UNIT 5.doc

新视野第一册Unit 5UNIT 5教研室：公共外语教研室 教师姓名：孟庆岩 课程名称新视野大学英语授课方式课堂讲授、小组讨论授课名称Unit Five The Battle Against AIDS授课学时10教学目的1. To enlarge students vocabulary and key sentence patterns.2. To improve the students abilities to analyze articles by introducing them some reading skills.教学重点Comprehension of the text Stressing the primary meaning of the words and their applications in sentences. In view of the whole structure of the text, the main idea of the text will be understood correctly.Grammar : The attributive clauseKey sentence patterns Despite Structured writing Using a problem-solution pattern to support a general statement based on the sample paragraph on page 116.教学过程1. Warm-up activities: (20 minutes)2. New Words (45 minutes)3. Understanding the text (25 minutes)4. Detailed studies of text (90 minutes)5. Grammar and exercises (90 minutes)6. Enrichment reading(Section B) (90 minutes)7. Listening practice (90 minutes)作业Assign homework: Recite the appointed paragraph教学内容Section AI. Background Information1. AIDS and HIVWhat is AIDS?AIDS stands for: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. AIDS is a medical condition. A person is diagnosed with AIDS when their immune system is too weak to fight off infections. Since AIDS was first identified in the early 1980s, an unprecedented number of people have been affected by the global AIDS epidemic. Today, there are an estimated 33 million people living with HIV/AIDSWhat causes AIDS?AIDS is caused by HIV.HIV is a virus that gradually attacks immune system cells. As HIV progressively damages these cells, the body becomes more vulnerable to infections, which it will have difficulty in fighting off. It is at the point of very advanced HIV infection that a person is said to have AIDS. It can be years before HIV has damaged the immune system enough for AIDS to develop.What are the symptoms of AIDS?A person is diagnosed with AIDS when they have developed an AIDS-related condition or symptom, called an opportunistic infection, or an AIDS-related cancer. The infections are called opportunistic because they take advantage of the opportunity offered by a weakened immune system. It is possible for someone to be diagnosed with AIDS even if they have not developed an opportunistic infection. AIDS can be diagnosed when the number of immune system cells (CD4 cells) in the blood of an HIV positive person drops below a certain level.Can AIDS be treated?A community health worker gives an HIV positive patient antiretroviral drugs, KenyaAntiretroviral treatment can prolong the time between HIV infection and the onset of AIDS. Modern combination therapy is highly effective and someone with HIV who is taking treatment could live for the rest of their life without developing AIDS.An AIDS diagnosis does not necessarily equate to a death sentence. Many people can still benefit from starting antiretroviral therapy even once they have developed an AIDS-defining illness. Better treatment and prevention for opportunistic infections have also helped to improve the quality and length of life for those diagnosed with AIDS.Treating some opportunistic infections is easier than others. Infections such as herpes zoster and candidacies of the mouth, throat or vagina, can be managed effectively in most environments. On the other hand, more complex infections such as toxoplasmosis, need advanced medical equipment and infrastructure, which are lacking in many resource-poor areas.It is also important that treatment is provided for AIDS related pain, which is experienced by almost all people in the very advanced stages of HIV infection.Is there a cure for AIDS?Worryingly, many people think there is a cure for AIDS - which make them, feel safer, and perhaps take risks that they otherwise wouldnt. However, there is still no cure for AIDS. The only way to stay safe is to be aware of how HIV is transmitted and how to prevent HIV infection.How many people have died from AIDS?Since the first cases of AIDS were identified in 1981, more than 25 million people have died from AIDS. Why do people still develop AIDS today?Even though antiretroviral treatment can prevent the onset of AIDS in a person living with HIV, many people are still diagnosed with AIDS today. There are four main reasons for this:In many resource-poor countries antiretroviral treatment is not widely available. Even in wealthier countries, such as America, many individuals are not covered by health insurance and cannot afford treatment. Some people who became infected with HIV in the early years of the epidemic before combination therapy was available, have subsequently developed drug resistance and therefore have limited treatment options. Many people are never tested for HIV and only become aware they are infected with the virus once they have developed an AIDS-related illness. These people are at a higher