英语国家概况PPT.ppt

TheUnitedStatesofAmerica Unit8GeographyandPeople Contents WatchthemapofU S Acarefullyandfindcluestothefollowingitemslocation borderingneighbors States thesmallest thelargeststate SizeandLocation InthecentralpartofNorthAmerica exceptAlaskaandHawaii CanadaonthenorthMexicoandtheGulfofMexicoonthesouthAtlanticOceanontheeastPacificOceanonthewesttotalarea 9 5millionsquarekilometers 50statesandthefederaldistrictofColumbia theseatoftheFederalGovernment States original48statesAlaskaandHawaii separatedfromthecontinent becamethe49thand50thstatesin1959 AlaskabordersonnorthwesternCanadaHawaiiliesinthecentralPacificOceanAlaska thelargestRhodeIsland thesmallestTexas thelargestonthemainland 1 ThreeGeographicDivisions TheEasternPart Theeasternpart thehighlandsformedbytheAppalachianRange 阿巴拉挈亚山脉 onesixthoftheterritoryrelativelylow withanaveragealtitudeof800metersabovesealevel TheWesternPart Highplateaus 高原 andmountains extendingfromCanadathroughthewesternpartoftheUnitedStatestoMexicoandfurthersouth Onethirdofthecountry sterritoryRockymountains TheGreatCentralPlain BetweentheAppalachiansintheeastandtheRockyMountainsinthewest halfofAmerica slandmassonthecontinentstretchfromtheGreatLakesinthenorthtotheGulfofMexicointhesouthdrainedbytheMississippianditstributariesfivegreatlakesandNiagaraFalls LakeErie 2 MainGeographicalRegions TheWest NewEngland includingsixstatesinthenortheasterncorner longhistory theEuropeans firstsettlementfeaturedwithmountains valleysandrivers andcitiesandtownswithhistoricsitestop rankinguniversitiesHarvardYaleMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology MIT NewENGLAND TheSouthRegion including13stateswithplentifulrainfallandamildtowarmclimatefavorableclimateforagriculturefastgrowingindustryandpopulationinrecentyearsgreatsizewithfewlargecitiesNewOrleansMiamiMemphisAtlantaBirmingham AmericanSouthernArea TheWesternRegion including11states likeWashington OregonandCalifornia etc Oregon wealthofbeautifulforestsandstreamsCaliforniastrikingnaturalfeatures centralvalley highmountains andhotdrydeserts notablecitiesSanFranciscoLosAngelesSanDiego14percentofAmericangrossdomesticproductpredominantagricultureyieldinghigh techindustrycentre Oregon California Alaska northwesternpartofAmericaAlaska glaciers waterfallsandlakesNativepopulationEskimos halfofallAlaskaNativesIndiansAleutsmainagricultureoutput seafoodindustrialoutputs crudepetroleum naturalgas preciousmetals seafoodprocessing timber andtourism etc Alaska Hawaii eightmajorislandsabout2575kilometreslongsoutheasttonorthwestmildtemperaturechiefproducts canesugar pineapple andflowersanddairyproducts coffeebeans bananas andmacadamianuts touristbusiness largestsourceofincome Hawaii HawaiiDance 3 RiverandLakes TheMississippiRiverthelongestandthemostimportantriverinthesystemoftheGulf length 6 262kilometersdrainagearea 3 225 000squarekilometers Knownasthe fatherofwaters toAmericanIndiansAsMarkTwainwasraisedontheriver hismostpopularandimportantwritingsareconcernedwiththisarea TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinntellsthestoryofhowtheboyHuckleberryFinnandhisblackfriendJim arunawayslave saileddowntheMississippionaraft TheMissouriandtheOhiotwoofthelargesttributariesoftheMississippi formanimportantinlandnavigationandirrigationsystem TheHudsonRiverlinkedbycanalswiththefiveGreatLakesflowsthroughthestateofNewYorklength 520kilometers TheGreatLakes Themostimportantsystemofinlandwaterwaysintheworld LakeMichigan whollywithintheUnitedStatespartofthenationalboundarybetweentheUnitedStatesandCanadarunsthroughthischainoflakes NiagaraFalls locatedontheU S CanadianborderbetweenLakeErieandLakeOntario Climate MainlytemperatewithsomemildsubtropicalzoneswithonlythesouthernFloridaandHawaiibeingtropical 50centimeterrainfalllineintheeast comparativelymorerain soeasyagriculture inthewest muchlessrain