人教版八年级上册第8单元英语知识点.doc

Unit 8 How was your school trip ?【重要词汇详解】1. prize /praIz/ n奖赏，奖品：He won the first prize in the speech contest 【注意与price(价格)的区别。】 win a prize获奖2.visitor /5vIzItE/n访问者，来客 the Visitors Center 记忆 visit + or3.outdoor /5aJtdC:/adj户外的野外的记忆out + door(门)引申 反义词：indoor。4.octopus /5CktEpEs/n. “章鱼” an octopus 5.end /end/n.& v. 结束 意为结束某一进程，其后不跟其他动词。n. at the end of at the end of the concert (时间) at the end of the street (地点)【in the end = at last = finally 最后In the end, we were very tired.】 v. Mr Smith ended the class with a song . 考点 finish 完成某事或一动作。后跟名词、代词或动名词。finish doing sth.6. luck /lQk/n.“幸运”Good luck! lucky adj.“幸运的”lucky bird luckily adv.7. off adj“休息” day off on my next day off takeoff Id like to take the afternoon off. future /5fju:tFE/n将来，未来：I hope you have a happy future before you 考点辨析in the future与in future：in the future指“在将来”；in future指“从今以后” I want to be a doctor in the future. You should study hard in future.1. hang out with ones friends和朋友闲逛 2. at the aquarium 在水族馆3. take photos=take a photo=take pictures=take a picture照相4. get ones autograph得到了某人的亲笔签名5. win a prize / hat赢得奖品（帽子）6.on the school trip在学校的旅游7. have a great time玩得愉快8. watch a dolphin show看一场海豚表演9. after that那以后10. at the end of 在结束;在末尾 at the beginning of11. sleep late 睡过头12. go for a drive 开车兜风 13. all day一整天14. (on the) day off （因病或节假日）休息 15. a yard sale 庭院旧货出售16. see you soon盼望很快见到你 17. come back from 从回来 18. in the future “在将来” 19. none of them 一个都没有1. What did you do on your school trip? 2. Did you go to the zoo? No., I didnt. I went to the aquarium. 3. Did you see any seals? Yes, I saw some seals. 4. Were there any sharks? No, there werent any sharks; but there were some really smart seals. 5. What else did you do?6. How was your day off? 一般过去时：主要用来表示过去发生的动作或状态。常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday,last week,three years ago,in 1978, a moment ago, just now. 1 ). be动词过去式的句式。否定句:是在was / were后面加not，was not (wasnt)/were not (werent)。一般疑问句: 是把was / were提前并放到句首，要求首字母要大写。2 ).实义动词过去式的句式 e.g.They had a good time yesterday. 否定式：主语+did not( didnt )+动词原形+其它。如：They didnt watch TV last night. 一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其它？肯定回答：Yes，主语+did. 否定回答：No，主语+didnt. Did they have a meeting two days ago? Yes，they did. / No，they didnt. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它？e.g.What time did you finish your homework? 3 ). 关于过去式的规则变化 : 可速记为直、去、双、改四字诀。 一般情况下在动词原形后直接加-ed。如：wanted，played。 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去掉e再加-ed。如：hoped，lived。 重读闭音节单词需双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ed。如：stopped。 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词变y为i，再加-ed。如：studied，worried。【重要句子详解】1. Were there any sharks?用there be 句型时，汉语意为“有”，但不是表拥有和所有，是表存在。Were是be的复数形式的过去式。原形为there are . 要注意的是不要将其写成There have 。there is/are表示的是某处有某物。 have表示某人有某物。试比较：I have two pens. 我有两支钢笔。（表示所有关系）There are two pens on the desk. 桌子上有两支钢笔（表示某处有某物）2.What else did you do?What else 表示还有（别的）什么 What else do you want ? 你还想要什么？elseadv. 修饰不定代词和疑问词, 作后置定语。如：Who else wants a go ?Where else did you go ?Anything else ? otheradj. 修饰名词，作前置定语。e.g. We should help other people .3. He won a prize. 他赢了一个奖。win的过去式won。4. Class 9 had a great time on the school trip.At the end of the day, the science teacher was very happy because the class monitor cleaned the bus after the trip.在这段短文中作者用了First, Then, After that, Finally（最终）, At the end of the day表示一天活动的先后顺序，使得文章看起来活泼又自然。Class 9 had a great time on the school trip.have a great time = have a good time = have funFinally, tired but happy, they took the bus back to school.take the bus back to school = go back to school by busThey went to the Outdoor Pool where there was a giant octopus. 