第4章 小学英语说教学1kejian.doc

第四章 小学英语口语教学第一节 开口说英语一、对英语老师的素质要求 美国一则调查研究认为教师素质的结构比例应为： (1)学识20； (2)教学态度10； (3)工作计划性20； (4)组织能力15； (5)表达能力15； (6)教学方法20。二、成功的英语口语教学要素 1Learners talk a lot 2Participation is evenLack of involvement and participationThe student will exert to finish his“task，Here，there is only satisfaction in what he has fulfilled，or dissatisfaction since he thinks there is not much to learn from his fellow students 3Motivation is high.4Language is of an acceptable level.(1)如性格外向的学生，活泼大胆，反应迅速。 (2)性格内向的学生，动作迟缓，反应速度慢，应采劝激励法，着重培养他们敢说和愿意说的良好习惯，鼓励他们敢于发言提问。Inhibition(学生拘禁)Nothing to talk(无话可说，没有语言素材)Low of motivation(学生缺乏动力)Mother tongue influenced(母语干扰多)Being afraid to make mistake or being shame to speak(羞怯，怕说错)硬抄瞎背 三、课堂口语实践活动的组织与设计 1新课标倡导以“任务”为载体活动课教学模式 (1)符合学生生活学习经验。 (2)有主题的生活场景。例如教师的周末生活学生的周末生活“At the weekends”。 (3)含有一定教学结构的主题创设。 2采用小组合作学习 3引导学生自主学习 4引导学生探究性地学习四、学会使用课堂用语1 Sorry,but Ive forgotten my pencils.2 Please,Miss Bates,I cant see the board.3 Sorry，Im late. I missed the bus.记住：口语不象书面语那样容易被拆分为单词和句子，学母语的孩子首先听到的是连续的语音流，以后才学会将它拆分成单个的词和句子；不会阅读英语的孩子初听到英语时听到的也是连续的语音流，不能将其拆分成单词和句子，但他们能辨认出英语的语调和那些被重读的音或词。这些正是他们最先学会说的内容。因此，老师平时上课最好是利用自然的情境向学生介绍有用的课堂用语，因为一定的情境和相应的语调、重音等能帮助学习者听懂意思。在语境中学习生词(Leaming a new phrase in context)Teacher: OK, Midori, red shoes.Midori: Red jumper.Haruka: A purple skirt.Teacher: Cant you go?Haruka: No.Teacher: OK, I cant go, say I cant go,Haruka: I cant go.Teacher: Good, OK, now the next card. How do you say this in English? Trou . trou .Pupils and teacher: Trousers.Teacher: Good. OK, your turn now.Haruka: Blue trousers.Teacher: Good.Midori: I cant go.Teacher: No-you havent got anything blue.Midori: No-I cant go.Teacher: OK. (Bob和十一二岁大的孩子在一起)教师语言学习:学生会说什么、问什么? 学生：I havent got my pencils.Ive lost my colours.Ive forgotten my book.Look, Ive got a new bag/pencil case. some new felt tipped pens.老师：Has anyone seen Giorgios Did you leave it at home? Ok, never mind.pencil/book/colours? Can someone lend Giorgio Heres one. Here you are.a pencil/some colours? Go and get one from my table.Whos got a spare pencil? Leila-can he look at your book?Dont worry-Ive got a Can he share with you?spare one/set here. Thats/Those are lovely. Who gave you that/those?学生： 老师：Excuse me! Can you help me? Yes-of course, just coming.Please Miss X! Is this right? Wait a moment, Ana. Im just helping Peter. Yes . what is it you need?I dont know what to do! Thats fine like that.Please can I ask in Spanish? Yes . what do you need to know?五、通过念诗和唱歌活动练习语音、语调寓教于乐；作为教学计划的一部分；作为教学活动的一种变化形式；用来复习单词；用来联系一个新的或者熟悉的话题；用来练习新的表达方法；用于角色扮演或练习使用标点。找一首儿歌或小诗，注意考虑学生的年龄特征和英语水平，应能引起他们的兴趣，而且简单、易记。Ok, are you ready? All the groups ready? Spiders?Ok, Beetles? Puppies and sheep?Ok, now question group, you start one, two, three .用轻松、活泼的语气大声练习这首儿歌。教学提示：起初，我们可以教些短小的与当前学习内容相关的小诗或儿歌。学生能明白小诗或儿歌的大意或要点即可，不必完全明白每个单词的确切意思。小诗和儿歌是训练语音的好方法，先轻些读，然后大声朗诵。还可以用简单的乐器打节拍，如铃鼓、铃当、鼓、钹等。为了让学生从念儿歌中体验到成就感，别忘了鼓励他们课后给家人或朋友表演。教师语言学习：适当的音量和语速REC 现在请把这五个句子录下来。1. Now say it very slowly and quietly.2. Ok-everybody whisper it! Just whisper!3. Stand well apart from each other-now each person/group can take tums to shout their part. But not too loud! 4. Normal voices-nice and clear. Not too loud, not too soft.5. Now, can you say it fairly quietly, but very fast?