lessthan50cm ayear withtheexceptionofthecoastalareasalongthePacific NaturalResources richinmineralresourcesamongthecountrieswiththegreatestreservesofcoal ironoreandoil aboundsinlead copper zinc aluminum phosphaterock silver andgold onefourthoftheterritory coveredwithforestswhichmainlyconcentrateuponthreeareas theareaalongthenorthwesterncoastofthePacifictheareainthesouththeareainthenorth richinoil oncethelargestoilproducingcountry oilreserve alongthecoastoftheGulfofMexico Texas Louisiana andOklahoma EnergycrisisGulfWarfoughtinearly1991betweenIraqandacoalitionof39countriesorganizedbytheU S mostofwhichrelyonKuwaitandSaudiArabiaasprimarysourceofpetroleum MajorCities WhentalkingaboutAmerica isthereanycitythatyouarefamiliarwith Andwhy Tips NewYork commercialandfinancialcenteroftheUnitedStatesWashingtonD C seatofthefederalgovernmentLosAngles secondlargestcityChicago thewindycitySeattle Philadelphia SanFrancisco etc NewYork Situatedonthreeislands ManhattanIsland LongIslandandStatenIslandatthemouthofHudsonRiver Fiveboroughs Manhattan Brooklyn Bronx RichmondandQueens theheadquarteroftheUnitedNations TimeSquare CentralPark ThestatueoflibertyisahugesculpturelocatedonLibertyIslandinNewYorkHarbor ThismonumentwasagifttotheUSAfromthepeopleofFranceinrecognitionoftheFrench AmericanallianceduringtheAmericanRevolution Theformalnameofthestatueis LibertyEnlighteningtheWorld Itpicturesawomanwhohasescapingthechainsoftyranny thebrokenchainslieatherfeet Liberty srighthandholdsatorchthatisasymbolofliberty LibertywasdesignedbytheFrenchsculptorFredericAugusteBartholdi Thestatuewasre assembledintheUSAandwascompletedonOctober28 1886 ThesevenraysofLiberty scrownsymbolizethesevenseasandsevencontinentsoftheworld Libertyholdsatabletinherlefthandthatreads July4 1776 inRomannumerals IndependenceDayoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica WashingtonD C LocatedonthePotomacRiver governeddirectlybytheFederalgovernment DistrictofColumbia namedafterChristopherColumbuscity namedafterGeorgeWashington thefirstpresidentofU S WashingtonSkyscrapers WorldWarIIMemorial SanFrancisco GoldenGateBridge Centerofoil refining automobiles chemicals commerce finance andshippingindustry Chinatown thelargestChinesesettlementinAmerica LosAngels secondlargestcityintheU S fourtimeslargerthanSanFrancisco importantelectroniccenterknownforthemanufactureoftires automobilesandaircraft centerofatomicresearch Hollywood theheartofworld smotionpicturesindustry TheworldfamousDisneylandattractsmillionsoftouristseveryyear Chicago thewindycity secondmostpopulouscityafterNewYork Foundedintheearly1800s mainconnectionbetweentheeastcoastcitiesandtheWest thelargestindustrialcityinthecountry withhighlydevelopedheavyandlightindustriesthecenterofindustry transportation commerceandfinanceintheMidwestarea alsoaculturecenter SearsTower Chicagobecamehometotheworld stallestbuildingin1973whenthe110 storySearsTowerwastoppedoff TheSearsTowerremainedthetallestbuildingintheworlduntilFebruary13 1996 TheSearsTowercontinuestobethetallestbuildinginNorthAmerica People TheUnitedStatesisthethirdmostpopulousnationintheworld rankingbehindChinaandIndia AccordingtotheU S CensusBureau theresidentpopulationreachedamilestoneonOct 17 2006 hitting300million Population UnevendistributionThemostdenselypopulatedregion thenortheasternpartAboutonequarterofthetotallandarea abouthalfofthetotalpopulation TheGreatPlains acomparativelysmallpopulation TheSouth apopulationofalmost57 5millionpeople TheWest notdenselypopulated 20 ofthepopulationexceptforsomemetropolitancenterslikeLosAngels andSanFrancisco NationofImmigrants RaceandethnicgroupsTheIndiansTheWhiteAnglo SaxonsProtestants WASP TheBlackTheHispanicsTheAsian Americans Indians About10millionIndiansinNorthAmericaWhenColumbusarrived Westwardmovement thedestructionoftheIndians Todayabout2 4millionIndiansAboutone