牛津版高中英语第八讲.doc

Unit2 词汇表actn. 行动, 行为, 幕, 法案vi. 行动, 表演, 假装, 见效, 表现, 担当vt. 扮演, 装作in the act of 正做.的过程中辨析 act, action , activity action 意为“行动，行为”。该词偏重于抽象的行为，往往占时较长，包括不同步骤。其复数形式actions泛指人的“行为”，常与words（言语）对举。activity 意为“活动性，能动性，活跃”，该词常用复数，意为“活动，所做的事情”。act 作名次时意为“行为，动作”，指具体的、短暂的、个别的行为，有时可与action通用。辨析 act, perform , do , behave act 作不及物动词时意思是“做，表现，行动，行事”，多用于带有副词、副词短语、形容词补语的陈述句中，或用于表示专门行为的疑问句中，表示动作的状态。behave 是不及物动词，意思是“行为、表现、举止”，主要用于人和以道德标准衡量的人的行为，有时和反身代词连用表示“规规矩矩”。do 是表示“做”的最普通的用词，一般用作及物动词。perform 用作及物动词时作“执行，进行，履行”讲，其宾语多为表现工作、任务、职责等的名词。例句Many sodiers of both sides were killed in action. 双方都有许多士兵死于战斗。Too many extracurricular activities take up too much of our precious time for study. 课外活动太多,占去了我们很多宝贵的学习时间。He acted his part well. 他扮演的那个角色很成功。You behaved despicably! 你的行为真卑鄙!Ramona does a lot of jobs in the house, but her sister doesnt. 雷蒙娜在家里做很多活，可是她妹妹却不做。The singer performed beautifully. 这个歌手唱得好极了。典型试题The _ took place in a village. 故事发生在一个乡村。A.act B.action C.activityA newly-devised microcomputer can _ as a guide to a blind person. 一种新设计的微型计算机能够充任盲人的向导。A.act B.do C.perform D.behavevacationfestival一般是指节日,与holiday和vacation有比较明显的区别.请看以下比较.holiday(holidays),leave,vacation 这三个词都有“假日(期)”的意思，但含义用法并不相同。holiday(holidays)一般指“休假”Tom and I are going to have a holiday.我和汤姆准备去度假。Ive already had my holidays this year.我今年已经度过假了。During a holiday in Sweden,I found this note on my car.在瑞典度假期间，我在我的车子上发现了这张字条。Postcards always spoil my holidays.明信片总是弄得我过不好假日。My holidays passed quickly,but I did not send any cards to my friends.我的假日过的很快，但是我一张明信片也没有寄给朋友。注：have a (或ones)holiday 度假，during a holiday 在一次假期中。这种用法的holiday 总用单数形式，但并不只是“一天”假。 复数形式的holidays 泛指“假日”，如summer holidays 暑假。但“Sunday is a holiday ”中的holiday 却是“一天”的假。leave 指“请假”，被批准后离开自己的工作的一段时间He stays at home on sick leave.他请了病假呆在家里。He asked for a six months leave.他请了6个月的假。而 vacation 在英国指大学的寒暑假或法定不工作的日子，美国可指任何假日（期）The students are planning how to spend their summer vacation.这些大学生在计划着怎样过暑假。Mr. Fuller is on vacation now.费勒先生在度假。suppose suppose 的用法(2011-09-29 08:29:15)转载标签： 宾语从句条件状语从句插入语主句杂谈 分类： 英语学习 suppose 一词的用法很灵活，在高考中常以不同的面目出现。这里对 suppose 的用法进行归纳总结。1. suppose 意为“认为，猜测”，后常接“宾语宾语补足语”形式。 suppose sb./sth. (to be) 形容词 / 介词短语的结构。Everyone supposes him (to be) poor, but he is really quite wealthy. 大家都认为他很穷，实际上很很阔。She was supposed to be an excellent student in our school. 她被认为是我校优秀的学生。 suppose sb./sth. to have done 的结构。They supposed the paper to have been lost during the war. 他们认为那个文件在战争期间丢失了。The police arrested him because he was supposed to have killed the lady. 警察逮捕了他，认为他杀死了那位女士。 suppose it 形容词 / 名词 to do 的结构。 I suppose it my duty to help those in poverty. 我认为帮助那些处于贫困中的人是我的义务。2. suppose 可用于“ be supposed 不定式”的结构。 be supposed to do sth. should do sth. 意为“应该 / 理应做某事”，表示被期望或被要求（按规则、惯例）做某事。We are supposed to help each other. 我们理应互相帮助。（要求）You are supposed to hand in your papers before class is over. 希望你下课前交卷子。（期望） be not supposed to do sth. 常用来表示不允许或禁止做某事，表示委婉的禁止。Students are not supposed to play football in the classroom. 学生不允许在教室里踢足球。 be supposed to have done should have done ought to have done 表示“过去本该做某事但实际上未做”。