古港古村介绍ok(中英).doc

黄埔古港古村简介A brief Introduction of（to） Ancient Huangpu Port and Village黄埔村位于海珠区东部，与黄埔区长洲隔江相望，总面积60公顷，现户籍人口3580人，总户数1177户。村里现有梁、冯、胡、罗等主姓及关、黄、卫、陈等姓氏。黄埔村又名凤浦、凰洲。早在北宋时期已聚居成村，至南宋时期，黄埔古港已是“海舶所集之地”。清康熙二十四年（1685），清政府设立江、浙、粤、闽四大海关，次年粤海关在黄埔村设黄埔挂号口（即粤海关的检查站），征收关税。并明文规定“凡载洋货入口外国商船，不得沿江湾泊，必须下锚黄埔，并不得在别地秘密将商品销买”。1757年，清政府独留粤海关“一口通商”，广州成为当时唯一的对外贸易口岸，在对外贸易史上有举足轻重的作用。据统计，1758-1838年的80年间就有5107艘外国船只在这里停泊，黄埔古港实际为贸易全球化提供了一个平台。当时，从对外贸易出口总值来看，黄埔古港也占有绝对优势。以1871年为例，广东外贸出口总值为2348万元，占全国的60%，而通过黄埔古港出口的就有1971万元，占广东外贸出口总值的80%以上；这也就是说，当时接近一半的全国外贸出口总值是通过黄埔古港实现的。黄埔古港最兴旺时，同时锚泊的外国商船曾达6个国家的86艘之多。十三行到黄埔村一带江面帆影绰绰，往来穿梭，十分壮观，连外国人都惊叹说：“珠江上船舶运行忙碌的情景，就像伦敦桥下的泰晤士河，不同的是，这里还有大帆船，在外国人眼里没有比排列在这长达几里的帆船更为壮观的了。”黄埔古港不仅仅是广州的黄埔古港，而是中国的黄埔古港，世界的黄埔古港。Huangpu Village is located in the east of Haizhu District, facing Changzhou in Huangpu District across the river. With a total area of 60ha., the village currently has 3,580 permanent residents and 1,177 households. The most common surnames in the village are Liang, Feng, Hu, Luo, Guan, Huang, Wei and Chen. Huangpu Village is also known as Fengpu and Huangzhou. It took shape during the Northern Song. The ancient Huangpu Port had become “a place where ships converge” during the Southern Song. In the 24th year during the Kangxi Reign of Qing Dynasty (1685), four customs houses were established in Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Guangdong and Fujian respectively. In 1686, the Yue (Guangdong) Customs House set up a registration office (namely, the checkpoint for Guangdong Customs House) to collect tariffs and stipulated in explicit terms that “foreign merchant ships with imported goods were not permitted to be berthed along the river and were required to anchor at Huangpu as well as were not allowed to trade secretly in the other places”. In 1757, the Qing government retained Guangdong Customs House only for the Canton System so that Guangzhou became the only foreign trade port in China then and played a decisive role in the history of foreign trade. According to statistics, during the 80 years from 1758 to 1838, altogether 5,107 foreign ships were anchored at the ancient Huangpu Port, providing a platform for trade globalization. From the point of view of the then gross foreign trade value, the port had an absolute advantage. Take the year 1871 as an example, the gross foreign trade value of Guangdong was 23.48 million, accounting for 60% of China. The exports from the ancient Huangpu Port reached 19.71 million, accounting for over 80% of Guangdongs gross foreign trade value. This is to say, approximately half the national gross foreign trade value was achieved through the ancient Huangpu Port. In its most flourishing period, there were 86 ships from 6 countries anchored at the port. The ships came and went on the river from the Thirteen Hongs to Huangpu Village. Even the foreigners said: “The ships on the bustling Pearl River are just like those on the Thames River under the London Bridge. The difference is the big sailing boats here. Nothing is more magnificent than the sailing boats in a long row for a foreigner.” The ancient Huangpu Port is not only for Guangzhou but also for China and the world.黄埔村保留有大量岭南建筑风格特色的历史文物建筑，砖雕、木雕、灰塑、镬耳屋及青石板路随处可见。据第三次全国文物普查结果显示，村内至今还保留有清代祠堂14座、家塾4座、宫庙1座，商业街遗址2处，以及数十座建于清代的民居。Huangpu Village has well-preserved historical buildings with Lingnan style. Tile carving, wood carving, clay sculptures, wok-ear-shaped houses and slate roads can be seen everywhere in the village. According to the 3rd national cultural relics census, the village still retains 14 ancestral temples of the Qing Dynasty, 4 old-style private schools, 1 temple, 2 sites of commercial streets and tens of dwelling houses built during the Qing Dynasty.黄埔村还是一个名人辈出的典型侨乡。其独特的地理优势使中西文化思想相结合，涌现出大批在近代中国经济文化转型中发挥重要作用的历史名人，如身兼三国领事的“黄埔先生”胡璇泽、著名铁路和公路建设专家胡栋朝、清朝著名外交家梁诚、十三行天宝行创始人梁经国、“永丰舰”舰长冯肇宪、岭南糖业先驱冯锐等。Huangpu Village is also a typical hometown of overseas Chinese. Thanks to its unique geographic advantages, it combines the Chinese and Western cultures and ideologies and is home to celebrities who played an important role in the economic and cultural transformation of modern China such as “Mister Huangpu”, Hu Xuanze who acted as consul of three countries, Theodone C. Hu as a well-known railway and highway construction expert, Liang Cheng as a reputable diplomat during the Qing Dynasty, Liang Jingguo as the founder of the Thirteen Hongs-Tianbao Hong, Feng Zhaoxian as the captain of “Yung Feng Gunboat”, Feng Rui as a pioneer in the Lingnan sugar industry.黄埔村还保留有丰富的岭南民俗文化。如元宵的花灯、清明的祭祀、北帝诞的飘色、端午节的赛龙舟、中秋节的拜月等传统节庆活动；艇仔粥、盆粉、虾饺、烧卖、黄埔炒蛋等岭南传统美食。Huangpu Village still retains rich Lingnan folk culture such as traditional celebration events: lanterns in the Lantern Festival, sacrifice on the Tomb-Sweeping Day, Piaose performance for the Northern Emperors Birthday, dragon boat racing in the Dragon Boat Festival and moon salutation in the Mid-autumn Festival. It is home to traditional Lingnan food including Sampan Congee, Pengfen, Shrimp Dumplings, Siu Mai and Huangpu Scrambled Eggs.黄埔村丰富的历史文化资源引起了专家、学者的关注，并得到省市领导的重视。2009年，海珠区政府启动了黄埔古港古村历史文化景区保护工程，按照“村港一体”的宗旨，通过市政工程、立面整饰工程、景观绿化工程、古建筑修缮工程和水利河道工程五大部分对古港古村周边环境进行升级改造。并建有粤海第一关纪念馆、黄埔古村人文历史展览馆和韩艳剪纸馆作为呈现黄埔古港古村历史文化的载体。 The rich historical and cultural resources of Huangpu Village have aroused the attention of experts and scholars and received much attention from the municipal and provincial leaders. In 2009, the government of Haizhu District launched the protection project for the historical and cultural attractions in the ancient Huangpu Village to upgrade and transform the environment around the ancient port and village through municipal works, facade renovation project, landscape engineering, ancient architecture repair project and hydraulic riverway project in line with the purpose of “integration of vill