thirdofthemliveonreservations landthatwasset asideforthem Therestlivesincities Povertyandunemploymentaremajorproblems especiallyonthereservations WASPs EuropeandescendantsPilgrimFathersWhiteAnglo SaxonProtestantswhowerelargelyresponsibleforthewinningofAmerica sindependence English officiallanguage TheBlack About8millionblackpeoplewerebroughttoAmericafromAfricaasslavesfrom1620to1820 workonplantationsorlargefarmsoftheSouth poorandsufferfrompovertyTodaytheblackaccountforabout12 ofthepopulationManyofthemliveintheSouthandinthecitiesofNortheastandMidwest CivilRightsMovement Segregationlaws 隔离法 inSouthernstatesintheUSpreventedblackandwhitepeoplefromsittingtogetherinmovietheatres eatinginthesamerestaurants drinkingfromthesamewaterfountain etc AlthoughthesearenotAmendment 补充法案 totheUSConstitution theUSgovernmentwouldnotdeclaretheSouthernlawsunconstitutionaluntiltherewerecasesbroughtinthefederalcourts Thecivilrightsmovementsbeganwhenblackpeoplespontaneouslyprotestedsegregationlawsandcreatedorganizationstomaketheprotestssuccessful MartinLutherKing MartinLutherKingwasablackminister whowasagreatpoliticalandreligiousleaderofthenon violentcivilrightsmovementin1950s OnAugust28 1963 heledover250 000AmericansonamarchinWashingtonD C tofightfortheCivilRightsLawtoguaranteeequalityforallpeople anddeliveredhisbest knownspeech IHaveaDream beforetheLincolnMemorial ThushewasawardedtheNobelPrizeforpeacein1964 Buthewastragicallymurderedfouryearslater ByvoteofCongressin1968 thethirdMondayofeveryJanuaryisnowafederalholidayinMartinLutherKing shonor IHaveaDream Ihaveadreamthatonedaythisnationwillriseupandliveoutthetruemeaningofitscreed Weholdthesetruthstobeself evidentthatallmenarecreatedequal IhaveadreamthatonedayontheredhillsofGeorgiathesonsofformerslavesandthesonsofformerslaveownerswillbeabletositdowntogetheratthetableofbrotherhood IhaveadreamthatonedayeventhestateofMississippi astateswelteringwiththeheatofinjustice swelteringwiththeheatofoppression willbetransformedintoanoasisoffreedomandjustice Ihaveadreamthatmyfourlittlechildrenwillonedayliveinanationwheretheywillnotbejudgedbythecoloroftheirskinbutbythecontentoftheircharacter Ihaveadreamtoday Ihaveadreamthatoneday downinAlabama withitsviciousracists withitsgovernorhavinghislipsdrippingwiththewordsofinterpositionandnullification onedayrightdowninAlabamalittleblackboysandblackgirlswillbeabletojoinhandswithlittlewhiteboysandwhitegirlsassistersandbrothers Ihaveadreamtoday Ihaveadreamthatonedayeveryvalleyshallbeexalted andeveryhillandmountainshallbemadelow theroughplaceswillbemadeplain andthecrookedplaceswillbemadestraight andthegloryoftheLordshallberevealedandallfleshshallseeittogether Hispanics theSpanish speakingpopulationoftheUnitedStates ThreemajorHispanicgroups PuertoRicansTheislandofPuertoRicohasbeenanAmericanpossessionsincetheSpanish Americanwarof1899andPuertoRicanshavebeenAmericancitizenssince1917 BetterjobopportunitiesintheU S havedrawnalargenumberofPuertoRicanstotheU S themajorityofwhomhavesettledinthelargecitiesintheeasternseaboard CubanAmericansTheCuban AmericanswhogotawayfromCubaaftertheCubanRevolutionin1959andarenowgatheredintheMiamiarea Ingeneral theCuban Americanshavedonethebesteconomically TheyleftCubaintheearly60sand overthepast40years theyhavecreatedaprosperous littleCuba intheMiamiarea Asianimmigrants Chinese AmongtheAsianimmigrants theChinesewerethefirstAsianstocometotheUnitedStates Beginningin1847 whenyoungmalepeasantscametoworkinAmericainmines onrailroads andinagriculturalfields theChinesegraduallyranintoeconomicandculturalfearsofthewhitemajority Facingthis theChinesedidnottrytoassimilatebutinsteadgravitatedto Chinatowns Audio Discriminatoryimmigrationandnaturalizationretractions imposedbeginningin1882 werenotremoveduntiltheendofWorldWarII SincethattimetheChinesehasmovedintothemainstreamofAmericansociety andt