[考试宝典]2011么建华职称英语保过班精讲班 第29讲 完.doc

职称英语考试宝典 系列软件第七篇 WaterFrom the beginning, water has furnished man with a source of food and a highway to travel upon. The first civilizations arose _1_ Water was a dominant element in the environment, a challenge _2_ mans ingenuity. The Egyptians invented the 365-day calendar in response to the Niles annual flooding. The Babylonians, _3_were among the most famous law-makers in ancient times, invented laws _4_ water usage. Water inspired the Chinese to build a 1,000-_5_ canal, a complex system which, after nearly 2,500 years, remains still practically _6_ and still commands the astonishment of engineers. But _7_ never found complete solutions to their water problems. The Yellow River is also known as “Chinas Sorrow”; it is so unpredictable and dangerous _8_ in a single flood it has caused a million _9_. Floods slowed the great _10_ of the Indus River Valley, and inadequate drainage ruined _11_ of its land. Today water dominates man _12_ it always has done. Its presence continues to _13_ the location of his homes and cities; its violent variability can _14_man or his herds or his crops; its routes links him_15_ his fellows; its immense value may add to already dangerous political conflicts. There are many examples of this in our own time.词汇：furnish f:ni v.提供 annual njul adj.每年的ingenuity indinju:iti n. 聪敏，才智 Babylonian ,bblnjn n. 巴比伦人Egyptian dp()n n. 埃及人 dominate dmineit v.主宰，统治calendar klind n. 日历 variability vribiliti n. 多变练习:1. A) where B) the place C) when D) in the place2. A) with B) as C) to D) on3. A) they B) / C) that D) who4. A) regulates B) regulate C) regulated D) regulating5. A) miles B) mile C) miles D) miles6. A) in use B) for use C) by use D) on use7. A) ancient B) the ancients C) ancients D) ancients people8. A) that B)/ C) because D) which9. A) people B) deaths C) damages D) ruins10. A) influence B) effect C) society D) civilization11. A) many B) lot C) much D) a lots12. A) for B) as C) because D) whereas13. A) govern B) control C) lead D) influence14. A) cause B) violate C) kill D) damage15. A) by B) on C) and D) to答案与题解：1. A 这个句子的意思是说，最初的人类文明出现于水在周围的环境中起着重要作用的地方。所以要用where引导一个表示地点的状语丛集。又如：The young people should go where the country needs them the most.2. C 在英语中，表示“对的挑战”的意思要用 a challenge to 。3. D 这个句子的主语是 the Babylonians，谓语是后面的invented laws 。可见，都好后面的成分要做补充说明用。根据已有的信息，我们可以推出这里who是正确的，它同后面的部分组成一个非限制性的定语从句，修饰主语。注意，that虽然也可以引导定语从句，但它不能引导非限制性定语从句。4. D 这里只能填regulating，该词同后面的短语构成现在分词短语，修饰上文的laws。整个名词短语的意识是“管理用水的法律”。5. B 当一个名词修饰另一个名词时，该名词往往用其单数形式（当然并非总是如此，下面这样的句子也是有人说的：We had a two weeks holiday.）。根据这一原则，1000-后接mile,像上文的 the 365-day就是遵循了这一原则。又如： a four-hour ride，a twenty-mile trip ,a five-room house, a six-storey building。6. A remain in use 表示仍然在使用。 in use 是“在使用”的意思。又如：The textbook is no longer in use. If this is not in use, Id like to borrow it. 7. B ancient 既是形容词也是名词，the ancients 尤指古代文明的人。8. A 前文有so，这里应该填入that，that引导的小句表示一种结果。又如：The weather was so bad that the children stayed indoors the whole day.9. B death 是可数名词，也是不可数名词。作可数名词时，是指某种类型的死（如：He died a natural death.）也可指死了多少人。 damage 是不可数名词，它的复数形式 damages 主要用在法律领域，指损害赔偿。如：The court ordered him to pay 1,000 damages to the person he had hurt. ruin 是不可数名词。可数形式ruins 常指“遗迹”、“废墟”等，如： The majestic ruins of Rome impressed her immensely.可以看出，在这三个选项中，只有deaths 是合适的。 cause 是使役动词，可以说“ it caused a million people to die.”但不可以说“ it caused a million people.”所以填入people是错误的。10. D 正确的答案是 civilization，意思是“印度河谷的人类文明”。11. C 量词 many, a lot of, lots of 和much是一个连续统一体。具体地说，many只修饰可数名词，much是、只修饰不可数名词，而a lot of 和lots of 处于两者之间，既可限定可数名词，也可限定不可数名词。lots of 比 a lot of 在口气上更随便些。