The train is supposed to have arrived an hour ago. 火车应该在 1 小时前到达。3. suppose 可用过去完成时表示“未曾实现的愿望”。We had supposed that we would be able to see more of Shanghai, but time didnt permit. 我们本打算能多看看上海，但时间却不允许了。注意：与 suppose 这种用法相同的还有： hope, think, expect, mean, want, intend, plan （一些表示心理状态的动词）等。4. suppose 可用于“ suppose that （从句）”句型。What makes you suppose (that) Im against it? 你根据什么认为我反对这件事？It was generally supposed that it would not happen again. 一般认为此事不会再发生。5. 由 suppose 引导的宾语从句，如果主句的主语是第一人称 I 或 we ，并且主句谓语是一般现在时态，从句的否定一般要转移到主句上来，其反意疑问句一般与宾语从句一致。I dont suppose for a minute that hell agree. 我认为他决不同意。We dont suppose they will say sorry to her, will they? 我们认为他们不会对她说对不起，是吧？注意：与 suppose 这种用法相同的还有： think, believe, imagine, expect 等。6. suppose 可用于简略答语中，用 so 代替一个肯定的宾语从句；用 not 代替一个否定的宾语从句。 Do you suppose hell fail to catch the train?你认为他会错过火车吗？ I suppose so./ I suppose not. （ I dont suppose so. ）我想会的。 / 我想不会。注意：与 suppose 这种用法相同的还有： think, believe, expect, imagine 等。但应注意 hope 和 be afraid 则不同于以上的用法。 Will he win the game? Yes, I hope so./No, I hope not. （不能用 I dont hope so. ）7. suppose 可用于插入语中。 do you suppose 用作插入语，用来征询对方对某事的看法，常放在疑问词的后面，并且句子要用陈述语序。What do you suppose made her so angry? 你认为什么事使她如此生气？When do you suppose we shall begin our class? 你认为我们什么时候开始上课？注意：与 suppose 这种用法相同的还有： believe, expect, think, imagine, guess 等。 I suppose 也可用作插入语，表示说话者的态度或看法，常用于句中或句末。You dont mind my smoking, I suppose? 我想你不会介意我抽烟吧？Shell be there today, I suppose. 我想她今天能到那儿去。8. suppose ( supposing) 可引导条件状语从句，意为“如果，假如”。Suppose ( Supposing) he is absent, what shall we do? 假如他缺席，我们怎么办？注意：如果想表示“即使”，应用 supposing 而不用 suppose 。Supposing you miss him, he is not likely to miss you. 即使你碰不到他，他也可能碰到你。注意： suppose 或 supposing 引导的条件状语从句应用一般现在时代替将来时。9. suppose 用来表示建议，常用在祈使句中，意为“怎么样”。Suppose we go to the seaside for the weekend. 我们去海边度周末怎么样？练习1. I dont suppose anyone will volunteer, _?A. do I B. dont I C. will they D. wont they2. Suppose he _ the truth, how shall we deal with him?A. wont tell B. didnt tell C. doesnt tell D. hadnt told3. I suppose _. Which one is wrong?A. your daughter very beautiful B. your daughter to be very beautifulC. that your daughter is very beautiful D. your daughters being very beautiful4. The professor also mentioned an article _ by Lu Xun.A. supposed to have been written B. supposed to be writingC. supposing to have been written D. supposing to be written5. You _ part in the party in time. Sorry, I was delayed by the accident.A. are supposed to take B. have supposed to takeC. are supposed to have taken D. supposed to take6. He was supposed _ a college graduate but he knew nothing of history.A. to be B. being C. to have been D. having been7. If you go to Xian, youll find the places there more magnificent than commonly _.A. supposing B. supposed C. to suppose D. supposeKeys: CCDACABdo withdo with 常与连接代词 what 连用，而 deal with 常与连接副词 how 连用，如： 1 . I dont know how they deal with the problem . (= I dont know what they do with the problem . )我不知道他们如何处理这个问题。 2 . He is easy to deal with . (= He is easy to do with . 