risk of mortality, as they tend to respond less well to treatment at this stage. Sometimes people taking treatment are unable to adhere to, or tolerate the side effects of drugs. Caring for a person with AIDSIn the later stages of AIDS, a person will need palliative care and emotional support. In many parts of the world, friends, family and AIDS organisations provide AIDS care in the home. This is particularly the case in countries with high HIV prevalence and overstretched healthcare systems.End of life care becomes necessary when a person has reached the very final stages of AIDS. At this stage, preparing for death and open discussion about whether a person is going to die often helps in addressing concerns and ensuring final wishes are followed.The global AIDS epidemicAround 2.7 million people became infected with HIV in 2007 and in the same year 2 million people died from AIDS. Sub-Saharan Africa has been hardest hit by the epidemic; in 2007 around three quarters of AIDS deaths were in this region.Parc de lespoir - AIDS Memorial Park in Montreal, CanadaThe epidemic has had a devastating impact on societies, economies and infrastructures. In countries most severely affected, life expectancy has been reduced by as much as 20 years. Young adults in their productive years are the most at-risk population, so many countries have faced a slow-down in economic growth and an increase in household poverty. In Asia, HIV/AIDS causes a greater loss of productivity than any other disease. An adults most productive years are also their most reproductive and so many of the age group who have died from AIDS have left children behind. In sub-Saharan Africa the AIDS epidemic has orphaned nearly 12 million children.In recent years, the response to the epidemic has been intensified; in the past ten years in low- and middle-income countries there has been a 6-fold increase in spending for HIV and AIDS. The number of people on antiretroviral treatment has increased, the annual number of AIDS deaths has declined, and the global percentage of people infected with HIV has stabilised.However, recent achievements should not lead to complacent attitudes. In all parts of the world, people living with HIV still face AIDS-related stigma and discrimination, and many people still cannot access sufficient HIV treatment and care. In America and some countries of Western and Central and Eastern Europe, infection rates are rising, indicating that HIV prevention is just as important now as it ever has been. Prevention efforts that have proved to be effective need to be scaled-up and treatment targets reached. Commitments from national governments right down to the community level need to be intensified and subsequently met, so that one day the world might see an end to the global AIDS epidemic.Learn more about HIV and AIDSIn addition to the hundreds of informative pages about HIV/AIDS, the AVERT website has interactive ways to learn more about HIV and AIDS.The AVERT AIDS Game is a great way to see how much you know about HIV and AIDS. You can test your knowledge of HIV and AIDS by trying one of our online quizzes. Our photo gallery has hundreds of HIV and AIDS related photos from around the world. The AVERT video page has a number of short videos related to HIV and AIDS. Finally, you can read stories that have been sent to us from people who are either living with HIV or who have been affected by HIV/AIDS. II. New Words1. Acquire vt. get or gain somethingeg: How can you acquire such a large quantity of knowledge.2. Immune1) a. safe from a disease or illness because one cannot be affected by it eg: This blood test will show whether or not youre immune to the disease.2) a. not affected by something eg: I am immune to the noise from the train.3. diagnose vt. find out what illness someone has by examining theme.g The doctor diagnosed his condition as a stomach problem. Programmers diagnosed the problem as a computer virus.4. infect vt. 1) cause others to have a disease or illness e.g Stay at home two more days; otherwise, you may infect your classmate.2) affect; influence e.g. The book may infect you with a passion for travelling be infected with: make someone get a disease e.g It is estimated that over 30 million people are now infected with the virus.5. constitute : make up; from e.g Twelve scientist constituted a research group to study air pollution.6. alarm: vt. cause sudden fear or worrye.g. News that a war might break out alarmed everybody.7. implement : vt. carry out or put certain decisions into practicee.g The government is implementing its program of helping the poor.8. emerge: vi. appear or come out from somewhere e.g The moon emerged from behind the clouds.9. combat: vt. take action to stop something bad or harmful e.g The new government promised to take measures to combat crime.n. fighting, especially during