1. the little girl wrapped herself up for fear that she should catch cold.2. she is working hard lest she should fail to pass the exam.3. he took his raincoat with him in case it should rain.练习1. If the doctor had been available, the child _.A. Would not dieB. Would not have diedC. Could not dieD. Should not have died2. it is necessary that this machine tool _ every day.A. must be oiledB. be oiledC. is oiledD. is to be oiled3. Id rather you _ so much money with you.A. didnt takeB. dont takeC. not to takeD. havent take4. your suggestion that she _ till next week is reasonable.A. will waitB. shall waitC. waitD. waits5. he asked him to take a map with him, lest he _ himself in the forest.A. lostB. would loseC. should loseD. loses6. if you had got there a bit earlier, you _ got a better seat.A. mayB. had toC. should D. might have7. the roommate waked me up and said, “its high time we _”A. get upB. got upC. had got upD. will get up8. its not advisable that Tim _ to the job, because he has no relative experience.A. has been assignedB. will be assignedC. be assignedD. is assigned9. _ here before I leave tomorrow, we should enjoy ourselves at the party.A. Had they arrivedB. Would they arriveC. Were they to arriveD. Were they arriving10. I wish I _ to the movie with you last night.A. wentB. could goC. can have goneD. had gone11. experiments demand that accurate measurements _.A. be madeB. is madeC. were to madeD. should make12. its imperative that the students _ writing their papers before July 1st.A. finish B. must finish C. are to finish D. will finish13. Mikes uncle insists _ in this hotel.A. staying not B. not to stayC. that he would not stay D. that he not stay14. “you finally made it, didnt you?” “yes, _ your help, I would not have succeeded.”A. but that B. but forC. but if D. thanks to倒装So(肯定), neither（否定）, nor（否定）例如：He takes an active part in social work and so does every one of us.Every one of us takes an active part in social workWood cant conduct electricity, nor can glass.He didnt go to the library yesterday, neither did she.注意：So有时只是对前一个人观点表示肯定时，不用倒装。例如：Smith wants to complete the important task. So he does.让步状语从句中的倒装As和though引导例如：Young as he is, he knows a lot about everything around him.Child though he is, he is an expert in computer.Only引导的倒装例如：Only in this way can we learn English well quickly.否定词引起的倒装：Never, seldom, rarely, little, scarcely, hardly, nowhere, not until等否定短语引起的倒装：In no case, by no means, at no time, under no circumstances, on no account/ consideration.否定关联的短语：Hardly/ scarcely/ barely whenNo soonerthan到达山顶，坐过去完成时，过去时Not only， but also例如：No sooner had we reached the top of the hill than we all sat down to have a rest.Never have I heard of such a silly thing.At no time and under no circumstances will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.Not only does she have a first class brain, but she is also a very hard worker.(教材上例句错误)Not only has she had(现在完成时，正常应该是：she has had) a first class brain, but she is also a very hard worker.Not only had she had(过去完成时，正常应该是：she had had ) a first class brain, but she was also a very hard worker.the more , the more句型例如：The harder you study, the better results you can get.You study harder, you can get better results. The more harder you study, the more better results you can get.Beautiful, wonderful情态动词may引起的倒装例如：Long may you live. May you succeed. Long live the king.宾语从句中的倒装例如：I dont know where I should get off.so 和such引起的倒装例如：so little did I know about physics that the lecture was completely beyond me. Such was the earthquake that the city was completely destroyed.倒装练习：1、 Since Dick was busy, he rarely had time to go to the cinema; _.A. Jane did too.B. Jane didnt as well.C. So did Jane.D. Nor did Jane2、 So _ after she learned the good news that she could hardly fall asleep that night.A. excited the mother wasB. was the mother excitedC. the mother was excitedD. excited was the mother3、 Not for a moment _ the truth of your explanation about the event.A. we have doubtedB. did we doubtC. we had doubtedD. doubted we4、 So loudly _ that people could hear it out in the street.A. did the students play the music.B. the student playing the musicC. the students played the musicD. have the students played the music5、 Not until quite