GMAT-AWA-模板.doc

Issue The issue of whether is a complex and controversial one. Different people hold different views due to their respective angles. In my opinion, however, I agree that do not agree that. My view will be greatly confirmed by the following discussion. The first argument that can be presented to develop my position is that A good example may be found in the case that Under this circumstance/ therefore, it is obvious that In addition, there is another reason for me to choose this statement. / consider this statement to be wrong. The reason is not far to seek: To illustrate, let us consider that Hence, another equally important aspect is that Admittedly, it may be true that in some conditions. However, this alone does not constitute a sufficient support to , When the advantage and disadvantage of X and Y are carefully compared, the most striking conclusion is obvious. Consequently, due to the above-mentioned reasons, which sometimes intertwine to FORM an organic whole and thus become more persuasive, we may safely arrive at the conclusion that, because Argument: In this argument, the author concludes that. To support his conclusion, the author points out that In addition, he reasons that This argument is unconvincing for several reasons.(第二次考时v19把这句观点句给忘了，不知为什么还得5。5分) In the first place, . In the second place, Finally, Since the author commits the above mentioned logical mistakes and fails to consider the whole situation comprehensively, his ideas should not be adopted. The conclusion would be strengthened if he (注， argument 的摸版很灵活，推荐AA的七宗罪) 再罗嗦两句，个人意见，考场上尽可能罗嗦，能用两句话别用一句话，不怕重复（别听孙员的鬼话，考场上没时间想换一个词表达同一个意思），不用背例子（v19一个也没背），issue最好有反驳的那点，argument最好有第三点，哪怕两句话。还有末段原因的总结，别忘了使用粘贴功能呀！ awa模板及七宗罪 说明：七宗罪是攻克AA之必备法宝。模版部分：ArgumentIn this argument the author reaches the conclusion that. The basis for this recommendation is that. An additional reason given in support of this recommendation is that.(The author cites.as an example in support of this recommendation). At first glance, the authors argument appears to be somewhat convincing, but further reflection reveals that it omits some important concerns that should be addressed to substantiate the argument. In the first place, In the second place, In the third place, In conclusion, the author fails to provide adequate justification for. As it stands, the reasoning does not constitute a logical argument in favor of the recommendation. To strengthen the argument, the author would have to provide evidence to prove that. To better assess the argument, we need additional detailed information about.so that we can establish the conclusion whether. IssueThe issue of whether.is a complex and controversial one. Different people hold different views due to their respective angles. On the one hand, as is well-known and has often been advocated, .; on the other hand, others probably insist that. We do not have to look very far to see the valid standpoint of this matter. In the following analysis, I would like to reason and provide evidence favoring the former one and refuting the latter one. (The complex nature of the above issue requires us to consider it on a case-by-case basis. In my point of view, whether one has advantages over the other depends on the specific circumstances.) In the first place, the important reason that can be presented to develop my position is that. A good example may be found in the case that. Under this circumstance/therefore, it is obvious that. In addition, there is another reason for me to choose the former statement/consider the latter statement to be wrong. The reason is not far to seek:. To illustrate, a case in point in this respect is that. Admittedly, there is no denying that.in some conditions. As we know, . However, this alone does not constitute a sufficient support to. (When.of X and Y are carefully compared, the most striking conclusion is obvious. To sum up, while.may be true in exceptional cases, I agree that.) Consequently, I advocate that., because: (1) .; (2) . Due to the above-mentioned reasons, which sometimes intertwine to form an organic whole and thus become more persuasive, we may safely arrive at the conclusion I support. 严重推荐：Argument之七宗罪第一宗罪：无因果联系 The author commits a fallacy of causal oversimplification. The line of the reasoning is that because A occurred before B, the former event is responsible for the latter. (The author uses the positive correlation between A and B to establish causality. However, the fact that A coincides with B does not necessarily prove that A caused B.) But this is fallacious reasoning unless other possible causal explanations have been considered and ruled out. For example, perhaps C is the cause of these events or perhaps B is caused by D. 第二宗罪 Insufficient-sample The evidence the author provides is insufficient to support the conclusion drawn from it. One example is logically unsounded to establish a general conclusion (The statistics from only a few recent years are not necessarily a good indicator of future trends), unless it can be shown that A1 is representative of all A. It is possible that. In fact, in face of such limited evidence, the conclusion that B is completely unwarranted. 第三宗罪: 错误类比 (based on a false analogy ) The argument rests on the assumption that A is analogous to B in all respects. This assumption is weak, since although there are points of comparison between A and B, there is much dissimilarity as well. For example, A., however, B. Thus, it is likely much more difficult for B to do. 第四宗罪 all things are equal The author commits the fallacy of “all things are equal”. The fact that happened two years ago is not a sound evidence to draw a conclusion that. The author assumes without justification that the background conditions have remained the same at different times or at different locations. However, it is not clear in this argument whether the current conditions at AA are the same as they used to be two years ago. Thus it is impossible to conclude that. 