音量从低到高排列如下：2，1，5，4，3话题准备：小动物在下面所列举的小动物中，你的学生都知道哪些?不妨再增加一些。 spiders beetles caterpillars butterflies worms snails bees wasps flies1、写出学生可能已经知道或者应该知道的关于以上每种动物的某些特征，例如： Spiders have eight legs They are usually black or brown Spiders make webs They eat flies and other insects2、针对每种小动物，再想出两个可以用来考问学生的问题。What do bees eat?Have you ever been stung by a wasp or bee?REC 3、设想你在给一群小孩子上课，请从上列小动物中挑出四个给他们描述，并录音。再问两个相关的问题，并给出可能的回答。六、教生词学生在听我们说话时，会很自然地跟着重复一些单词和语句。在学新单词时他们也愿意跟着老师念，以下方法可以用来帮助学生尽快地熟悉这些生词：鼓励他们跟着念；借助图片、声音或其他形式的感官刺激(如触觉)来帮助他们领会其意思；运用各种手势(gestures)和动作；让学生给生词图片着色；尽可能在上下文(context)或自然语境中反复使用所学生词。介绍生词(Introducing new vocabulary) Teacher: Very good. Now, we have some new animals .(Teacher holds up a picture card but only shows the animals ears.)Teacher: Whats this?Child: Its a dog.Teacher: A dog? No . it looks like a dog. Its a . a fox. (Teacher puts the picture on the board.)Teacher: Now, whats this?Child: A fox.Teacher: Yes, OK, one more new animal .(Now the teacher covers the picture with her hand so only the nose and upper face is showing.)Teacher: Is this a dog?Children: No.Teacher: A kangaroo?Child: No.Teacher: An elephant?Child: No.Teacher: No, its a mouse . a mouse. Repeat, please.Pupils and teacher: A mouse.(Pura 和九到十岁大的孩子在一起)记住:如果孩子们还不能认读单词，他们只要记住每个词的发音即可。即便他们能够认读，也应该让他们记住单词发音，在学习其拼写。选择疑问句(Either/or questions)Teacher: Now, remember, this was a.?Children: A fox.Teacher: And this is.?Child: A mouse.Teacher: OK, and look at this picture. OK. Is this an elephant or a kangaroo?Children: An elephant.Teacher: Yes. Good, an elephant. OK, and this one . is this a mouse or a frog?Children: A mouse.Teacher: Very good. Now .分大小(Classifying) Teacher: Now lets draw two houses. One big and one small. This is the big animal house and the other one is the small animal house. OK. Now whats this?Children: Mouse.Teacher: OK, a mouse. Which house does he go in?Children: Small house.Teacher: Yes. The small animal house. Very good, now, lets see .教学提示：教生词时，我们可以制作一些用于课堂上展示(display)的图片或是利用其他能够促进记忆的辅助手段来帮助学生记忆生词，还应把生词和短语放在有意义的上下文中呈现，比如，和孩子们熟悉的话题联系起来。教师语言学习:引导孩子开口的五种方式a特殊疑问句：Whats this?b仅用升调的问句：A dog?C一般疑问句：Is this an elephant?d使用升调的不完整句子：This was a?e选择疑问句：Is this an elephant or akangaroo?发音练习：f和d3fenough rough photo phone wolf fined3change age giant jelly juice jet组织单词游戏。 猜图片(Guessing the picture)Teacher: So, lets see who remembers? I have a picture here . of something you know . Can you guess what it is?Child:Star.Teacher: Very good. Thats right.Now you come out . pick one. Do you know what it is? Whisper it to me. Yes thats it. OK, off you go .First child: What is it?Second child: Sun.First child: No.Third child: Garden.First child: No.Fourth child: Planet.First child: No.Fifth child: Clou.First child: Yes.Teacher: OK, lets just check pronunciation. Is it clou or cloud?Children: (all together) Cloud.Teacher: Cloud. Yes, very good.(Jane和七、八岁大的孩子在一起)Mun Ling went shopping and Chui Meng went swimming andI went jogging 记词串(Remembering a list)（曲目）Teacher: OK, well start with these four. OK, are you ready?First child: Id like an apple.Second child: Id like an apple and a pear.Teacher: Good.Third child: Id like an apple and a pear-and an orange.Teacher: Good.Fourth child: td like an orange . no . an appleand a pear and an orange and a . banana.Teacher: Very good. That was great, now .