recently _ any idea of what a guided rocket is like.A. did i haveB. do i haveC. should i haveD. would i have6、 Not until I began to work _ how much time I had wasted.A. have i realizedB. i have realizedC. did i realizeD. i realized7、 _ got in the wheat than it began to rain heavily.A. No sooner have theyB. No sooner had theyC. No sooner they haveD. No sooner they had8、 Not until all fish died in the river _ how serious the pollution was.A. did the government realizeB. the government realizedC. the government did realizeD. had the government realized9、 Little _ that the police are about to arrest him.A. he knowsB. he doesnt knowC. does he knowD. doesnt he know10、 So loudly _ that the audience in the back heard him clearly.A. does he speakB. did he speakC. he speaksD. he spoke11、 Seldom _ my boss in such good mood since I came to work in this company.A. i sawB. i have been C. have i seen D. do i see2011.9.23复习练习题：1. if I were you, I (accept)_ the job.2. if they were here tomorrow, the problem (solve) _.3. luckily I was wearing a seat belt. If i hadnt been wearing one, I (injure)_4. were it for their help, we (not overcome) _ the difficulties.5. if we hadnt got everything ready by now, we (have) _ a terrible time tomorrow.6. he works with such enthusiasm as if he never (know) _ fatigue(疲惫)7. he wouldnt have been saved even if he (send) _ to hospital at once.8. if only I (take)_ your advice at that time.9. we wish that people everywhere (show) _ more concern for the environment around them.10. modern business and industry demand that every manager (know) _ much about economic management.11. it is desired that this rule (obey) _by everyone working here.By经常与被动连用，被动的结构be + Ved12. it is high time that you (learn) _ English and computer well.13. I would rather that Mr. Williams (make) _ the speech at the conference instead of the dean that day.14. he would sooner you (not see) _ him any more in the future.定语从句who/ whom例句：a good book is a best friend who never turns his back upon youWhose= s例句：the men whose houses were damaged will be compensated.The book( whose cover is red) is mine只能用that的情况先行词为all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词例如：please tell me anything that you know about the matter先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时例如：its the best film that I have ever seenThat was the first steamship that crossed the Atlantic先行词被no, every, same, any, only, very, much 等限定词修饰时例如：that is the very student that I have been looking forA fool sees not the same tree that a wise man sees.当并列的两个先行词分别表示人和物时例如：they are talking about the teachers and schools that they have visited.when例如：Ill always remember the day when(on which) I went to college On the daywhere例如：I know a wood where ( in which) you can see many small birds. In the woodThis is the city _ I live. Where/in whichwhy例如：can you tell me the reason why you should be interested in his affairs?assuch as， the same as,例如：I drew the same conclusion as they did.14as is well known; as is often the case, as may be imagined,as often happens, as has been said before; as has been pointed out; as is hoped, as is natural, as is supposed,as is the custom with, as is anticipated, as is usual with somebody, as will be shown in例如：as might be expected, John was admitted to Harvard University.介词+关系代词例如：this is the room in which Chairman Mao once livedThe person with whom you talked is a famous professor from Beijing University. Our university has several reading-rooms, the largest of which was built last August.It rained all night and day, during which time the ship broke into pieces.再订书的同学和陈思老师联系习题：1. the old couple _ live next to us have four grandchildren.2. I can never forget the day _ I got the first prize in the competition.3. the garden of his house has a lawn, _ is very pleasant to sit on in summer.4. The fish are multi-colored, the biggest of _ is only 2 cm long.5. there have been complaints about the noise from the people _ live in the flats.6. A chat show is a TV program in _ famous people are asked questions about their lives and work.7. The child _ parents died in the air crash is living with his aunt now.8. Tom and his family are going to a French restaurant _ they had dinner a week ago.9. I have explained everything _ I can to you.10. the audience, most of _ were students, enjoyed the performance very much.