九年级(上)英语复习资料.doc

九年级（上）语法复习资料（1）13英语九年级（上）复习资料语法篇一、动名词的构成(一) Verb+-ing as subject (主语) 【动名词在句子中可以充当主语的作用】 动名词（短语）作主语时，谓语动词要用单数例如： Communicating is not just speaking. 交流不仅仅是说话。 Sitting straight means a person is confident. 端坐表明一个人是自信的。 英语中有一些动词（短语）后面常接动名词作宾语。如：finish, enjoy, mind, keep, suggest, avoid, miss, practise, admit, deny, cant help等。 He denied having stolen my bike. 他否认偷了我的自行车。 When we heard the joke, we couldnt help laughing. 当我们听到那个笑话时，我们忍不住笑了。 常见的“动词介词+动名词”的短语有：prefer. to, be / get used to, look forward to, feel like, give up, keep on, insist on, succeed in等。 He doesnt feel like doing his homework. 他不想做家庭作业。 You must give up smoking at once. 你必须马上戒烟。 用于某些惯用法中。(1) be busy doing sth “忙于做某事” Mother is busy cooking dinner in the kitchen. 妈妈在厨房忙着做饭。(2) be worth doing sth “值得做某事” The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。 (3) Its no use / good doing sth “做无用 / 无好处”Its no use asking him for help. 向他寻求帮助没有用。（二）Verb+-ing after a preposition 【动名词放在介词后面作介词宾语】【练习一】（一）选择最佳答案填空。( ) 1. They insisted on _ another chance to try.A. gotB. getting C. being gotD. to be got( ) 2. Jack said that he wouldnt mind _ for us.A. to waitB. waitC. waitingD. waited( ) 3. My brother keeps _ my favourite book. And I want it back!A. to take B. takeC. takingD. took4. We should often practise _ English with each other.A. to speak B. spoke C. speak D. speaking5. What about _ to the concert with us?A. we go B. we going C. going D. to go( ) 6. Only one of these books is worth _. A. to readB. being read C. of readingD. reading( ) 7. She is very busy _ her papers. She is too busy _ shopping.A. to write; to goB. writing; to go C. writing; goingD. to write; for going（二）连词成句。1. a, difficult, to, is, learning, computer, use, for, some, people 2. your, in, reading, sun, is eyes, bad, the, for 3. English, often, English, good, a, is, way, to, speaking, study 4. playing, of, are, basketball, they, and, fond, volleyball 5. must, this, used, be, repairing, machine, without, not（三）翻译句子1. 天天做早操有利于我们的健康。 2. 保持教室清洁是我们的职责。 3. 跑步和爬山通常是年轻人的爱好。 4. 他们去看电影了而不是看电视。（instead of） 5. 这件衬衣该洗了。(need) 二、adjectives 【练习二】1、Adjectives with for+noun/pround+to+verbeg1).It is difficult for me to choose the right hairstyle. -Then look at those photos. They might help you.2). Is it convienient for you to cut my hair now?-No. Im afraid youll have to wait a few minutes.3). Is it important for me to eat a balanced diet?-If you want your hair to look healthy, it is.2、Adjectives with enough+to+verbSimon:Let me carry those books for you.Debbie:Theyre heavy. Are you _ them?Simon:Sure. Where do you want them?Debbie: Up on the shelf. Are you _ it?Simon: No problem. Ill stand on this chair.Debbie: Thanks. Now what about some lunch?Simon: Good idea. Lets get a bus to Sammys.Debbie: No. Lets go to a place thats _ to. I dont want to get caught in a traffic jam. And I want to shop after lunch for a small camera.Simon: How small?Debbie: _ in your pocket. Its for my younger brother.Simon: Is he _ how to use a camera?Debbie: Yes, hes 13 and hes already an expert.3、Adjectives with of+noun/pronoun+to+verbI left home without my underground ticket. It _ my underground ticket.I met Mary, and she lent me ￥20. It _ the money.A man stood up and offered me his seat on the train. It _ his seat.I dropped my books, and a boy picked them up for me. It _ for me.I fell when I got off my bicycle. It _ my bicycle.I met simon, and he laughed at my new hairstyle. It _ my hairstyle.4、Adjectives ending in -ing and ed（一）Mum: How were things at the travel agency today, Simon?Simon: Very _. I had nothing to do all day. No customers. I felt really _.Mum: No customers? Thats _. You usually have lots on Saturdays.Simon: I know. Mr Young was very _. He looked unhappy all day.Mum: What do you plan to do tonight? Go out, I suppose?Simon: No, I think Ill just have a _ evening at home.Mum: Theres an _ film on at the cinema.Simon: No, thanks. Im not _.