这时“do”是不及物动词)他是容易相处的人。这两个词组在使用时有细微的差别。一般地说，do with 表示“处置”、“忍受”、“相处”、“有关”等。如： 1 . They found a way to do with the elephant . 他们找到对付那头大象的办法了。 2 . We cant do with such carelessness . 我们不能容忍这种粗枝大叶的作风。 3 . We are difficult to do with the new comer . 我们很难与新来的那个人相处。 4 . I have nothing to do with him . 我跟他无任何关系。deal withdeal with 意义很广，常表示“对付”、“应付”、“处理”、“安排”、“论述”、“涉及”等。如： 1 . They could properly deal with all kinds of situations . 他能恰当地应付各种局面。 2 . Deal with a man as he deals with you . 以其人之道，还治其人之身。 3 . This is a book dealing with Asian problems . 这是一本论述亚洲问题的书。 4 . They have learned to deal with various persons . 他们学会了和各种人打交道。It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _ . A.it what to do with B.what to do it with C.what to do with it D.to do what with it explain考点主要是explain sth. to sb.或者explain to sb. sth. to一定不能省略。leaveleave （听任其在某处；使保持某状态）。通常用于一些复合结构中，如：“ leave+ 宾语形容词 / 分词 / 不定式等”以及短语 leave alone （不理会；不管）。如：The teacher left little Tom standing all the time.老师让小汤姆一直站着。Leave him to do it himself.让他自个儿去做这件事吧。（2007天津）A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending，but the reader must not be left ( )A.unsatisfied B.unsatisfying C.tobe unsatisfying D.being unsatisfiedChargechargevt. 装(满)，使饱含；充电；使承担(任务等)，委托；控告，指责(with)；把归咎于(to, on, upon)；要(价)，收(费) n主管，负责；委托；费用，价钱，要价；控告，指责in charge of 负责，管理take charge of 负责，看管in/under the charge of 在看管(负责)之下leave sb in charge of sth 让某人负责某事free of charge 免费charge for 对索费charge sb with sth 因某事而控告某人be in the charge of sb be in sbs charge由某人负责，由某人照料、管理charge sb money for sth(就)向某人索取费用1,The lady ( )the hospital is my elder sister A,in change of B,who take change of C,who is in the change of ,D,in the change of 2. - I have just had my watch repaired. - How much did they for that?A. cost B. charge C. spend D. Takescenen(戏剧的)一场，一幕；(常用复数)场景，布景；故事发生的地方，出事地点；景色，风景scenery n 风景，景色scenic adj. 舞台布景的；景色优美的on the scene 口出现；到场；在场the scene of the accident 事故现场a scene of prosperity 一派繁荣景象scenes in a mountain district 山区风光【词语辨析】sight,scene, scenery, view都有“景象”的含义。1)scene指展现在眼前的情景，也可以指scenery的一部分，大多包括景物中的人及活动在内。2)scenery指某地总的自然风景或景色，尤指美丽的乡间景色。3)view常指从远处或高处看到的scenery的一部分，也指从某一位置所看到的景色。4)sight既可以指场景、眼前看到的景观，又可以指名胜、风景，只是在表示后者的含义时，必须要用复数形式。 【活学活用】用scenery, view, sight与scene的适当形式填空(1)The after the earthquake was horrible.(2)The as one travels by boat along the Changjiang Three Gorges is marvelous.(3)The mountain hotel offered magnificent .(4)He saw some amazing at the e/appear/enter on the scene 出现在舞台上；登场，出场；喻出现，受到人们注意go outWe could see nothing in the hotel because all the lights suddenly_. A.went off B.gave up C.went out D.gave inAgo off v.离开, 去世, 消失, 睡去, 爆炸, 被发射, 进行, 变质 Bgive up v.放弃(念头、希望等), 停止, 抛弃, 认输, 把.送交, 对.绝望(=give up) Cgo out v.出去, 熄灭, 过时, 罢工, 向往, 辞职, 倒塌 Dgive in v.投降, 屈服, 让步, 交上, 宣布not .any moreHe is no more a little boy.=He is no longer a little boy.=He is not a little boy any more.