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题名：地下结构地震反应位移法设计参数研究作者：王星尔语种：chi学科：结构工程学位：硕士学校：南京工业大学院系：土木工程学院专业：结构工程导师姓名：徐秀丽完成日期：2014-06-10题目(外文)：Research on Design Parameters of Seismic Response Displacement Method For Underground Structures关键字(中文)：反应位移法 地下结构 用户子程序 粘弹性边界单元 等效线性化方法关键字(外文)：displacement response method underground structures user subroutines viscoelastic boundary element equivalent linear method文摘：对于一般城市地下结构（公路隧道、盾构隧道、地下管线等），运用较广泛且比较简便的抗震设计方法为反应位移法。反应位移法设计参数主要包括地层相对位移、土层剪应力和结构加速度，其中相对位移和土层剪应力占主导地位。规范选取这些设计参数时要做较精确的自由场分析以确定位移或剪应力，然而由于选取地震波差异会导致自由场地震分析的结果差别较大，难以取舍。规范同时规定参数也可按照简易公式来确定，而简易公式在同一场地类型得到的结果是唯一的，并没有考虑到该场地可能存在剪切波速范围差异较大的场地土，且安全因数过高，容易造成浪费。因此通过大量地震波工况下精确的自由场分析并归纳出简便易取的参数选值方式对实际工程应用具有很大实用价值。本文以反应位移法的设计参数为研究对象，首先，根据规范要求选用的一维场地地震分析软件EERA的理论基础，开发嵌入ABAQUS软件的子程序。其次，选用三类满足规范等效波速范围的典型场地土，分别选取24条近场及远场地震波，利用嵌入子程序的ABAQUS软件进行固定地震动加速度峰值（PGA）工况（72个）的自由场分析，并归纳出设计参数极值对应的地震波作为包络地震波（8条），随后利用包络地震波进行全部PGA工况（192个）的自由场地震分析，通过分析结果给出相应场地反应位移法设计参数取值范围。最后，分析包络地震波全部PGA工况下由于地下结构的存在（128个工况）与明挖覆土固结（128个工况）导致的围岩扰动对设计参数造成的影响。本文主要研究成果如下：（1）通过等效线性化方法扩大了粘弹性边界和波动输入应用范围，用基于ABAQUS二次开发的UTRACLOAD和DLOAD荷载子程序实现粘弹性边界波动输入，并用弹性地层数值算例验证了该程序的正确性。该成果为ABAQUS分析地震作用下土与结构相互作用（SSI）提供了应用基础。（2）利用UMAT子程序建立了岩土等效线性粘弹性模型，结合波动输入的荷载子程序，分别在均质非线性和成层非线性地层数值算例中分析其自由场数值解与EERA解析解偏差，分析结果表明其具有良好应用性和精度，同时也说明了在实际岩土工程地震时程分析时应该尽可能采用实际成层场地土分析，如用波速等效方法得到的均质地层进行分析，将会使地震反应明显小于实际情况。该成果同时拓展了ABAQUS软件岩土本构模型库。（3）相同PGA地震作用下近场和远场地震土层剪应力值非常接近，且不同剪切波速场地下的剪应力基本相同，而远场地震土层相对位移明显大于近场地震作用下的相对位移。（4）从全部PGA地震分析结果中拟合出不同等效剪切波速范围内的场地土层相对位移的简要参考公式和以公式表示的土层剪应力上下限范围。该成果可以在满足规范要求下给出比规范公式更高精度的抗震设计参数，并且取值也更加简便。（5）当考虑地下结构存在对围岩扰动时，分析结果显示其对土层相对位移影响较小，但对结构侧壁深度方向的剪应力分布有较大影响，结构侧壁范围内剪应力存在两个波峰；考虑明挖覆土固结时，土层相对位移和剪应力值均会明显偏大，结构深度范围内的极值可能达到只含有结构时的两倍，其剪应力分布和仅含结构时相似。（6）考虑到设计时安全因数的放大，规范简易公式对等效剪切波速小于200m/s的场地适用性较高，但是相对位移计算结果特征和目前研究结论有差异，值得商榷。场地土较硬的类场地（波速大于200m/s较多）不建议使用规范公式，其结果过于高估地震反应。（7）通过分析考虑结构扰动和考虑覆土固结扰动时的地震反应结果，提出将扰动范围限制为：1，考虑结构扰动时范围为侧边2/3 B（可适当放宽到1/2 B）及下方1/2 H框出的范围内（上方土层厚度不足1/2 H时可直接取至地面）；2，考虑覆土固结扰动时范围为侧边2/3 B（可适当放宽至1/2 B）及下方H框出的范围内（上方土层厚度不足H时直接取至地面），B、H分别为结构宽度和高度。该结论可以补充现有改进反应位移法对于土层选择范围和依据的不足而应用在由土-结构作用直接方法推导出的改进位移法中。文摘（外文）：Response displacement method is one simple and widely used seismic design method for common urban underground structures (road tunnel, shield tunnel, underground pipeline etc.). Its design parameters mainly includes soil relative displacement, soil shear stress and structure acceleration, the relative displacement and soil shear stress dominated seismic response. Specification requires doing accurate analysis of the free field to determine the displacement or shear stress when selects design parameters, however results of free field seismic analysis using several seismic waves may be quite different, and that would be difficult to choose parameters. Specification also states that parameters can be chosen in accordance with the simple formula, but simple formula achieves one same result in one type site without considering different shear velocity range of this site, and its high safety factor easily caused wastes of resources. So it has practical value in engineering applications to summarize convenient parameter selecting method using free field analysis with large amount of seismic conditions. This article sets design parameter of response displacement method as research project, firstly use user defined subroutines to achieve analysis process of one-dimensional site seismic analysis software EERA based on its theory, and embed subroutines in ABAQUS. Then choose three typical distributions of site soil within equivalent