(二)1.What an _ story! Im _ in it.A. interested; interesting B. interesting; interestedC. interested; interested D. interesting; interesting2.What _ news it was! - Yes, all of the children were _. A. excited, exciting B. exciting, excited C. exciting, exciting D. excited, excited三、Object clause（宾语从句）1在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语。eg, He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语) He asks him how long Mike has been down . (动词宾语) Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介词宾语)2 宾语从句的引导词有三类：(1)以that 引导的宾语从句，主要用来引导句形式的宾语从句， that可以省略。eg, The radio says (that) the clouds will lift later on.She told me (that) she would like to go with us.(2)以连接代词which, what, who等或连接副词how, where, why 等引导的宾语从句，从句是陈述语序eg, Could you tell me whats the matter with u?I want to know how soon it will begin.(3)以 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句, 主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句，从句同样是陈述语序 eg, I wonder if /whether u have told the new to Li Lei .3宾语从句的时态(1)当主句为一般现在时态、现在进行时态、或一般将来时态时，从句可用所需要的任何时态。 eg, I want to know what time he got up this morning.You are telling me that you wont stop until tomorrow?(2)当主句为一般过去时态时， 从句要用于过去有关的时态。eg,They asked what Jean was doing now . Linda said that the train had left.(3)当从句表述的是客观真理或自然现象时，宾语从句要使用一般现在时。eg, Lisa asked whether light travels faster than sound. Polly said no news is a good news注意：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用， 但有些情况例外。1.当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether 不用ifeg, We are talking about whether well go on the pinic.2.引导词与动词不定式或 not 连用时， 只用whether.eg, Please let me know what to do next. Could you tell me whether u go or not?3.if当如果讲时， 引导的是条件状语从句， 这时不能用whether.eg, You cant work the plan out if you dont have the meeting .【例题解析】1.The teacher asked the students _.A. if they were interested in dinosaurs B. when was Albert Einstein bornC. what they will do with the computers D. how many trees they have planted解析：宾语从句中从句应保持陈述语序，答案B首先删去，主句一般过去式，从句要用于过去有关的时态，删去答案C和D,答案A中的if 意为如果.应选A2.Could you tell me _ ?A.what the matter is with you B. what was the matter with youC. hats the matter with you D. whats the wrong with you .解析：what 就是从句的主语，whats the matter with you 本身就是陈述语序，因此删掉A; 主句可看作是委婉的请求，并是一般过去式，可删去答案B; wrong 前不用加the, 因此此题选 C.3.He asked me _ I could sing the song My Heart will Go On. A. if B. weather C.what D. that解析：此句应选含有疑问意思的关系代词， 故删去D；weather 意为天气，根据句意应选A.4.Our teacher told us that the moon _ round the earth. A. went B. turned C.go D. turns解析：从句是一个客观真理，因此从句的时态不受主句影响。 应选 D5. It makes no difference _.A.whether will you come tomorrow.B.Whether or not will be pass the examC.If he will come to the meeting or notD.Whether he will come to the meeting or not解析：答案A和B从句不是陈述语序先删掉,if 不能与 not 连用。因此此题选D6. They dont know _ their parents are. A.that B. what C. why D. which解析：what 表示职业， 因此选B.7. I am sure _ you said is true. A. what B. that C. which D. who解析：根据句意应用what , 做said 的内容， 你所说的话。应选A.8. The old man told us _ and _. A. to do what , to do how B. what to do it, how to do it C. what to do, how to do it D. what to do , how to do解析： 疑问词what 即连接不定式，又做 do 的宾语； 而在how 引导的不定式短语中， how 表示方式， do 为及物动词， 因此需接宾语才正确应选C【练习三】1.-Do you know when the World Cup _ next week? - Next Friday. When it _, I will ring you. A. begins, begins B. begins, will begin C. will begin, will begin D. will begin, begins2.