找对子： 模拟购物： 快乐家庭： 教师语言学习:游戏指令语找对子Here are 12 picture cards of fruit; there are two cards with apples,two with oranges and so on. Im going to put the cards face down on the table. You have to try to find two the same and say what they are. The person who has the most pairs at the end wins the game. Now, watch carefully and see where they all go. OK, Im putting an apple here and an orange here . -and so on. Now they are all down. But do remember you have to say what they are before you keep the pair.OK, one at a time. Who wants to try first? Pick one, turn it over, say what it is, then try to remember where the other one is. If you are right, you can keep the pair. If you are wrong, put them back again, face down. Look, like this.An apple. Now Ive got an apple, so I need another. apple.,. I need another apple.Oh, no! Thats a banana. OK, Ill put them back.Now who would like to try to find a pair-two the same?模拟购物Lets play shopping. What kind of shop shall we have today? A pet shop?OK. Here are the cards with pets. Who wants to be the pet shop assistant? Ah Bin? OK. Come out here. Everybody else think what you want to buy. What else could you buy in this pet shop? Could you buy any of these?kittens puppies mice hamsters snakes spiders fish .What does the customer say and what does the assistant say?Good morning. Good morning.Id like a kitten please. Yes, of course.How much? Ten dollars.Here you are. Thanks.用卡片能做什么?Here are some cards.These are picture cards.These are word cards.Here are some cards with phrases on.Here are some cards with actions on.Can you give them oil?. deal them out? share them round?.Will you mix them up? put them face down on your table?You should have three each.Each pair should have six.Check you have eight on eachPut the rest in a pile, face arum.Dont look at them yet.Just look at your own.Spread them out so you can see them all.Dont show them to anyone else.Dont look at anyone elses.Which ones make a pair?Whoops! Ones gone in your lap. Can you pick it up?Oh dear! Ones fallen in your bag. Can you reach it?.Watch out! Ones gone under your chair, Who hasnt got six?.Careful! Ones fallen on the floor. Whos got one missing?Wait a minute! Youve got an extra one. You are one short. Whos got one extra?教学提示：一旦孩子们对模拟购物的玩法熟悉后，就可以指定两三个营业员和更多的顾客，让他们分组进行游戏。对于英语较好的学生，我们还可以加上一些内容，如：Can I help you? What color? White，please七、练习新的发音 给孩子提示单词(Supporting pupils by saying a word)Teacher: OK. were going to play one more game . Do you remember . this game we played? You have to point to what I am thinking about. (Teacher sits on a chair and starts game.)Teacher: I spy with my little eye something beginning with pi. (One child points to a picture of planet on the board.)Teacher: Very good Anna . pi . planet, pi . planet. (Now Anna whispers her word to the teacher sun, sun and she sits on chair.)Teacher: Now Annas word . I spy with my little eye . something beginning with/s/. Can anyone point to something beginning with/s/?(Jane和七、八岁大的孩子在一起)教学提示：在课堂上，我们可以把含有相同音素的单词图片放在一起，比如：blue-shoe-t