wave speed range that specification demands, respectively choose 24 near-field and far-field seismic waves and carry out free field seismic analysis (72 conditions) with fixed peak ground acceleration (PGA) using software ABAQUS within embedded subroutines, and summarize those waves corresponding to extreme seismic design parameters as envelope waves (8 ones each site), then carry out free field seismic analysis (192 conditions) with all PGA and present value selecting methods of design parameters after analyzing results of all PGA. Finally, analyze influence on design parameters by disturbance of surrounding rock generated by appearance of underground structures and filled soil consolidation in open cut method in conditions of all PGA. Main research results of this article shows as follows: Extend existing viscoelastic boundary element and corresponding wave input method using equivalent linearization method, and carry out seismic wave input method of viscoelastic boundary using UTRACLOAD and DLOAD subroutines based on ABAQUS secondary development platform, and homogeneous elastic models numerical analysis result shows correctness of these subroutines. This achievement could provide application foundation for Soil Structure Interaction (SSI) analysis under seismic waves using ABAQUS. Geotechnical equivalent linear viscoelastic model is established using UMAT (user defined material) subroutine, homogeneous nonlinear and nonlinear layered soil model is established to analyze its deviation between free field FEM numerical solution and analytical solutions of EERA combined with the wave input subroutine, analysis results show that it has good applicability and accuracy, and it also illustrates that we should use practical layered soil to do seismic time history analysis of geotechnical engineering, because seismic response of equivalent homogeneous soil created using wave velocity equivalent method is obviously smaller than actual situation. This achievement also extends geotechnical constitutive model library of ABAQUS. Near-field and far-field earthquake soil shear stress value is very close under same PGA ground motions, and shear stress are basically the same in different shear wave velocity site, relative displacement of soil under far-field earthquake is obviously larger than that under near-field earthquake. Fit brief reference formula of relative displacement and soil shear stress bound of different sites with equivalent shear wave velocity range after analyzing seismic results of all PGA. This achievement could provide more accurate seismic design parameters than formula in specification while meets the specification requirements. Results show that its influence on soil relative displacement is quite small when disturbance of surrounding rock generated by appearance of structure is considered, but distribution of shear stress along depth of structural side wall change a lot, its distribution has two wave crests along that depth above; Soil relative displacement and shear stress would be larger when considers filled soil consolidation in open cut method, peak value of response along depth may stiffen to double its original value and shear stress distribution is similar to that of considering only structural appearance. Simple formula of specification has high capability used in the site which equivalent shear velocity is smaller than 200m/s when considers about enlarger design safety factor, but there are questionable difference between characteristics