=He is not a little boy any longer.no more=no longer=not.any more=not.any longer不再now that1now that既然；由于in that 基于的理由，因为(引导原因状语从句)on condition that 条件是(引导条件状语从句)providing/provided that 在情况或条件下；假若；倘若；除非(引导条件状语从句) 【活学活用】(1)_ he has decided to come to see you, _ he will come?ANow that; do you think BAs; where you thinkCWhen; whoever DSince; when do you think(2)You may be allowed to watch TV _ you _ your homework.Aeven if; finish Bon condition that; have finishedCin case; finish Din order that; finish(3)_ youve got such a good chance, you should make full use of it.AAlthough BAs soon as CNow that DBefore(4)Human beings are different from animals _ they can use language as a tool to communicate.Ain that Bfor that Cin which Dfor which(5)What do you think of finding a parttime job at college? Good idea, in my opinion, _ it doesnt affect your studies.Anow that Bin case Cproviding that Dunlessbecause用于最直接的因果，以及回答why提问的句子；since表示“既然”，无直接因果，是双方都明白的因果关系.上课老师举的例子是“鸡叫了，天亮了”。具体怎么说这句话现在不太记得了，好像是：“Its morning now since the cock cried.”as是因果意思最淡的一个词。for 不可用于句首now that 表示“既然这样，那么.” eg: Now that he did come to help, we have to do it ourselves.既然他不帮忙，那我们就自己做。24. The 60th National Day is approaching, _ people expect to witness the grandest celebration ever in New China. A. when B. how C. so that D. now thatupset词性a.upset可以当形容词，形容某人很心烦意乱The teacher is very upset!b.upset也可以当动词，指某人使某人心烦意乱The student upsets the teacher. c.upset也可以当名词，指心烦意乱The student gave the teacher quite an upset.He came into the classroom ().A,very upsetB,being upsetC,to upsetD,to be upsetinsistinsist作“坚决要求”解时，用虚拟语气，作“坚持认为”解时，用陈述语气。He insists that doing morning exercises does good to peoples health.他坚持认为做早操对健康有益。 (强调)He insists that he (should) do morning exercises every day.他坚持每天都要做早操。 (要求)The boy insisted that he_the money and that he_at once.答案是：hadent stolen;be set free. suggest【词语辨析】suggest与advise可说advise sb to do sth 但不能说suggest sb to do sth; suggest的名词形式suggestion是可数名词，但advice的名词形式advice是不可数名词。补充：方式状语从句中的虚拟语气as if, as though引导的方式状语从句常用虚拟语气。虚拟语气的结构为：表示所发生的时间虚拟语气结构发生在主句动作之前had +过去分词与主句动作同时发生过去时(be用were )发生在主句动作之后would / could / might / should+原形动词例如：They began to talk warmly as if they had known each other for long.他们开始热烈的谈论起来就好像他们已相互认识很久了。He coughed twice as if someone should come.他咳嗽两声就好像有人要来了。touchvt.接触，触及，触摸；达到；感动 n. 触摸；触觉；少许touched adj. 受感动的touching adj. 动人的，令人同情的a touching/moving film 一部感人的影片lose touch with sb 与某人失去联系(动作)be out of touch with sb 与某人失去联系(状态)keep/stay/be in touch with sb 与某人保持联系 【活学活用】(1)他的悲惨故事深深打动了我们的心。His sad story our hearts deeply.(2)一曲优美而温婉动人的乐曲传到了我们耳边。A lovely melody, tender and ,_floated down to us.(3)我们至今已有数年未与罗杰来往了。Weve been Roger for years now.forbid1. 一般不用于祈使句，如：误：Forbid her to go out.正：Tell her not to go out. 叫她出去。2. 其后可接双宾语，意为“禁止或不准某人（使用或进入）”。如：His wife forbids him wine. 他老婆不准他喝酒。He forbade his children sweets because he didnt want their teeth to be ruined. 他不准孩子们吃糖，因为他不想他们的牙齿受损坏。比较同义句型：He forbade me his car.=He forbade me the use of his car.=He forbade me to use his car. 他不准我用他的小车。3. 后接动词作宾语时，该动词要用动名词，不用不定式。如：He forbids smoking during office hours. 他不允许在上班时间抽烟。动名词前有时可以有自己的逻辑主语。如：I cant forbid your seeing that man again. 我无法禁止你再和那个男人来往。注意，其后虽然不直接跟不定式，但可跟不定式的复合结构。