18 掌握虚拟语气1.doc

Grammar 熟练使用虚拟语气第一部分：语气的定义和种类1 语气(mood)语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。2 语气的种类、陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如：There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗？How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老师啊！、祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如：Never be late again!再也不要迟到了。Dont forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。、虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如：If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。May you succeed!祝您成功！虚拟语气在语法里算得上是个难点。让我们就从最简单的开始吧。虚拟语句注：英语中有三种语气：1。直陈语气- 表示所说的话是事实。e.g. I went to the cinema last night. China is in East Asia.2. 祁使语气- 表示所说的话是请求，命令。e.g. Sit down , please . Come in , please.3.虚拟语气- 如果我们说的话不是事实， 命令， 劝告等，而是一种假设， 愿望，建议， 或是实现不了的空想， 就用动词的虚拟语气形式。第一节非真实条件句引导的虚拟语句1.与现在事实相反的非真实条件句，if 从句的动词形式用过去式（动词be一般用were）；主句的动词should/would/could/might+动词原形 e.g. If we had time ,we would go with you . If I were you , I shouldnt do that . 2.与过去事实相反的非真实条件句， if 从句的动词形式用had +过去分词；主句的动词形式would/should/could/might +have +过去分词e.g. If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it . If you had come earlier , you would have met him . 3. 与将来事实相反的非真实条件句，if 从句的动词形式用动词的过去式, 或should+动词原形，或were to +动词原形；主句动词形式用should/would/could/might +动词原形e.g. If it rained, the crops would be saved . If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out. Homework:1. 如果气温再这样上升下去的话,用不了多久,我们的一些城市例如:上海,横滨,东京等都会消失在水面以下.2. 如果不是你的帮助,我是不会已经完成那项工作的.3. 若不是Bill Gates, Microsoft不会象今天一样强大.4. 如果没有那十年的动乱,中国将可能已经拥有了比现在先进很多的政治、经济、军事、科技实力5. 如果我是你,我就会花所有的钱去买那支股票.虚拟语气作业答案（一）1. 如果气温再这样上升上去的话，用不了多久，我们的一些城市例如：上海、横滨，东京等都会消失在水面以下。If the temperature were to continue rising in this way, soon some of our cities such as Shanghai,Yokohama, Tokyo would disappear under the surface of the sea.2. 如果不是你的帮助，我是不会已经完成那项工作的。I couldnt have accomplished that job if you hadnt helped me.3. 若不是Bill Gates, Microsoft不会象今天一样强大。Microsoft couldnt have been so powerful as it is today if there hadnt been Bill Gates.4. 如果没有那十年的动乱，中国将可能已经拥有了比现在先进很多的政治、经济、军事、科技实力。China would have been more powerful in politics, economy, military and technology if there hadnt been