of calculating relative displacement and current research conclusions. Class II site with quite hard soil (shear velocity larger than 200m/s) is not suggested to use simple formula of specification, its result overestimate seismic response too much. After analyzing seismic responses of conditions considering about disturbance of underground structure or filled soil consolidation, this article suggests that: 1, Disturbance zone of condition considering about underground structure is 2/3 B (sometimes could be set as 1/2 B) on both sides and 1/2 H below( it could be selected to ground surface when depth of soil above is smaller than 1/2 H); 2, Disturbance zone of condition considering about filled soil consolidation is 2/3 B (sometimes could be set as 1/2 B) on both sides and H below( it could be selected to ground surface when depth of soil above is smaller than H), B and H means width and height of structure. This conclusion could supplement deficiency of improved response displacement method while selects magnitude of soil zone and its selecting basis so that it could be used in that improved method which is deduced using direct method of soil-structure interaction.论文目录：摘 要 . . . IABSTRACT . . III第一章 绪论 . . . . 11.1 选题背景 . . . 11.2 地下结构抗震研究历史与现状 . . . 21.2.1 拟静力法工程运用和研究优化 . . 21.2.2 数值分析 在地下结构破坏机理研究中的应用 . . 31.2.3 国内地下结构抗震设计规范发展 . . 31.3 抗震分析方法 . . . . 41.3.1 相互作用法 . . . 41.3.2 实用抗震分析方法 . . . 51.4 本文主要研究工作 . . . 6第二章 地下结构震动响应理论基础. . 82.1 引言 . . . . 82.2 反应位移法理论基础 . . . 82.2.1 反应位移法理论推导 . . . 82.2.2 反应位移法用步骤 . . . 112.3 动力时程分析法理 论基础 . . . 122.3.1 隐式积分算法 . . . 122.3.2 地震波分类选取 . . . 132.3.3 地震波基线校正 . . . 142.4 本章小结 . . . 19第三章 基于 ABAQUS 子程序的 EERA 程序二次开发 . . 203.1 引言 . . 203.2 人工边界地震动输入方法实现 . . . 203.2.1 粘弹性边界单元 . . . 213.2.2 波动输入实现 . . . 223.2.3 土体本构模型实现 . . . 253.3 地层非线性条件震动输入精度分析 . . 293.4 本章小结 . . . . 32第四章 反应位移法设计参数研究 . 344.1 引言 . . . 344.2 自由场设计 参数统. . . 344.2.1 地震波工况 . . . 344.2.2 场地土体分布 . . . 364.2.3 自由场参数归纳 . . . 384.3 结构存在及覆土固对设计参数影响 . . 554.3.1 计算模型 . . . . 554.3.2 固结应力相关土体动特性的研究基础 . . 564.3.3 结构紧邻位置果分析 . . . 574.3.4 结构远距位置果分析 . . . 604.5 本章小结 . . . . 67第五章 结论与展望 . . . . 685.1 本文主要结论 . . . 685.2 展望 . . 69参考文献 . . 70攻读硕士期间发表的论文 . 73一、学术论文发表情况 . . . 73二、参与的工程项目 . . 73致 谢 . . 74开放日期：2016-01-31题名：城市浅层地温开发利用规制研究作者：顾艳语种：chi学科：建筑与土木工程（专业学位）学位：硕士学校：南京工业大学院系：土木工程学院专业：建筑与土木工程导师姓名：汪霄完成日期：2014-06-05题目(外文)：Research on the Development and Utilization Regulation of Urban Shallow Geothermal Energy关键字(中文)：浅层地温能 开发利用 政府规制 激励规制关键字(外文)：Shallow geothermal energy Development and Utilization Government regulation Incentive Regulation文摘：随着我国资源能源枯竭、环境污染、气候变暖等一系列问题的日益突出，开发利用浅层地温能等清洁能源，为实现建筑节能和低碳环保，促进能源结构转变，保障能源安全提供了新思路。如何实现浅层地温能资源合理利用，促进行业可持续发展是目前城市浅层地温开发利用中亟待解决的问题，也是本文研究的重点。首先，本文对国内外浅层地温能开发利用和政府规制的现状进行分析，从相关政策法规、城市浅层地温能开发利用以及地源热泵系统能效三个方面阐述。并对我国目前城市浅层地温能开发利用出现的问题进行了深入研究，指出政府规制可以促进浅层地温能可持续开发利用。其次，分析浅层地温能行业发展的关联行业及上下游关系，结合浅层地温能资源的特性，构建浅层地温能开发利用的政府规制体系，并从公共利益的角度面进行具体规制内容研究。结合目前各城市的补贴现象研究政府激励规制的不足，通过定性与定量分析相结合，分析不同补贴对象的优缺点，找出有效的激励对象，完善政府激励规制措施。最后，本文以南京市浅层地温能资源开发利用为例，分析了浅层地温能开发利用现状以及政府规制出现的问题，并针对相关问题提出解决的意见与建议，以保证南京市浅层能地温能政府规制措施行之有效。通过研究，本文将政府规制运用到浅层地温能开发利用过程中，为促进和规范我国城市地热资源可持续利用提供思路和参考，同时对我国提倡建筑节能、利用可再生能源等工作具有积极作用。