a war 10. valuable : a. 1) very useful e.g I am sorry to have taken up much of your valuable time. 2) worth a lot e.g Her grandmother left her a valuable ring. 11. illustrate: vt. show the meaning of something by giving pictures or examplese.g The case illustrates that women can do much better than men in some fields.12. establish: vt. start especially a school, an organization, etc.e.g The university was established in 1920.13. risk: n. the possibility that something bad, unpleasant, or dangerous may happen vt. put something in a situation in which it could be lost, destroyed or harmed e.g He would like to risk losing his job to help his friends.at risk: in danger e.g put ones life at risk14. redefine: vt. consider and explain something in a new waydefine: state precisely the meaning of e.g The scientist redefine the relations between population and economic affairs.15. plague: vt. cause pain, suffering or trouble to someone, especially for a long period of timee.g He was plagued by ill health. n. a disease that spreads quickly to a large number of people and causes death 16. emphasize: vt. give particular importance or attention to something e.g The teacher emphasizes that this word very important. 17. represent: vt. 1) be a particular thing; constitute e.g Air pollution represents the biggest threat to the city.2) show; be a sign of stand for e.g The red lines represent railway. 18. threaten : vt. 1) be liking to harm or destroy something e.g A severe drought is threatening the rice crop 2) say that you will cause someone harm or trouble if they do not do what you want e.g The father threatened the child with punishment if the child did not obey his orders. 19. distract: vt. take someones attention away from something e.g Dont distract your father while hes driving. IIILanguage points1. Another 185,000 of the one million infected with the HIV virus are expected to die within the next year. (Para.1)Meaning: Of the one million people who have the HIV virus, 185,000 will die during the next year.2. Despite such alarming numbers, the federal and state governments have been slow in implementing programs to stop the spread of AIDS. (Para.3)Meaning: Although the number of people infected with AIDS is surprising, the federal and state governments havent taken actions in time to carry out programs to stop the spread of AIDS.alarming: a. frightening or worrying eg. Some animals are disappearing at an alarming rate. be slow in doing sth. : not do something as soon as on can or shouldeg The man is getting on in years an he is slow in responding. 3. In place of government inactivity, a number of local organizations have emerged.Meaning: Because the government is slow in stopping the spread of AIDS, some local organizations have formed to help prevent its spread.4. suffer from : experience something unpleasant, e.g., an illnesse.g. Within a few days, she has become seriously ill, suffering from great pain. 5. To reach more people in the community, some AIDS educational programs operate out of a beauty shop. (Para.4) Meaning: in order to contact more people in the community, some programs that teach about AIDS are carried out in beauty shops.6. hand out : give something to each person in a groupe.g. Dont start the test until I have finished handing out the question papers.7. While no one way of winning the war against AIDS exists, the network shares these lessons learned in its battle against AIDS. (para.7)Meaning: Although there is not just one way of stopping the spread of AIDS, the network lets others know about these experiences which are learned in the battle against AIDS.8. Many communities have a low literacy rate, making impossible passing out AIDS literature and expecting people to read it. (Para.8)Meaning: Many communities have many people who are not able to read or write, and this makes it impossible to hand out the materials about AIDS and expect them to read the materials.9. They also show people who look like those we need to educate, since people can relate more when they see familiar faces and language they can understand.(para.10)Meaning: These books also used pictures that look like those people that need the education, because people can make a better connection when they see faces they know and language thy understand.10.They also play a vital role in helping parents understand the types of peer pressure their children experience.( para.10)Meaning: They also play an important role in helping parents understand that their children have the types of pressure coming from children of the same age.11. Redefine “at risk” to include women from different backgrounds and marital status.Meaning: Consider the problem of who is at risk of getting AIDS in a new way, as women from different backgrounds and marital status should be included in the people who are in danger of AIDS.12.