主谓一致原则面面观1doc.doc

主谓一致原则面面观诸城市龙源学校 李桂萍 孙培忠句子的谓语动词和主语必须保持人称和数的一致。对此很多学生用得很混乱,搞不明白是怎么回事?现归纳一下供同学们参考：总体分类:主谓一致 (一) 要掌握谓语动词用单数的情况(二)语动词用复数的情况(三)据主语的情况确定谓语动词单、复数的方法（一）谓语动词用单数的情况：（下列 5 种情况下, 谓语动词要用单数形式）1. 主语是不定式、动名词、从句、可数名词单数、不可数名词时，谓语动词要用单数形式 To see is to believe. To develop our industry and agriculture at a great speed is very necessary. Taking care of our environment is very important. Surfing is one of the most popular water sports. Whether we go or not depends on the weather. An elephant is much stronger than a horse. No news is good news. 2. 主语是单数代词、不定代词词 （either, neither, one, each）、复合代词（something, nothing, every one, no one）时，谓语动词用单数形式 She often teaches herself English. Neither of them wants to stop for a rest. Every one is here. No one is away. Something is wrong with the computer. There is nothing new in todays newspaper. 3. 主语是表示时间、金钱、重量 、价格 、数目 、长度 、数学运算等的词语时，谓语动词要用单数形式 Three months is a long time. Ten thousand dollars is a large amount of money, but it is far less than we need. Ten pounds is not so heavy. 100 yuan each ton is not dear. 1,000,000 is a great number. The number of the students in our school is two thousand. Fifteen divided by five is three. 4. 主语是 复数模样，但表示单数概念的名词（如 maths 数学, physics 物理, news 消息, James 詹姆士, the United States 美国, the “Arabian Nights 天方夜谈” 等）时，谓语动词要用单数形式 Maths is his favorite subject. The United States was founded in 1776. James was a great scientist. No news is good news. 5. 主语是单数可数名词，而前面又有many a（许多）, more than one （不 止一个）等定语修饰 ”时，谓语动词要用单数形式 Many a way has been tried. 。 More than one student has been to Macao. （二）谓语动词用复数形式的四种情况1. 主语是“复数名词或复数代词”时，谓语动词要用复数形式 The questions are very easy. They all come from Canada. 2. 主语是“ and 或 bothand 连接的并列主语”时，谓语动词要用复数形式 He and I have been good friends since we knew each other. Both teachers and students are invited to have dinner. Both water and food are important to men.3. 仅有复数形式的名词（如， clothes 衣服， trousers 裤子， shorts 短裤， glasses 眼镜， scissors剪刀， compasses 圆规 ）作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式 This pair of trousers look cool. The scissors are very sharp. This kind of compasses are very popular. 特别地：This pair of /This kind of 在句中作主语时, 如果后面的名词a.只有复数形式：谓语用复数 b. 有单复数形式:谓语用单数 This pair of shoes looks very nice. 这双鞋看上去很漂亮。 This pair of gloves looks very nice. 这副手套看上去很漂亮。 This pair of glasses look very nice. 这副眼镜看上去很漂亮。4. 主语是 “police 警察， people 人们” 时，谓语动词总是用复数形式 Are there any police around? The police warn the children not to play in the street. Many people have gone to the park already. How many people are there in your family? （三）根据主语确定谓语动词单、复数的6 种方法1. 临近原则：谓语动词用单数还是用复数，取决于最临近它的名词、代词或 其它词的单复数。另外：主语由连词eitheror 或者或者not onlybut (also) 不但而且not but 不是而是neithernor 既不也不连接时, 谓语动词的数与临近的主语一致由 Here, there引起的句子：如果主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数要和它临近的主语一致 There is a pen and two pencils on the desk. If either David or Janet comes, he or she will have a drink. Not only the students but also the teacher has been to America. Here is the key to the door. There comes the bus. 2. 两个主语由with 和一起/together with 和一起/along with 和一起/as well as 也；还有/but 除外只有/except 除外都/连接时，谓语动词在人称和数方面要和这些词前的主语一致 A woman with two children is asking for money. All the students except Tom have finished their homework. Some students as well as the teacher have gone to Qingdao. 3. 集体名词（如，family 家庭, class 班级, group 集团, team 队）等作主语时, 作为整体看待：谓语动词用单数形式指各个成员：谓语动词用复数形式 His family is very large. There are six people in it. His family were watching TV this time yesterday. His class is a good class. All class are studying hard. 4. 关系代词who, which, that 等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词在人称 和数方面要和句中的先行词保持一致 The man who lives next to us is a policeman. Those who want to go please sign your names here.5. 短语:a lot of（lots of） 许多/two fifths of 五分之二的/20% of 百分之二十的+ 名词,作主语时，谓语动词的数由名词的数决定 There are a lot of students on the blackboard. There is lots of water in the street. Three quarters of the worlds books and newspapers are written in English. 6. 单、复数形式相同的名词（如, sheep 绵羊, fish 鱼, deer 鹿, Japanese日本人，Chinese 中国人）作主语时，谓语动词要根据具体情况选用单复数 There are many sheep on the hill. A deer is a useful animal. 主谓一致专项练用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空1. Mr. Gong with his friends _ (play) volleyball every Saturday afternoon.2. If anybody _ (call), tell him Ill be back soon.3. I as well as you _ (be) a football fan.4. The number of the students in our school _ (be)over two thousand.5. A large number of necklaces _ (steal) last night.6. Neither of the twins _ (be) on the team now.7. His parents _ (go) to work by bike every day.8. Neither the students nor the teacher _ (be) in the classroom at the moment.9. The United States _ (be) a developed country.10. There _ (seem) to be a book and two magazines on the desk.11. Many a girl _ (like) dancing.12. My family _ (be) very large and _ (be) tall.13. About three hundred yuan _ (be) enough for a pair of shoes named “Red Dragonfly”.14. Nice to see you again. I _ (not, see) you for several years.15. Many old people _ (live) alone. 16.There _ (be) lots of sheep on the hill.17. My shoes _