下面是一些具体的用 a lot of 和lots of 的例子：I remember a lot of things. / A lot of our land is used to grow crops for export. / There are lots of things I could do. / I want lots of food. 英语中没有lot of 和 a lots of 这样的两次， land在此处是不可数名词，因此，唯一合适的选择是much。12. B 正确的答案是填入as ，此处的as 引导的是表示方式的状语从句，整个句子的意思是说“今天，水就像它一直控制人类一样仍然在控制着人类”。由于原文前后两个句子之间没有一种因果关系，所以填入for 或because 都是不对的。而whereas 一词通常表示对比关系，如：The boys are singing whereas the girls are dancing.所以填入这个词在语义上是不合适的。13. A 这个句子的意思是说，水的存在决定着人们选择安家建城的位置。Govern 和control都有“控制”和“支配”的意思。Govern可以是人的支配，也可以使自然法则或自然力量的控制或支配。所以，govern是一个合适的词。lead的意思是“引导；领导”。Influence的意思是“影响”。14. C 如（9）中所说，cause是使役动词，只说“ can cause man or his herbs or his crops ”句子不完整。Violate一词的后面可以跟 a rule, a law，但不能说是man。Damage一词的后面常跟物质的东西，如a house, a village, crops等，也不能接man 。所以只有kill一词是正确的选择。注意 kill可以跟“活着的东西”，所以kill his crops 在语义上完全成立。又如：The cold weather has killed the flowers.15. D link 一词可跟to 搭配，又如：The bridge links this city to that village.第八篇 An Early Form of Jazz MusicMusic comes in many forms; most countries have a style of their own. At the turn of the last century, _1 jazz was born , America had no prominent _2 of its own. No one knows exactly when was invented or by whom. But it began to be _3_ in the early 1890s. Jazz is Americas contribution to_4_ music. In contrast to classical music, which _5_ formal European traditions, jazz is spontaneous and free in form1. It bubbles with energy, _6_ the moods, interests, and emotions of the people. In the 1920s jazz _7_ like America. And so it does today. The _8_ of the music are as interesting as the music itself. American Negroes, or blacks, as they are called today, were the jazz pioneers. They were brought to the Southern states _9_ slaves. They were sold to plantation owners and forced to work long hours. When a Negro died his friends and relatives _ 10 _ a procession to carry to body to the cemetery. In New Orleans, a band often accompanied the 11 . On the way to the cemetery the band played slow, solemn music, suited to the occasion. _12_ on the way home the mood changed. Spirits lifted. Death had removed one of their number2, but the living were glad to be 13_. The band played 14 music, improvising on both the harmony and the melody of the tunes3 15 _ at the funeral. This music made everyone want to dance. It was an early form of jazz.词汇：Jazz dz n. 爵士乐 spontaneous spnteinjs,-nis adj.自发的 bubble bbl v. 充溢 Negro ni:ru n. 黑人plantation plntein n.种植园 procession prsen,pru- n. 行列、队伍 cemetery semitri n.公墓 improvise imprvaiz v. 即兴注释：1. jazz is spontaneous and free in form 爵士乐是自发的，不拘形式2. Death had removed one of their number 死亡带走了他们中的一员，number这里是（人或单位的）总和、全体3 improvising on both the harmony and the melody of the tunes 根据曲调的和声和旋律即兴演奏练习：1. A) while B) when C) since D) as2. A) music B) songs C) melodies D) tunes3. A) listened B) noticed C) heard D) found4. A) classical B) sacred C) popular D) serious5. A) introduces B) follows C) takes D) approaches6. A) disclosing B) explaining C) expressing D) exposing7. A) sounded B) felt C) looked D) seemed8. A) discoveries B) originals C) resources D) origins9. A) like B)for C)as D)by10. A)composed B)formed C)hosted D)demonstrated11. A)body B)demonstration C)procession D)march12. A)Furthermore B)Similarly C)But D)Therefore13. A)live B) alive C)life D)there14. A)sad B)solemn C)happy D)funeral15. A)sung B)showed C)played D)expressed答案与题解：1. Bwhen jazz was born 是定语从句，修饰at the turn of the last century, 所以这里需要填入的是一个引导定语从句的关联副词，只有when具有这一功能。2. A当时美国还没有明显属于自己的音乐，其他三个选项的词义都十分具体，美国不可能没有。3. C爵士是音乐，所以noticed 和 found 都不合适，listen 是不及物动词，如果要用，也应该有个to，而这里是听到，不是听着的意思，所以应该用heard。4. C爵士乐不属于古典音乐，也不属于严肃音乐或圣乐，只可能是流行音乐。5. B古典音乐发端于欧洲，所以它遵循的是欧洲传统。6. C从跟后面这几个词moods, interests, emotions 的搭配考录，只能选expressing7. A爵士是音乐，是有声音的，所以只能选sounded, 在二十世纪二十年代，爵士乐听上去就像