他们去了有一个巨大的章鱼的（叫做）Outdoor Pool 的地方。where there was a giant octopus 是定语从句，定的中心词是the Outdoor Pool . （户外泳池）又如：They went to the Gift Shop where they bought lots of gifts. 他们去了他们买了许多礼物的Gift Shop商店。where they bought lots of gifts . 是定语从句，定的中心词是the Gift Shop. （只要知道这两句的中文意思即可。）另外说一个章鱼时我们要说an octopus.5. Did you have fun camping? 你们野营玩得开心吗？have fun (in) doing sth. 做某事很开心They had fun singing in the party last night.6.It rained all day.下了一整天的雨The workers worked all day yesterday7.Uncle Martin put some of his old things out in the yard and had a yard sale. put sth. out把某物拿出来 have a yard sale 进行了一场旧货出售 some of / one of 的一些/中的一个Some of my friends like singing.One of my best friends likes singing.8. However, no one came to the sale because the weather was so bad.however转折连词，通常都是单独使用，后面加逗号隔开。（比较But）He wants to come. However, he is ill. 9.Maria won the first prize in yesterdays singing competition. win the first prize 赢得一等奖win the second prize 赢得二等奖10.We saw a movie about living in the future.我们观看了一场有关未来的生活的电影 。 about 是介词。介词后面加动词的ing形式13 On my next day off, I dont want to go for a drive在我下个休假日on my last day off .在我上一次休假日。What was your last day off like? day off 一天的假。go for a drive. 开车兜风。sleep late 睡得很晚。How was your day off ? 你的一日休假过得怎么样？（用过去时）What was your last day off like ? 你上一次休假怎么样？When I woke up当我醒来的时候wake up 表示醒来wake的过去式为woke14I didnt have a very fun day. 我这一天过得不是很愉快。have a fun day . 一天过得愉快别忘了写“a”，写成have fun day 就不对了。Uncle Martin put some of his old things out in the yard and had a yard sale ! 这句话意思是说Martin叔叔将他的一些旧东西拿出来摆在院子里进行庭院旧货出售。 have a yard sale 进行旧货出售。 unfortunately. 是个副词表示“不幸地 fortunately 是表示肯定的意思。“幸运地”典型例题：1 There is a shop in the end of the street（改正错误）解析：at the end of意为“在尽头”，可指时间和地点，而in the end意为”最后，终于”，表示时间。故应把in改为at2 _ _did you live there?For about seven years解析：根据下面的回答来看，本题是对“多长时间”提问，故此处答案应为How long3 They_ yesterday Ago for a driveBgo for drive Cwent for a drive Dwent for drive解析：在有yesterday等表示过去的时间状语的句子中，其谓语动词要用过去时（如went）。go for a drive的意思是“开车兜风”，故应选C。一、用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. Thats a famous story (write) by Charles Dickens2. What you (do) this time last night?3. We must stop the children ( play) with water. Its dangerous.4.Tom finished (draw) the picture last week.5. Do you think it better for them (get up) a bit earlier? 6. She cant decide what (buy) him as a birthday gift.7. They (not go) for an outing if it (rain) tomorrow.8. Is it hard for you (learn) English grammar?三选择填空1 He finished writing the novel of last month.A. at the end B. in the end C. by the end D. on the end2. Li Ming runs faster than in his class.A. any else student B. any student elseC. anyone elseD. else anyone3. He put in the coffee and ate .A. many sugars; much bread B. lots of sugar; many breadsC. lots of sugar; much bread D. many sugars; many breads4 there sharks?A. Have, any B. Were, some C. Had, any D. Were, any5. Class 9M had a great time the school trip.A. in B. at C. on D. of6. the class, Miss Wang said goodbye to us.A. In the end B. At the end of C. The end of D. By the end of7. my next ,I want to ski.A. On ,day off B. On, off C. When, day off D. When, off8. the weather It was very fine.?A. How was, like B. Whats, likeC. Hows,/D. What was, like9. Did you sleep late? .A. Yes, I did. B. No, I dont. C. Yes, I was. D. No, I wasnt10. does your father say about the game?He says“Wonderful!” I think .A. Who; soB. How; so is itC. Why; so is it D. What; so it is11.Thank you your beautiful flowers.A. of B. with C. to D. for12. Was there a telephone call for me just now? No, .A. there isnt B. there wasnt C. it wasnt