现在完成时讲解练习答案.docx

专题 动词的时态：主讲现在完成时一、一般现在时： 概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况或是客观存在。时间状语：often,usually,always,sometimes,every week(day,year,month), once a week,on Sundays,基本结构：主+be动词am/is/are+表语 I am a boy He is a boy You are a boy主+动词原形或三单+宾语 I like swimming He likes swimming You like swimming需要你注意的是无论何时何地，第三人称单数做主语，动词要变化（三+单）练习：语法概念：主语是第一人称单数，动词_（要/不要）变化语法概 主语是第二人称单数，动词_（要/不要）变化语法概念 ：主语是第三人称单数，动词_（要/不要）变化语法概念 ：主语是第一人称复数，动词_（要/不要）变化语法概念 ：主语是第三人称复数，动词_（要/不要）变化用go的适当形式填空I usually _ to school by bus. We usually _ to school by bus.You usually _ to school by bus. He usually _ to school by bus.They usually _ to school by bus. Does he usually _ to school by bus?二、一般过去时概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。时间状语：ago,yesterday,the day before yesterday,last week(year,night,month.), in 1989,just now,at the age of 5,one day,long long ago,once upon a time,基本结构：主+be过去式was/were+表 I was a student 10 years ago You were a student 10 years ago 主+行为动词过去式+宾语 I played computer games yesterday I did my homework just now动词的过去式一定要记全，这是基本练习：写出下列动词的过去式build_ choose_ bring_ buy_ feel_ hear_sleep_ keep_ think_ leave_ throw_ put_1. Paul ant I tennis yesterday. He did much better than I.A. play B. will play C. played D. are playing2. What did you_for dinner last night.A. eats B. eating C. eat D. ate3. He fell down and_ injured yesterday.A. get B. got C. gets D. getting4. I_ and told my mother that I _ by somebody.A. cry; hit B. cried; was hit C. cries; was hit D. cried; hit三、现在进行时概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。时间状语：now,at this time,these days, 其他提示词：look, listen基本结构：主+be（am/is/are）+ving 宾语 I am doing my homework. They are doing their homework注意某些动词要去e（大部分e不发音）某些动词要双写最后的字母（重读闭音节+辅元辅）练习：语法概念：用be的正确形式填空I_ He_ She_ You_ They_ We_ Boy_ Boys_1. Jackis_withJim.Theyaregood_.A.runningfriend;B.running;friends;C.runningfriendsD.run;friends2. Thechildrenare_TV.A.watchB.seeingC.watchingD.reading3. Look,theboy_(run)fast4. Whatareyoudoing?-I_(do)myhomework.5. _ he doing his homework now?6. thestudents;preparefor;anEnglishtest;now;(.)_7. 我在看电视呢，没时间，一边儿去。_四、一般将来时概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。时间状语：tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year),soon,thedayaftertomorrow基本结构：主+begoingto+do+宾语 I am going to do my homework主+will+do+宾语 I will do my homework注意不要看到be going就以为是现在进行时；不存在will be going to这种说法练习：1. Where are you going this Sunday? _A. I go to the park. B. I will go to the park. C. I going to the park D. I will be going to the park2. 明天我要去北京。_3. I; go; America; tomorrow; (.)_每种时态写出一句疑问句和否定句上面时我们小学就学过的，没学好的自己检讨时态的基本框架时态现在时过去时将来时过去将来时一般一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时过去将来时进行现在进行时过去进行时将来进行时过去将来进行时完成现在完成时过去完成时将来完成时过去将来完成时完成进行现在完成进行时过去完成进行时将来完成进行时过去将来完成进行时过去将来时概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。 HesaidhewouldgotoBeijingthenextday.The report said that the film star would come to Henan next Sunday.过去进行时概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。 Whenhecamein,Iwasreadinganewspaper. AtthattimeshewasworkinginaPLAunit.将来进行时概念：表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，或表示要在将来某一时间开始，并继续下去的动作。常用来表示询问、请求等。 Thistimenextdaytheywillbesittinginthecinema. Hewontbecomingtotheparty现在完成时概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。 Ivewrittenanarticle. Thecountrysidehaschangedalotinthepastfewyears.