- Today or tomorrow? - What are you talking about? - We are talking about _ to give a talk on WTO. A. how B. where C. when D. what3. I wonder _. A. where does he live B. where he live C. he lives where D. where he lives4. - Are you sure you have to ? Its been very late. - I dont know _ I can do it if not now. A. where B. why C. when D. how5. -Would you please tell me _? - In a small village near Niingbo. A. where was your mother born B. where your mother was born C. when was your mother born D. when your mother was born6. The photograph will show you _. A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like7. - Can you guess if they _ to play basketball with us? - I think theyll come if they _ free. A.will come, will be B. will come, are C. come, are D. come, will be8. -Where does he come from ? - Pardon? - I asked where_. A. did he come from B. he came from C. he comes from D. does he come from9. She wondered _. A. how much he cost the computer B. how much he paid for the computer C. how much the computer will cost him D. how much did he spend on the computer10. -Do you know _? - Im not sure. Maybe he is a businessman. A. who he is B. who is he C. what he does D. what does he do四、Comparative & Superlative of adverbs 1、常用副词比较级与最高级的构成：规则变化: 单音节词：比较级: 词尾+ er ; 最高级: 词尾+ est e.g.high higher highest双音节和多音节词： 比较级: 词前+more；最高级: 词前+most; e.g.slowly more slowly most slowly 2.The Irregular Form原级比较级最高级good,wellbetterbestbad,illworseworstmany,muchmoremostlittlelessleastoldolderelderolesteldestfarfartherfurther farthestfurthest 3、常见用法1) 副词的同级比较肯定式用：“A as + 副词原级+as B;否定式用：A not + as/so+副词原级+as B 。含义为： “A与B一样， 或：“A与B不一样”Charlie 和Bruce跳得一样高。Charlie jumps as highly as Bruce.他没我跑得快。He doesnt run as/so fast as me.2) 副词最高级前可加the，也可不加the.e.g. Berry sings (the) best in English of all.Who works (the) hardest in your class?当所比较的动作是相同的时候，第二个动词可以省不写，也可以用助动词do 来代替。e.g. Ben got up earlier than I (did) this morning.Lucy runs more slowly than Debbie (does).Peter did it more successfully than I (did).3) 比较级+and+比较级表示 “越来越” e.g. I am becoming fatter and fatter.The more you ask , the more knowledge you will get.4)the more., the more.”句型常表示“越越”是一个复合句,其中前面的句子是状语句,后面句子是主句。the用在形容词或副词的较前,more代表形容词或副词的比较级。 The more he gets, the more he wants. 他越来越贪。 The more she learns, the more she wants to learn. 她越学越想学。“the more., the more.”句型,主从句的时态常用一般现在时或一般过去时。The higher the ground is, the thinner the air becomes. 离地面越高,空气就越稀薄。The harder he worked, the more he got. 他工作越努力,得到的就越多。 若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时,从句的谓语动词要一般现在时表示将来。The harder you work, the greater progress you will make. 你越用功,进步就越大。The longer the war lasts, the more people there will suffer. 战争持续得越久,那里的人们受难就越多。若比较级作表语且不位于句首时,可以不用the。When we are more in danger, we should be braver. 越是危险,我们越应勇敢。在这种句型中,主句在程度上随着从句变化而变化,常把被强调部分提前。例如:The faster you run, the better it will be. 你跑得越快越好。这种句型的特点是前后都可以有所省略。特别是语、俗语,只要意义明确,越简练越好。 The more , the better.多多益善。 The sooner, the better. 越早越好。5) 若表示“越越不”时,常用“the more.,the less.”句型。The more she flatters me, the less I like her. 她越逢迎我,我越不喜欢她。若表示“越不就越”时,常用“the less.,the more.”句型。The less he worried, the better he worked. 他越不烦恼,工作就干得越好。6) 副词或形容词比较级前可用much, a little , a bit,even, far等来修饰。 There is no school tomorrow .You can sleep a little/ a bit longer. He plays much better than I. She can type it much more quickly. Michel writes even more beautifully than usual today.7) 说明比较范围时，注意介词的使用.副词最高级of all（或用in引导的语）。 所有人中，Catherine唱得最好。 Catherine sings best of all. 所有男生中，他跑的最快。 Of all the boys，he runs fastest. 班上Mark学习最努力。 Mark studies hardest in his class.8) A+行为动词+(倍数)+副词比较级+than+B” 表示:“A比B几倍”或“A是B的几倍”。e.g. Shelly跑步比我快两倍，是我的三倍。Shelly runs two times faster than I. And Shelly runs three times as fast as I do.9) “A+行为动词+副词比较级+than+ any other+单数名词(+介词短语)” 表示：“A比同一范围的任何一个人/物都” 含义是“A最”e.g. 迈克比他们班上任何一个其他的同学到校都早= Mike gets to school earlier than the other students in his class. =Mike gets to school earlier than any other student in his class.= Mike gets to school earliest in his class.