紫外光辐照论文：接枝聚合对聚合物的表面改性与性能表征.doc

紫外光辐照论文：接枝聚合对聚合物的表面改性与性能表征【中文摘要】本论文主要研究了紫外光引发以及低温等离子体引发两种接枝聚合方法对聚合物的表面改性与性能表征。首先研究了紫外光引发接枝聚合对聚合物的表面改性。以二苯甲酮(BP)为光引发剂,在尼龙(NL)无纺布表面接枝丙烯腈(AN)或丙烯酰胺(AM)单体。利用衰减全反射红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)分析证明单体已接枝到尼龙无纺布样品表面。详细研究了接枝反应条件对接枝率的影响规律。接枝率随光照时间的延长而增大；随着单体浓度的增大,接枝率几乎呈现出线性增长的趋势；接枝率随着引发剂浓度的增加,呈现出先增大后减小的趋势。研究了接枝率对溶胀度、染色性能的影响,发现溶胀度和碱性染料上染率都随着接枝率的增加而增加,说明接枝后尼龙无纺布的亲水性和可染性都得到提高。提高了接枝后尼龙无纺布对Cu2+的分离性能。利用热重分析(TGA)对接枝样品的热稳定性能进行了表征,发现接枝后尼龙无纺布的热稳定性降低；接枝样品的残炭量高于未接枝样品的残炭量,并且实验残炭量高于理论残炭量,说明接枝层在受热过程中不仅自身参与成炭,而且还促进了基体聚合物的成炭,这与点燃时间的延长相互一致,表明通过紫外光引发接枝聚合的方法可以提高尼龙无纺布的阻燃性。以二苯甲酮(BP)为光引发剂,在聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)无纺布表面接枝丙烯酰胺(AM)单体。利用ATR-FTIR分析证明单体已接枝到PET无纺布样品表面。详细研究了接枝反应条件对接枝率的影响规律。接枝率随光照时间的延长而增大；随着单体浓度的增大,接枝率几乎呈现出线性增长的趋势；接枝率随着引发剂浓度的增加而增大。研究了接枝率对溶胀度、染色性能的影响,发现溶胀度和碱性染料上染率都随着接枝率的增加而增加,说明接枝后PET无纺布的亲水性和可染性都得到提高。提高了接枝后PET无纺布对Cu2+的分离性能。研究了接枝样品点燃时间的变化情况,发现点燃时间随着接枝率的增加而延长,说明通过紫外光引发接枝聚合的方法也可以提高PET无纺布的阻燃性。其次研究了等离子体引发接枝丙烯腈对PET薄膜的表面改性。接枝反应温度、反应时间、单体浓度和溶剂对接枝率有很大影响。反应温度愈高,接枝率愈大,当反应温度达到溶液的沸点时,接枝率急剧增大；随着单体浓度的增大,接枝率几乎呈现出线性增长的趋势；接枝率随反应时间的延长而增大。溶剂对接枝反应有较大的影响,当选用(甲醇+水)作为混合溶剂时,接枝率随着水与醇的体积比的增加而增加。当选用(乙醇+水)或(异丙醇+水)作为混合溶剂时,水与醇的体积比为零(即溶剂为纯乙醇或异丙醇)时接枝率最大,当溶剂中有水时,接枝率下降。利用ATR-FTIR. SEM分析证明了丙烯腈单体已接枝聚合到PET薄膜样品表面。【英文摘要】This paper studied the surface modification and characterization of polymer by UV-irradiation and plasma induced grafting polymerization.Firstly, this paper studied the surface modification of polymer by UV-irradiation induced grafting polymerization. Acrylonitrile or acrylamide monomer was grafted onto the surfaces of nylon non-woven by UV-irradiation under the initiator of benzophenone, and it was confirmed by ATR-FTIR and SEM analysis. The influence of grafting reaction condition to the grafting ratio was also investigated. The grafting ratio increases along with the prolonging of UV-irradiation time. The grafting ratio was proportion to the increase of monomer concentration. With the increase of initiator concentration, the grafting ratio increased first and then decreased. The influence of grafting ratio to the swelling ratio and dyeability was also investigated. The swelling ratio increases steadily with the increase of grafting ratio. The dyeability of nylon non-woven was improved after grafting. The separation performance of nylon non-woven to Cu2+ was also improved after grafting. The thermal stability of the grafted sample was characterized by TGA. The thermal stability decreases after nylon grafted with acrylonitrile or acrylamide. The char residue of the grafted sample increases comparing with that of virgin nylon. The experimental char residue is greater than the theoretical. It indicates that the grafted layer not only can be charred in the thermal degradation stage, but can also promote charring of the substrate polymer. The result is consistent with the prolonging of ignition time, which indicated that the flame retardancy of nylon non-woven can be improved by UV-irradiation induced grafting polymerization.Acrylamide monomer was grafted onto the surfaces of PET non-woven by UV-irradiation under the initiator of benzophenone, and it was confirmed by ATR-FTIR analysis. The influence of grafting reaction condition to the grafting ratio was also investigated. The grafting ratio increases along with the prolonging of UV-irradiation time. The grafting ratio was proportion to the increase of monomer concentration. With the increase of initiator concentration, the grafting ratio increased. The influence of grafting ratio to the swelling ratio and dyeability was also investigated. The swelling ratio increases steadily with the increase of grafting ratio. The dyeability of PET non-woven was improved after grafting. The separation performance of PET non-woven to Cu2+ was also improved after grafting. The ignition time of the grafted sample was investigated. The time of ignition was extended along with the increase of grafting ratio. The result indicated that the flame retardancy of PET non-woven can be improved by UV-irradiation induced grafting method.Secondly, this paper also studied the surface modification of PET by grafting with acrylonitrile through plasma-induced grafting polymerization. The grafting conditions of reaction temperature, monomer concentration, reaction time and solvent had great influence to the grafting ratio. The higher the reaction temperature was, the higher the grafting ratio was. The grafting ratio increased sharply when the reaction temperature reached boiling temperature of the reaction solution. The grafting ratio was proportion to the increase of monomer concentration. The grafting ratio increases along with the prolonging of reaction time. The solvent had great influence to the grafting reaction. The grafting ratio increased with the volume ratio of water to alcohol when using methanol and water as mixed solvent for PET grafting polymerization with acrylonitrile. If the volume ratio is zero, that is to say, only using ethanol or isopropanol as the solvent, the grafting ratio has maximum value. The grafting ratio decreases when the solvent contains water. It was confirmed that acrylonitrile monomer was grafted onto the PET surface by ATR-FTIR and SEM analysis.【关键词】紫外光辐照 等离子体 表面改性 接枝 聚合 尼龙无纺布 聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯 丙烯腈 丙烯酰胺【英文关键词】UV irradiation Plasma Surface modification Grafting Polymerization Nylon non-woven Polyethylene terephthalate Acrylonitrile Acrylamide【目录】接枝聚合对聚合物的表面改性与性能表征中文摘要7-9ABSTRACT9-10第一章 文献综述11-201.1 紫外光引发接枝聚合对聚合物的表面改性11-141.2 等离子体引发接枝聚合对聚合物的表面改性14-1