过去完成时概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。 Assoonaswegottothestation,thetrainhadleft. He said that he had finished the homework.现在完成进行时：表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。这一动作可能刚刚开始，也可能仍在继续，并可能延续到将来。 Ihavebeensittinghereforanhour. ThechildrenhavebeenwatchingTVsincesixoclock.现在完成时概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。初二上册Unit5中的英英解释：We use the present perfect tense to talk about things that happened in the past but have a connection to the present in some way. 发生在过去的事情 和现在有联系需要与之作出最大区分的一个时态就是 过去时过去时表示过去的一个动作，而且通常含有“过去时，而现在不是的”的含义。比如，我以前是一名学生。我以前是做翻译的。I was a student. I was a translator. 这种用一般过去时表示的就是以前是怎么的，但是现在已经不是了。现在完成时表示过去的动作持续到现在，以前是这样，现在还是这样。还可以表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响。I have had lunch. 我吃过午餐了，隐含意思现在不饿；I have watered the flowers. 我已经浇过花了，隐含意思你不需要再浇水了。再次对比过去时和完成时所表达的意思I have watered the flowers.我已经浇过花了。 不用继续浇水了I watered the flowers.我浇过花了。 只是说明我早上干了啥基本结构肯定句：主+have 动词过去分词 + 宾语 I have finished my homework.否定句：主+have 动词过去分词 + 宾语 I havent finished my homework.疑问句：Have + 主语 +动词过去分词 + 宾语 Have you finished your homework?主语是第三人称单数的时候，have改成has动词的过去分词要记全，这是基础，过去分词跟过去式一样重要什么情况下需要用到现在完成时？1. 有明显的提示词与我们之前学过的时态一样，过去时可能会出现yesterday, last；现在进行时可能会出现now, look；将来时可能会出现tomorrow, next；一般现在时可能会出现usually, often。现在完成时有时也有提示词，如already, yet, ever, never, before,for+时间段, since+时间点I have already been to Guangzhou three times. 我已经去过广州三次了。I havent finished my job yet. 我还没做完我的工作呢。I have never seen this kind of bird before. 我从来都没有见过这种鸟。Have you ever visited the Summer Palace? 你参观过颐和园吗。He has been in Beijing for ten years. 他已经在北京呆了10年了。Ben has never slept since last night. Ben自从昨晚就没睡过觉。2. 语境Heisnotthemostfamousinventorintheworld.However,hisinventionhaschangedourlives.I can travel to any places because I have bought a car.基础选择题1. I_aletterfromhimsinceheleftAdidntreceiveBhaventgotCdidnthaveDhaventheard2. Youveneverseensuchawonderfulfilmbefore，_？AhaventyouBhaveyouCdoyouDdontyou3.Ithas beentenyears_Ilastsawher.A.afterB.sinceC.forD.that4.-WhowillgotothestationtomeetLorry?-Iwill.I_herseveraltimes.A.metB.havemetC.hadmetD.willmeet5. HaveyoumetMr.Li_？A.justB.agoC.beforeD.amomentago答案：BBBBCCCBB由第九题引入难点6. ZhaoLan_already_inthisschoolfortwoyears.A.was;studyingB.will;study C.has;studiedD.are;studying7. We_XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.A.knowB.hadknownC.haveknownD.knew8. HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I_ittwice.A.willseeB.haveseenC.sawD.see9.-_youever_totheUS?-Yes,twice.A.Have,goneB.Have,beenC,Do,goD.were,going 已经完成的动作：过去所做的事情对现在造成一定的影响现在完成时的难点 还未完成的动作：过去所做的事情一直延续到现在1.现在完成时的完成用法现在完成时的完成用法指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。例如：Hehasturnedoffthelight.他已把灯关了。(动作结束于过去，说明了是现在的情况-灯现在不亮了。)现在完成时完成用法的特点是动作不延续，即瞬间动词，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如：already，yet，before，recently等)、频度时间状语(如：never，ever，once等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如：thismorningmonthyear.，today等)连用。例如：Haveyoufoundyourpenyet？你已找到你的钢笔了吗？2.现在完成时的未完成用法现在完成时的未完成用法指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。例如：Hehaslivedheresince1978.自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。)Ihavebeeninthearmyformorethan5years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了。(动作开始于5年前，一直延续至今，有可能还要继续下去。)此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由since或for引导)，或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如：uptonow，sofar到目前为止)等。