【练习四】（一）1.There is _ milk in this cup than in that one.A. less B. a little C. fewer D. a bit 2. Tom studies much _ than he did before.A. careful B.carefully C. more carefully D.more careful3. Kola is one of _ animals in the world.A. quietest B.the quietest C.the most quieter D. the most quiet4. Bill Gates has _ money in the world.A. many B. more C. the most D. much5.The books are not _ to be published.A. enough interesting B. interesting enoughC. so interesting D. too interesting 6. I think oranges are _ of all the fruits.A. delicious B. much delicious C. more delicious D. the most delicious7. Is Chinese _ English?A. so useful as B. as useful as C. more useful as D. less useful as 8. The dress is _ beautiful, but its _ more expensive than that one. A. much; much B. very; very C. very; much D. much; very 9.Last night my father went back _ later than before.A. quite B. very C. even D. much more10. I am much _ today, but she is even _.A. well; ill B. well; worse C. better; ill D. better; worse11. This classroom is _ as that one.A. not as bright B. not so brighter C. not bright D. as not bright12. This is _ one among the four.A. an expensive B. a more expensive C. a most expensive D. the most expensive 13. Have you anything _ to say?A. many B. much C. must D. more14. I think there are _ students in Class 5 in our grade.A. many B. more C. the most D. much more15. This room is _ to hold thirty people.A. bigger enough B. enough bigger C. enough D. big enough16. I _ get up _ my mother.A. cannot, early than B. dont, so early asC. can, as earlier as D. /, not so early as 17. Our English lessons are getting _. A.more and more difficult B. more difficult and more difficult C. more difficult an difficult D. difficulter and difficulter （二）1. She cant walk as fast as you. = You can walk _ than she. 2. Nancy draws the best in her class. = Nancy draws better than _ _ _ in her class.= Nancy draws better than _ _ _ in her class.= Nancy draws better than _ _ in her class.= Nobody else draws as _ as Nancy in her class.3.Belly sang better than Linda. = Linda sang _ than Belly. = Linda didnt sing as _ as Belly.4.She plays the piano the worst of all the students.= She doesnt play the piano as well as the other students.= All the other students play the piano_ _ she.5.Tim spoke more accurately than Lucy.=Lucy spoke _ accurately than Tim.=Lucy _ speak so/as accurately as Tim.五、Questions tag (反意疑问句)（一）含义: 在陈述句之后附上一个简短的疑问句, 对陈述句 提出相反的疑问, 这种疑问句叫反意疑问句.如果前部 分是肯定形式，后部分用否定形式。或者前部分为否 定，后部分为肯定。原则是“前肯后否，前否后肯” - You can help him, cant you? Yes, we can.你们能帮助他，是不是？是的, 我们能帮助他。反意疑问句的前后两部分在时态, 人称和数上都要保持一致。- Your sister isnt coming back today, is she? - No, she isnt. 你姐姐今天不会回来，是吗？ 是的, 她今天不会回来。回答时, 只要事实是肯定的, 就用yes, 如果事实是否定的, 就用no。（二）具体用法1.如果陈述句有系动词be，助动词,情态动词等，其简短问句的谓语要与陈述句中的谓语保持一致。You havent seen that film, have you? Jim will go to England, wont he? He cant swim, can he? 2. 陈述部分含情态动词must be表示“猜测”时，疑问部分用arent / isnt +主语；如果must表示 “必须”时，疑问部分则用neednt；当陈述部分 有 mustnt 表示“禁止”时，疑问部分要用must. The bike must be yours, isnt it? You must be hungry, arent you? She must go home,(必须) neednt she? You mustnt play soccer in the street,（禁止）must you? 3. 陈述部分的主语是this, that时, 疑问部分的主语多用it; 陈述部分的主语是these,those时, 疑问部分的主语多用they。如:This is a dictionary, isnt it? Those are my stamps, arent they? 4.陈述部分是“there be”结构的, 疑问部分用 there省略主语代词。 There is something wrong with your watch, isnt there?There wont be more pollution, will there?5.陈述句中含有not, no, no one, hardly(几乎没有), seldom(不常), neither, few, little, never, nothing 等否定意义的词时, 疑问部分常用肯定形式。 Few people knew the news, did they?Tom has never been to England, has he?6. 陈述句中如果带有否定意义的前缀和后缀的单词时, 整个句子仍视为肯定句, 反意疑问部分多用否定形式。如：She is unhappy, isnt she?This is an unimportant question, isnt it?7. 如果主语是Im, 后面反意部分用 arent I? Im late, arent I? 8. Had better + 动词原形，疑问部分用 hadnt you? Y