第五宗罪 Either-Or choice The author assumes that AA and BB are mutually exclusive alternatives and there is no room for a middle ground. However, the author provides no reason for imposing an either-or choice. Common sense tells us that adjusting both AA and BB might produce better results. 第六宗罪 survey is doubtful The poll cited by the author is too vague to be informative. The claim does not indicate who conducted the poll, who responded, or when, where and how the poll was conducted. (Lacking information about the number of people surveyed and the number of respondents, it is impossible to access the validity of the results. For example, if 200 persons were surveyed but only 2 responded, the conclusion that.would be highly suspect. Because the argument offers no evidence that would rule out this kind of interpretations,) Until these questions are answered, the results of the survey are worthless as evidence for the conclusion. 第七宗罪 gratuitous assumption The author falsely depends on gratuitous assumption that. However, no evidence is stated in the argument to support this assumption. In fact, this is not necessarily the case. For example, it is more likely that. Therefore, this argument is unwarranted without ruling out such possibility. 例子集Success Bill GatesWhen Bill Gates made his decision to drop out from Harvard, he did not care too much of the result. Gates entered Harvard in 1973, and dropped out two years later when he and Allen started the engine of Microsoft. Many people did not understand why Gates gave up such a good opportunity to study in the worlds No.1 University. However, with size comes power, Microsoft dominates the PC market with its operating systems, such as MS-DOS and Windows. Now, Microsoft becomes the biggest software company in the world and Bill Gates becomes the richest man in the world. We can learn from the experience of the great inventor Thomas Alva Edison that sometimes a series of apparent failures is really a precursor to success. The voluminous personal papers of Edison reveal that his inventions typically did not spring to life in a flash of inspiration but evolved slowly from previous woks. Mother Teresa Mother Teresa, winner of the Nobel Peace Prize, dedicated the majority of her life to helping the poorest of the poor in India, thus gaining her the name Saint of the Gutters. The devotion towards the poor won her respect throughout the world and the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979. She founded an order of nuns called the Missionaries of Charity in Calcutta, India dedicated to serving the poor. Almost 50 years later, the Missionaries of Charity have grown from 12 sisters in India to over 3,000 in 517 missions throughout 100 countries worldwide. Lady Diana Spencer, Princess of Whales, is remembered and respected by people all over the world more for her beauty, kindness, humanity and charitable activities than for her technical skills. Mandela Mandela, the South African black political leader and former president, was awarded 1993 Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to antiracism and antiapartheid. Nelson Mandela is one of the great moral and political leaders of our time: an international hero whose lifelong dedication to the fight against racial oppression in South Africa won him the Nobel Peace Prize and the presidency of his country. Since his triumphant release in 1990 from more than a quarter-century of imprisonment, Mandela has been at the centre of the most compelling and inspiring political drama in the world. As president of the African National Congress and head of South Africas antiapartheid movement, he was instrumental in moving the nation toward multiracial government and majority rule. He is revered everywhere as a vital force in the fight for human rights and racial equality. BeethovenBeethoven, the German Composer, began to lose his hearing in 1801 and was entirely deaf by 1819. However, this obstacle could not keep him from becoming one of the most famous and prolific composers in art history. His music, including 9 symphonies, 5 piano concertos, several senates and so on, formes a transition from classical to romantic composition. Individual, Companies,Leadership and Internal control Mr. Lesson was accused of losing 1.3 billon dollars as a result of a risky derivative investment with the potential of a 27-billon gain. The collapse of Barings Bank in 1995 has been one of the most spectacular events in the banking world in recent years. Banks solvency and liquidity can be significantly threatened if speculative trading in financial derivatives is guided by a lack of adequate internal and external controls. There is evidence that such reasons are responsible for the failure of Barings in February 1995. Recently, many multi-national companies, such as Cisco and Yahoo, stimulate the employees morale by offering stock options to their employees. Stock option provides a chance for employees to become the shareholders of the company. As the result, the interest and profit of the company is tightly connected with the employees interest and income. Many firms adopt “Profit-Related-Pay” contracts (PRP contracts) and pay wages at levels that vary with firms profits. Many studies suggest that firms adopting PRP contracts show productivity per worker higher than that of their competitors who used more traditional contracts. The reason behind is that PRP contracts greatly change individual workers relationships to the firm, connecting their interest with firms interest. The greater the division of labor in an economy, the greater the need for communication and coordination. This is because increased division of labor entails a larger number of specialized producers, which results in