英语语法省略与高考.doc

英语语法省略与高考 英语中为了避免重复，往往省去一个词语或更多成分，这种语法现象称为省略。 省略的情况复杂、多样，综合近年来的高考题，常在以下几个方面对省略进行考查。一、 考查状语从句中的省略 例1. When first _to the market, these products enjoyed great success. (2004高考) A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced2._with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. (2004湖北) A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared 3.The research is so designed that once nothing can be done to change it. (2002年全国)A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun Key：1.B 2.D 3.D 简析 状语从句中，如果主句的主语和从句的主语一致，且状语从句的谓语动词中有be动词，从句的主语连同be可一起省略，该类状语从句多为时间、地点、条件、方式或让步等，连词为when, while, though, if, unless, although, as if 等，后面通常接分词、不定式、形容词、名词等。 例 Look out for cars when （you are） crossing the street. 另外，在when /if it is necessary , possible 结构中， it is 通常省略。 例 Drop in on me if (it is ) possible.二、 考查定语从句中关系代词及关系副词的省略 例.1.Thats an unpleasant thing to say about your father after _ hes done for you. (2004高考) A. something B. anything C. all D. that 2. Playing tricks on others is _we should never do. (2004湖南)A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing 3. What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it. (2004湖北)A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way whichKey: 1.C 2.B 3.A 简析 关系代词在限制性定语从句中充当宾语且不位于介词之后可以省略； 关系副词 that在先行词reason/ way后的省略。 例 This is the reason why / for which / that/省略 he was late. (that 为关系副词，可省略)三、不定式符号to 的省略例:1.A computer does only what thinking people _. (1999上海)A. have it do B. have it done C. have done it D. having it done 2. Weve missed the last bus. Im afraid we have no choice but _ a taxi. (1993上海) A. to take B. taking C. take D. taken Key: 1.A 2.A 简析: 不定式在感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice, look at , listen to, overhear, observe 和使役动词 have, make, let 后作宾语补足语时, 不定式省略to 。 例 I watched him disappear in the distance. 不定式符号to在介词but ,except, besides后的省略。介词but ,except, besides 后接不定式作宾语时，介词前有行为动词do ,不定式要省去to。例We did nothing but/except wait then. 不定式符号to作表语时的省略。当主语部分有行为动词do, 作表语的不定式to可省略。例What I want to do now is find some books to read.四、考查不定式后动词的省略例: 1.- Would you like to go to the Great Theatre with me tonight. - _. (1999上海高考) A. Yes, I would like to go to the Great Theater with you tonight. B. Id love to, but I have an exam tomorrow. C. No, I wouldnt D. Thats all right 2.- Does your brother intend to study Germany? - Yes, he intends _. (1998上海高考) A. / B. to C. so D. that 3.- Ill be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my car? - Not at all. _. (1995NMET) A. Ive no time B. Id rather not C. Id like it D. Id be happy to Key: 1.B 2.B 3.D 简析 动词love, mean, want, hate, like, wish, expect, hope，try, intend, plan, refuse, prefer, seem 及be glad (pleased, delighted, happy) to 等后面接不定式时，为避免重复，常省略与上文相同的动词，只保留to不定式符号。 例- How about going for a walk ? - Id like to ( go for a walk ) . 句式would have done , should have done, ought to have done, neednt have done , used to be 等省略形式为 would have , should have , ought to have, neednt have , used to be, 要保留不定式后的be或have。 例 -Are you a sailor ? - No, but I used to be (a sailor ). 五、对替代词so 及not 的考查 1. - You havent lost the ticket, have you ? - _. I know its not easy to get another one at the moment. (2004江苏高考) A. I hope not B. Yes, I have C. I hope so D. Yes, Im afraid so 2. - The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they ? - _. (2003北京春)A. I guess not so B. I dont guess C. I dont guess so D. I guess not 3.- I believe weve met somewhere before . - No, _. (2000北京春) A. it isnt the same B. it cant be true C. I dont think so D. Id rather not Key: 1.A 2.D 3.C 简析 替代词so / not用于避免重复前面所说过的内容，代替肯定的名词性从句。可与动词believe , do, expect, fear, guess, hope, say, speak, suppose, think 等及 Im afraid连用。肯定时上列动词都可与so 搭配，否定时hope与guess 只用I hope not 和I guess not 形式，而think ,believe , suppose 等词可有两种否定形式 ，即：I think not 或I dont think so. 例 - Is he going to study abroad? - I believe so. ( so = he is going to study abroad ) 六、 考查虚拟语气中if 及should 的省略 1._ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. ( 1994上海 )A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will 2.What would have happened _ as far as the river bank ? (2001上海高考) A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther 3.Janes pale face suggested that she _ ill, and her parents suggested that she _ a medical examination. ( 1994上海高考) A. be, should have B. was, have C. should be, had D. was, has4._be sent to work there ? (2002上海高考)A. Who do you suggest B. Who do you suggest that shouldC. Do you suggest who should D. Do you suggest Key: 1.B 2.C 3.B 4.A 简析 在书面语中, 当条件从句有were, had, should 时省略if , 把它们提至句首, 形成倒装句式。 在含有建议、要求、命令等相关的名词性从句用should + V ，should 可以省略。 例 He suggested that she (should ) go at once. 注suggest表示“暗示” 时用陈述语气 七、 会话中的省略 例: 1.- Guess what ! I came across an old friend at the party last night.- _. Im sure you had a wonderful time. (2004辽宁) A. Sounds good! B. Very well C. How nice ! D. All right ! 2.- Lets go and have a good drink tonight. - _ Have you got the first prize in the competition? (2004重庆) A. What for ? B. Thanks a lot . C. Yes, Id like to D. Why not ? 3. -Brad was Janes brother! - _ he reminded me so much of Jane ! (2004浙江) A. No doubt B. Above all C. No wonder D. Of course 4. If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better _ it youve got some big bills coming. (2004广东高考) A. forget B. forgot C. forgetting D. to forget Key: 1.C 2.A 3.C 4.A 简析 省略在会话中广泛应用，解题时应按照问话或答语的具体内容补充完整, 做好该类题型一是要注意上下文语境，二是要注意常见句式的省略。英语中常见句式的省略有： 1.It is (that) 强调句式中that 部分省略。 2.(It is) No wonder ( 难怪) 3.(Is there) Anything else ? 4.(Youd) Better do 5.have some difficulty( in) doing, prevent sb (from) doing sth 等词组中介词在口语中常省略例: 1.- Where did you see him last night? - It was in the hotel _ he stayed. A. where B. that C. which D. /2. You cant imagine the great difficulty I had _ your house. A. finding B. found C. to find D. find key 1.A 2.A 简析 第1题可以补全强调句式that 部分： It was in the hotel where he stayed that I saw him last night. hotel 后为定语从句。 第2题是对have difficulty in doing sth 词组置于定语从句的考查，介词in 的省略加大了该题的难度。 高考链接 1. - Go for a picnic this weekend, OK? - _. I love getting close to nature. (2004福建) A. I couldnt agree more B. Im afraid not C. I believe not D. I dont think so 2. - Susan, will you please go and empty that drawer ? - _? (2004 全国I 卷) A. What for B. What is it C. How is it D. How come 3. It is easy to do the repair. _ you need is a hammer and some nails. (2004天津高考) A. Something B. All C. Both D. Everything 4. Unless _ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. (2003年上海春季高考) A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited 5. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if_ whether he was going in the right direction. （2003年北京春季） A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see 6. Though _ money, his parents managed to send him