改错：1. A small amount of money was all which was taken in the robbery.2. We received an offer of RMB320 000 for the house, that we accepted.3. He has two sisters, neither of who went to university.4. The beach is the place which I most like to go in summer.5. He talked cheerfully about the film and the actress who interested him.6. There was little which could be done for the injured man.7. The reason (which he rejected our plan) is (that he had no faith in it.)8. That is the player on that we all rely.9. They tried to think of a plan by that they could fulfill their task ahead of time.定语从句在作文中的应用：1. 这就是车祸发生的地点。This is the place where the traffic accident took place/ happened.2. （他对国家做出的）贡献将永远不被人们遗忘。Contribution will not People will not forget the contribution which/ that he made to the country.3. 我想见一见(提出这项有价值建议的)员工。I want to/would like to see the employee/ staff who has offered/ put forward the valuable suggestionc.4. 他把房子卖了，这让他妻子很生气。He sold the house, so his wife was angry.He sold the house, which made his wife angry.1. This is the place where the traffic accident occurred.2. The contributions that he has made to the country will never be forgotten.3. Id like to see the employee who has put forward the valuable suggestion.4. he sold the house, which annoyed his wife.主 系 表She is kind.主 谓 宾I love you.谓语动词的变形：“be +Ving”“be + Ved”非谓语动词：1. to do 2. Ving3. VedThe bridge to be built next year will be great. (build)The bridge built last year is bad.The girl calling her boyfriend is my younger sister.n 主语从句和强调句型的比较强调句型It was because he was ill that he didnt come to the classIt is the party that has been leading us from victory to victory主语从句It is a well-known fact that the moon has no light of its own.(that the moon has no light of its own) is a well-known factIt is well-known that there is no air in space(that there is no air in space ) is well-known(What he said) was useful.备注：强调句型是将it be和that划掉之后，整个句子依然是完整的；而主语从句则不然。n 表语从句句型结构：主语+be/系动词（be, look, remain, seem等）+表语从句例如：the question remains whether we can win the majority of the people. minorityThe question is why they took French leave(不辞而别)n 同位语从句引导词：通常that引导，在句中不充当任何成分，从句主要对其前名词作解释说明。特殊词：fact, news, idea, hope, conclusion, evidence, problem, understanding, belief, suggestion, order, answer, decision, discovery, explanation, information, truth, statement, rule, report, promise, knowledge例如：his explanation that he had been held up by the traffic did not seem plausible(可能的).n 非谓语动词非谓语动词分为三种：不定式，现在分词和过去分词。即，不能做谓语。例如：1. He is reading a book called The Way of All Flesh(众生之路维多利亚小说).2. Engines are machines producing power of motion.3. Youd better not wake up the sleeping baby.4. She wants to buy a ready-made dress.5. A lost opportunity never returns.6. There are twenty people injured in the accident.7. The language spoken in that African country is French.8. He thought something exciting had happened.9. Many products made from crude oil(原油) are now in daily use.10. Animals can do many amazing things when (animals are) properly .11. when asked about their secrets, the students laughed.练习题：1. There are a lot of fans _ (hope) for a glimpse of the movie star.2. The tourist _ (look at) the map is a relative of my father.3. People _ (live) in cities can enjoy more of modern life.4. Here is a notice _ (warn) people not to litter the beach.5. Computers _ (import) from abroad are usually more expensive.6. People _ (wish) to go on the tour have to book in advance.7. Do you hear a man _ (talk with) your brother in the living room?8. Those houses _ (pull down) were built thirty years ago.9. The devices _ (use) by advertisers to gain peoples attention seem to be effective.10. Most of the people _ (invite) to the reception are old friends of mine.动词后直接加to do 的单词：Neglect, agree, bother, decline, refuse, offer, promise, choose, decide, determine, attempt, intend, manage, fail, ask, hope, want, expect, long, wish, tend, desire, seek, claim, plan, pretend, volunteer, prepare, afford, arrange, appear, hesitate, threaten, resolve, venture, hasten, proceed, happen, endeavor动词后需要加sb，再接to do的单词：Ask, invite, press, beg, want, encourage, instruct, remind, command, warn, urge, allow, advise, int