短文改错口诀(高考复习完整版)).doc

四川省大竹县石河中学 蒋元平短文改错专项讲解附：20012010年全国1卷真题短文改错考点分布表2010200920082007200620052004200320022001动词时态1111111111动词语态1非谓语1121111主谓一致111副词121形容词1111名词111121112代词11121311介词1121113121冠词111111关系/连接连词1（主语从句）2（状从疑问）11状从1（状从）1状从1并列连词11111111情态动词1行文逻辑1短文改错口诀名代数、动词形；时态语态要辨明；冠介缺错、还是省；形容词副词要分清；非谓结构和句型；逻辑连词要理顺；成分意义要完整；特殊用法莫粗心。一、名代数。是指：名词和代词的单复数形式是否正确；代词的指代是否一致；或者是名词、代词的形格错误。1.I have a lot of homeworks to do.将homeworks改为homework.2.There are many apples trees in the garden. 将apples改为apple.3.Today is Teachers Day. 将Teachers改为Teachers4.I have many books and I like it. 将it改为them.5.My sister dressed her and enjoyed her very much. 将句中的两个her改为herself.二、动词形，时态、语态要辨明。是指：谓语动词的主谓一致形式，谓语动词的时态、语态和语气的结构形式是否正确。1.It was Sunday yesterday. We planned to plant trees in the country and we cycle there early at 8:00 am. 将cycle改为cycled.2.He is likes English very much. 去掉is.3.They built the bridge for 3 years. 在built前面加have.4.Please tell me if it rains tomorrow. 将rains改为will rain.5.Great changes have been taken place in our country. 去掉been.6.It snowed heavily last night and the ground covered with a lot of snow. 在ground后加was.7.I wish that I saw him yesterday. 将saw改为had seen.三、冠介缺错、还是省。是指：句中是缺少冠词、介词呢？还是冠词、介词用错了？或者是冠词介词多了应该省去？1.This is book and that is pen. 在book前加a，在pen前加a.2.Last weekend I met a old lady on the way to school. 将a改为an.3.He likes singing and playing piano. 在piano前面加the.4.Each a week he goes to see his grandmother. 去掉a.5.Jim has no room to live. 在live后面加in.6.I know the answer of the question. 将of改为to.7.On the way to home he met a traffic accident. 去掉to.四、形容副词要分清。是指：一定要分清楚，句中到底该用形容词还是副词？是用原级呢？还是用比较级、最高级？1.He is a carefully person and he always does things careful. 将carefully改为careful, 将careful改为carefully.2.This book is beautiful than that one. 在is后面加more.3.Lucy is friendly to others and she always works hardly. 将hardly改为hard.五、非谓结构和句型。非谓是指非谓语动词的时态、语态、复合结构及用法错误，结构和句型是指固定短语和句型结构方面的错误。1.This is an excited story and he is exciting to see it. 将excited改为exciting, 将exciting改为excited.2.The boiling water is cool. 将boiling改为boiled.3.Seeing from the hill, our school is very beautiful. 将Seeing改为Seen.4.This is the problem that we would like to see settling in tomorrows meeting as soon as possible. 将settling改为settled.5.Its kind for you to help me. 将for改为of.6.You smoking is bad for your health. 将You改为Your.7.There is no doubt whether he will come here. 将whether改为that.8.A book to a teacher that a gun to a soldier. 将that改为what.9.At last our teacher agreed to helping us. 将helping改为help.六、逻辑连词要理顺。是指：要分清句子与句子以及上下文之间的逻辑联系，看看连词是否用错。1.Peter is an American and he cant speak English well. 将and改为but.2.He runs very fast, but you cant catch up with him. 将but改为so.3.Though he is a little child, but he knows a lot. 去掉but.七、句子成分要完整。是指：句子成分既不能重复累赘，也不能残缺不全。1.This is the book that I am looking for it. 去掉it.2.I feel easy to speak English. 在feel后面加it.3.The problem is he cant speak French. 在he前面加that.八、特殊用法莫粗心。是指：英语中特殊的语法现象，在改错中必须要谨慎而小心应对。1.The story is very worth reading. 将very改为well.2.I know he comes from Russia and he can speak English. 在第二个he前面加that.短文改错解题四原则：1）改动以最少为原则。 2）虚词以添加或删除为原则。 3）实词以改变词形为原则。 4）以保持句子原意为原则。2001-2010全国高考短文改错真题集2001Like most of my schoolmates, I have neither brothers nor76. _sisters - in any other words, I am an only child. My parents77. _love me dearly of course and will do all they can make sure78. _that I get a good education. They did not want me to do79. _any work at family; they want me to devote all my time to80. _my studies so that Ill get good marks in all my subject. We81. _may be one family and live under a same roof, but we do82. _not seem to get much time to talk about together. It looks83. _as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. Do they84. _really understand their own daughter? What things are in85. _2002Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to EmeiMountain in Sichuan. As everyone knows, its famous76. mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. The weather77. was fine. It was about noon we arrived at the foot of78. the mountain. The three of them were very excited. As we79. climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples80. and told stories. On the way up I was busy taking picture81. since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly.82. Evening came down. We spent the night in a hotel at the top83. of the mountain. The food was expensive and the service was 84. good. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my 85. head touched the pillow.2003When I first learned to write in English, I ran into many 76_difficulties , The main problem was in that I always thought 77_in Chinese and translate anything into English. 