例如：Ihaveheardnothingfromhimuptonow.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。注意：现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词，不可用于终止性动词，即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。3.延续性动词和瞬间性动词的概念英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和瞬间性动词。延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：learn,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep,have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live,stay等。瞬间性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如open,close,finish,begin,come,go,arrive,reach,getto,leave,move,borrow,buy等。Itrainedateightyesterdaymorning.(误)rain为延续性动词，而ateight表示点时间。上句可改为：Itbegantorainateightyesterdaymorning.(正)I have borrowed the book for 2 months.（误）borrow是“借”不能做借这个动作做了2个月吧I have kept the book for 2months.（正）换成keep这个动词，保持，借到手了就拿了2个月-WhendidyougettoknowJack?-Twoyearsago.-Thenyouveknowneachotherformorethantwoyears.-Thatsright.附加延迟动词与瞬间动词转换表（部分）：注意be的作用很大瞬间动词延续动词瞬间动词延续动词put onwearendbe overbuyhavejoinbe inborrowkeepgo therebe therebecomebeget to/arrive/reachbe indiebe deadcome backbe backmove tolive incatch a coldhave a coldHisfatherhasdied. die：死亡，这个动作做完就没了，后面不能加延续的时间Hisfatherhasbeendeadforthreeyears. be dead：是死的，描述一种状态，持续三年ShehasjoinedtheParty/League join：加入，加入之后就不需要继续做加入这个动作了ShehasbeenintheParty/Leaguefortwomonths 在党两个月，一种持续动作ShehasbeenaParty/Leaguememberfortwomonths. 是一名成员了，一种持续动作Thefilmhasstarted/begun. start：开始 开始之后就进入内容了，动作已经结束Thefilmhasbeenon/lastedsince5minutesago. last：持续 电影播放了5分，持续了5分1.Whatanicedress!Howlong_you_it?-Just2weeks.A.will,buyB.did,buyC.are,havingD.have,had2. DoyouknowLydiaverywell?-Yes,SheandI_friendssincewewereveryyoung.A.havemadeB.havebecomeC.havebeenD.haveturned3. I _ the book for more than 3 days.A. lent B. have lent C. have borrowed D. have kept现在完成时的其中一个常考点have been to去过以前去过某地，现在已经不在那了，后常接次数have gone to去了现在到了某地，人还在那里待着have been in在在某地呆了多长时间，后常接时间段I have been to Beijing ten year ago. I have been to Shanghai twice.My father has gone to London, he is not here. He has gone to America.I have been in Guangzhou for six years. We have been in China for more than a year.1.-_youever_totheUS?-Yes,twice.A.Have,goneB.Have,beenC,Do,goD.were,going2. I_ShanghaiforthreeyearsA. have been to B. have been in C. have gone to D. have gone in3. Ben _ Shanghai twice.A. has been in B. has been to C. has gone to D. have gone to总结主要考点：1. 考察现在完成时的结构：have/has + 动词的过去分词2. 考察其用法和标志词：already/ever/yet/for+时间段/since+时间点3. 考察延续性动词和瞬间动词。巩固提高一.用单词的适当形式填空1.I_already_(see)thefilm.I_(see)itlastweek.2._he_(finish)hisworktoday?Notyet.3.Myfather_just_(come)backfromwork.Heistirednow.4.WheresLiMing?He_(go)totheteachersoffice.5.I_(work)heresinceI_(move)herein1999.6.SofarI_(make)quiteafewfriendshere.7.Howlong_Ben_(stay)here?Fortwoweeks.8.I_just_(finish)myhomework.9.He_(go)toschoolonfooteveryday.10._you_(find)yoursciencebookyet?11.Ifit_(be)finetomorrow,Illgowithyou.12.Thestudents_(read)Englishwhentheteachercamein.13.Look!Themonkey_(climb)thetree.14.Mymother_(come)toseemenextSunday.15.Ivelostmypen._you_(see)itanywhere?1 have seen was 2 has finished 3 has come 4 has gone 5 have worked moved6 have made 7 has stayed 8 have finished 9 goes 10 have found 11 is12 was reading 13 is climbing 14 will come 15 Did see二改写句子1.IhavebeentoMacaubefore.(改为否定句)I_beentoMacaubefore.2.Hehasntcometoschoolbecausehewasill.(就划线部分提问)_hecometoschool?3.Iboughanew