a greater number of disruptions of supply and production. An employer looking for long-term employees may be better served by hiring applicants with broad background. By way of their more general education, these applicants have acquired a variety of general and transferable skills. They may be more suitable than their business-background colleagues to solve general management problems, deal with business associates from different cultures and view issues at a variety of aspects. In general, the employees with broad background can accustom to changes more quickly than their business-majored colleagues. Daimler Chrysler, one of the most successful automobile companies in the world, contributes significantly to the local employment of Stuttgart, Germany. Philip Morris, the largest tobacco company in the world, has been sued by government and many other groups for producing products that are harmful to health. The fines and legal fees that have resulted from the legal attacks against the company have costed the company substantial amounts of money. Bayer, one of the largest pharmaceutic companies in the world, announced that the company would cease production of one of its major products, because of the hazardous ingredients it contained. By doing so, the company suffers great loss on profitability, but gains strong public support and understanding, which can contribute to the long-term success of the company. Mitsubishi Motors had concealed significant defects in the break system of Pajero, one of the companys major products, before apologized to public. Hundreds of car accidents were directly caused by the break error. Thus, the company suffered a great goods return, losing not only the market share but also the confidence of consumers. Henry Fords factory was so efficient that by 1926 a new “model-T” cost only $310, one-third the price of the original 1908 model. Discriminating services may cause misunderstanding and unpleasant result. The best example is Toshiba, one of the largest Japanese companies. In 2000, the Company announced that among notebook computers it produced, one model had serious defect. Users in North America could choose either replacements with an upgraded model or full refund. However, no such offer for users in China. Chinese users were outrage at the companys discrimination and refused to use any of Toshibas notebook computers. What the company lost is not only the temporary revenue but also the consumers confidence, which contribute to the long-term success of the company. Compared with government officers, private corporation managers must pay more attention to efficiency and effectiveness of their decisions. Normally, maximizing profitability is not the primary goal of government owned enterprises and governmental planning, so that many unrealistic decisions may be resulted. It is the hidden reason that many government owned enterprises become profitable after the privatisations. Traditionally, the first firm to commercialise a new technology has benefited from unique opportunity to shape product definitions, forcing followers to adapt to a standard or invest in an unproven alternative. Today, however, the largest payoffs may go to companies that lead in developing integrated approaches for successful mass production and distribution. For example, SEGA, producer of Saturn, was the first company to develop home video game machine commercially, but Sony Entertainment INC., producer of Play Station, proved to be more successful at forming strategic alliance with other producers and distributors to manufacture and market its hardware and software. Because consumers had more choices on Play Stations games, they seldom bought SEGA Saturn. By the end of the 1990s, Play Station dominated the home video game market while SEGA Saturn was no longer in production. The financial crash of October 1987 and the Asia Economic Crisis in 1998 demonstrate that the worlds capital markets are more closely integrated than ever before and that events in one part of the global village may be transmitted to the rest of the villagealmost instantaneously. The fact that in many corporations employees are being replaced by automated equipment in order to save money does not mean our lives are becoming worse. After all, it is the automation that boosts the industrial revolution, which in turn, creates thousands of hundreds more positions than in the past. If the corporations cannot improve its profitability, many more people will lost their jobs ultimately. As the economic role of multinational, global corporations expands, the international economic environment will be shaped increasingly not by governments or international institutions, but by the interaction between governments and global corporations. Traditionally, people think that companies are set up for making profit, not for saving our planet. Today, however, more and more multinational companies adopt the Corporate Social Responsibility Policy (CSR policy). These companies pay more attention to the social problems, from employee minimum wage to environment issues. On the one hand, these companies do not want people to protest in front of the office buildings; on the other hand, a good public image does help the companies promote their products to consumers. The interview is an essential part of a successful firing program because with it, job applicants who have personalities that are unsuited to the requirements of the job will be eliminated from consideration. ArchitectureThe Potala Palace is Tibets cardinal landmark and a structure that deserves a place as one of the wonders of eastern architecture. The Potala palace was built by Songtsen Gampo, the first king of Tibet, in the 7th century. The roof and many other parts of the Palace were decorated by pure gold, which was contributed by the Buddhist in Tibet. Since its