78_My teacher advised me to keep my diary. I followed her 79_ _and should put down 100 words or so each day. 80 _Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was 81_learning to express me in simple English. One day I wrote 82_a little story and showed to my teacher , she liked it 83_very much and reads it to the class .All said the story was 84_a good one . Their word were a great encouragement to me. 85_2004Dear Ralph,Im a newcomer here of a small town. I would 76. _ _ describe myself as shy and quietly. Before my classmates, 77. _ it seems always difficult for me to do things well as 78. _ _ them. Im sure they will laugh to me and see me as 79. _ a fool. So I feel unhappy every day. 80. _ Besides, I have few friends. I dont know that they 81. _ _ dont like to talk with me. Sometimes, we talked to each other 82. _ very well in class, but after class we become stranger at 83. _ _ once. I am trying to improve the situation since it doesnt 84. _ _seem to work. Can you tell me about what I should do? 85. _ _ Yours, Xiao Wei2005There are advantage for students to work while76. _studying at school. One of them was that77. _they can earn money. For the most part,78. _students working to earn money for their own79. _use. Earning their own money allow them80. _to spend on anything as if they please.81. _They would have to ask their parents for82. _money or for permission to do things by83. _the money. Some students may also to save84. _up for our college or future use.85. _2006We had guests last night who have not stayed 76. _In a B&B hotel ago. They did not want breakfast77. _because that they were going out early in the78. _morning. They came back lately and had some79. _tea. I came into the living room and saw one of80. _them just go through the kitchen door but turn81. _on the light. He was looking for a glass the 82. _cupboard. He had no ideas that the kitchen was83. _not for guests. I just smiled to me and thought,84. _“What can I do? We are guests after all.”85. _2007I was only about six that he held his hand 76. _out to me. I took it in me and we walked. Then 77. _I ask him, “Grandpa, how come you have 78. _so much lines on your hand?” he laughed and 79. _said, “Well, thats a big question!” He was 80. _silent for a moment. So he answered slowly: 81. _“Each these lines stands for a trouble in my 82. _life.” I looked at his other hand. “But Grandpa, 83. _what do you have more lines on that one?” 84. _“Because there are more the honors and joys 85. _in my life.”2008Dear Alice, I have just got some good news to tell to you. 76. _ _I win a national prize for painting last week. 77. _ My father was so pleasing that he suggested 78. _ _I go to England for a holiday. Id like to staying 79. _ _there for half a month, visiting place of interest 80. _ _or practicing my English as well. Weve been 81. _ _writing to each for nearly a year now. I have 82. _ _often dreamed of talk face to with you. 83. _ _I imagine youll be at vacation yourself by that 84. _ _time. Perhaps we could go out to do some 85. _ _sightseeing together. Best wishes. Lily2009After five years away in my hometown, I find that 76. the neighborhood which I used to living in has changed 77. a lot, The Sichuan Restaurant and the older fish shop 78. across the street from our middle school were gone. 79. There exist now a park that has a small river running 80. through. The factory at the comer of Friendship Street and 81. Zhongshan Road has been moved out of the city, and sports 82. center has been built in their place. The market at the comer of 83. Friendship Street and Xinhua Road has been given way to 84. a supermarket. Besides the bookstore next to our middle 85. School is still there.2010It was a chance of a lifetime to win the first 76_ _prize on the Story Writing Show. All I had to do 77_ _was to write a story or present it. My teachers 78_ _have been telling me how great my writing was. 79_ So if they had said was true, I would have a chance 80_ of winning the prize . What were better , I had useful 81. help . There was Uncle Chen , gentleman living 82. near my house , who was a very much famous writer 83 He agreed to reading my story and give me some 84 advices on how to write like a real writer . 85 答案：2001: 76.正确 77.去掉any 78.在make前加to 79.将did改为do 80.将family改为home 81.将subject改为subjects 82.将a改为the 83.去掉about 84.将and改为or 85.将What改为How2002: 76.在famous前加a 77.正确 79.在we前加when