文摘（外文）：Along with a series of problem becoming increasingly prominent, such as energy depletion, environmental pollution, climate warming and so on, development and utilization of shallow geothermal energy and other clean energy provide new ideas of building energy saving, environmental protection, promoting energy structural change and energy security. How to realize rational use of shallow geothermal energy resources and promote the industry sustainable development is the problem needs to be solved urgently, also is the main content in this study.Firstly, this article analyses the present situation of development, utilization and government regulation of shallow geothermal energy at home and abroad, and expatiate on three aspects: the related policies and regulations, urban development and utilization of shallow geothermal energy and energy efficiency of ground source heat pump system. After deeply researching issues that we met during urban development and utilization of shallow geothermal energy, we find the conclusion: government regulation can contribute to the sustainable development and utilization of shallow geothermal energy.Secondly, after analysis the association industry and the relationship between upstream and downstream of shallow geothermal energy industry, we construct the system of government regulation of shallow geothermal energy combined with its characteristics and research the concrete content of regulation from public interest point. Pointing the lack of subsidies of government incentive regulation, we can analysis the advantages of different subsidy object by qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis to find out the effective incentive object and perfect government incentive regulation.Finally, this paper takes shallow geothermal energy development and utilization in Nanjing as an example, analyzes the problems of shallow geothermal energy utilization and government regulation. Advice and recommendations are provided to solve relevant issues to ensure government regulation of shallow geothermal energy effective in Nanjing.Through the research, this paper applies government regulation to the process of shallow geothermal energy development and utilization, in order to improve and standardize the urban shallow geothermal energy sustainable development and utilization. At the same time, it plays a positive role for our China in promoting building energy saving and using renewable energy.论文目录：摘 要IABSTRACTII目 录IV图目录VIII表目录IX第1章 绪论11.1 研究背景与问题提出11.1.1 研究背景11.1.2 问题提出21.2 研究目的与意义31.2.1 研究目的31.2.2 研究意义41.3 研究方法与思路51.3.1 研究方法51.3.2 研究思路51.4 研究内容与创新点61.4.1 研究内容61.4.2 可能的创新点7第2章 研究基础82.1 浅层地温能应用相关文献综述82.1.1 国外学者对浅层地温能应用的研究82.1.2 国内学者对浅层地温能应用的研究92.2 政府规制相关文献综述112.2.1 国外学者对政府规制的研究112.2.2 国内学者对政府规制的研究122.3 理论基础132.3.1 公共利益理论132.3.2 规制需求理论142.3.3 激励性规制理论152.4 政府规制的内涵15第3章 城市浅层地温开发利用及规制现状分析173.1 国内城市浅层地温能开发利用及规制现状173.1.1 北京市浅层地温能开发利用及规制现状173.1.2 天津市浅层地温能开发利用及规制现状183.1.3 上海市浅层地温能开发利用及规制现状193.2 国外浅层地温能开发利用及规制现状203.2.1 冰岛地热资源开发利用及规制现状203.2.2 美国地热资源开发利用及规制现状213.2.3 日本地热资源开发利用及规制现状223.3 城市浅层地温开发利用及规制存在的问题233.3.1 城市浅层地温能开发利用存在的问题233.3.2 城市浅层地温能政府规制存在的问题24第4章 城市浅层地温能开发利用政府规制体系274.1 浅层地温能开发利用政府规制的依据和方法274.1.1 浅层地温能开发利用政府规制的依据274.1.2 浅层地温能开发利用政府规制的方法294.2 浅层地温能开发利用政府规制体系构建314.2.1 浅层地温能开发利用关联行业分析314.2.2 浅层地温能开发利用政府规制的边界324.2.3 浅层地温能开发利用政府规制体系内容334.3 浅层地温能开发利用政府经济性规制354.3.1 上游行业的经济性规制354.3.2 下游行业的经济性规制404.4 浅层地温能开发利用政府社会性规制434.4.1 环境规制434.4.2 健康规制444.4.3 安全规制44第5章 浅层地温能开发利用政府激励规制分析455.1政府激励规制概述455.2 浅层地温能开发利用政府激励规制的现状与问题分析455.2.1 浅层地温能开发利用政府激励规制现状465.2.2 浅层地温能开发利用政府激励规制存在的问题465.2.3 浅层地温能开发利用政府补贴激励的经济性分析475.3 浅层地温能开发利用政府激励规制的目标与效果分析485.3.1 浅层地温能行业政府激励规制的目标485.3.2 不同对象的政府补贴激励效果分析51第6章 南京市浅层地温能开发利用实证研究546.1 南京市浅层地地温能开发利用现状546.1.1 南京市浅层地温能建筑应用现状546.1.2 南京市浅层地温能资源建筑应用的能效分析556.1.3 南京市浅层地温能建筑项目物业管理596.1.4 南京市浅层地温能行业发展现状606.2南京市浅层地温能规制现状616.2.1 规制组织机构616.2.2 规制政策体系建立616.3南京朗诗钟山绿郡项目浅层地温能应用626.3.1 项目概况626.3.2 项目设备选择626