如：I forbid you to tell anyone. 我不准你告诉任何人。The doctor forbids him to smoke. 医生禁止他吸烟。表示“禁止某人做某事”，英语可用prevent (stop, keep, prohibit) sb from doing sth，但是forbid不能用于该句型；若要表示类似意思，可用forbid sb to do sth。truly【true】形容词，指某种事实，故事，消息，信息，朋友，证人，爱情等时真的，不是假的，错的。反义词：false，erroneous，fictitious例：It is a true story.那是个真实的故事。【truly】副词，真正地；忠实地；真诚地You must speak truly.你必须说实话。【real】形容词，真实的，实在的；表示实际存在的意义，如实情，实况，实例，实物等反义词：imaginary，feigned，inventedThis is a real experience, not a dream.这是一次真实的经历, 并不是做梦【really】副词，真正地，实际上例：I didnt really mean to hurt you.我真的不是存心得罪你的。real， true ，really， truly 的区别和用法，下列应填什么It is_that you are going to America on business.In his novel there are several _persons who are still alive now .Do you believe in God in_life？ 句型1句型公式with名词/代词形容词/副词/介词短语/分词/不定式 【句型解读】这种with结构多用作状语，也可以用作定语。with引导的独立主格结构不是句子而是短语。如：Dont stand with your hands in your pockets.The naughty boy stood before his teacher with his head down. Mary was sitting near the fire, with her back towards the door. With you helping me whenever Im in trouble, I feel very obliged to you.2.Mom and Dad arrive back from vacation a day earlier than expected.爸爸和妈妈外出度假，比(孩子们)预计的时间提前一天返回家中。 【句型解读】than expected为状语从句中的省略形式，完整句式为：than(they are)expected，意为“比预期的，比预料的”。 【相关拓展】状语从句中的省略情况为：(1)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和系动词be。如：While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called. He opened his lips as if (he were) to speak. (2)当从句中的主语是it，谓语动词中又含有系动词be时，可将it和be一起省略，此时构成“连词(if, unless, when, whenever)形容词”的结构。如：Unless (it is) necessary, youd better not refer to the dictionary. 【活学活用】(1)We all know that, _， the situation will get worse. Anot if dealt carefully with Bif not carefully dealt withCif dealt not carefully with Dnot if carefully dealt with(2)When _ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. ACompared Bbeing comparedCComparing Dhaving compared(3)Though _ many times, he didnt know how to work out the difficult maths problem.ATold Bbeing toldCto be told Dhaving been told跟踪训练1The message is very important, so it is supposed _ as soon as possible. Ato be sent Bto send Cbeing sent Dsending22009全国卷 Could I speak to _ is in charge of International Sales, please?Awho Bwhat Cwhoever Dwhatever3Bill suggested _ a meeting on what to do for the old people during the vacation. Ahaving held Bto hold Cholding Dhold4Youd better not leave the medicine _ kids can get it.Aeven if Bwhich Cwhere Dso that5Have you got any idea for the summer vacation? I dont mind where we go _ theres sun, sea and beach.Aas though Bas long as Cnow that Din order62009湖北卷 During the war there was a serious lack of food. It was not unusual that even the wealthy families had to _ bread for days.Aeat up Bgive away Cdo without Ddeal with 72010福建卷 Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, _ supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake. Asending Bto send Chaving sent Dto have sent8In America, one of the top reasons _ for not taking a vacation is that its too much extra work.Agiving Bgiven Cbeing given Dto be given