写作(一).ppt

WilliamLangland 大学英语四级辅导写作部分 一 大学英语四级考试大纲 一篇不少于120词的短文 所占分值比例为15 考试时间30分钟 四级作文出题方向 社会热门话题 校园生活话题 日常生活话题 大学英语四级写作的命题形式 标题作文段首句作文关键词作文情景作文提纲作文图表作文书信及其他应用文 Score 2 Score 5 Score 8 Score 11 Score 14 改革中的大学英语四级作文试题演变趋势 2001 01 2011 06年大学英语四级考试作文题型分布情况一览表 四级作文命题趋势 议论文占多数应用文有上升趋势 四级写作常见错误分析 1 逻辑关系错误 改为 BecauseIwasnotthere Icannottellyouwhathappened 改为 ThoughIwasnotthere Icouldimaginethesituation 在汉语中 表示逻辑关系的连词 如 虽然 但是 因为 所以 等是成对出现的 但在英语中 连词却不能成对出现 例句 BorninasmalltowninSouthChinain1937 hegrewuptobeamusician 改为 HewasborninasmalltowninSouthChinain1937 otherdetails Hefinallybecameamusician 2 统一性错误 例句 Whenonehavetimeandmoney hecandowhathewantto 改为 Onceonehastimeandmoney hecandowhathewants todo 例句 Helikestosing toswim andtable tennis 改为 Helikestosing toswim andtoplaytable tennis 3 并列结构错误 例句 Wethoughtshewascharming intelligent andaverycapableyoungwoman 改为 Wethoughtshewasacharming intelligent andverycapableyoungwoman 例句 Shetoldmysisterthatshewaswrong 改为 Sheadmittedthatshewaswrongandsaidsotomysister 4 代词指代错误 代词指代错误是代词与被指代的人或物关系不清 或者是前后所用的代词不一致 例句 Marywasfriendlytomysisterbecauseshewantedhertobeherbridesmaid 改为 Marywasfriendlytomysisterbecauseshewantedmysistertobeherbridesmaid 例句 AndwecanalsoenjoytheSpringFestivalGalabywatchingityourself 改为 WecanalsoenjoytheSpringFestivalGalabywatchingitourselves 例句 TokeepourChinesetradition theSpringFestivalGalaisessential 改为 TokeepourChinesetradition weallneedtheSpringFestivalGala 5 悬垂错误 所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句子逻辑关系混淆不清 例句 Togetupearly theclockwassetatsix 改为 Togetupearly hesettheclockatsix 例句 Lookingoutofthewindow thegrasslandstretchesasfarastheeyecanreach 改为 Lookingoutofthewindow Icanseethegrasslandstretchingasfarastheeyecanreach 例句 Rotteninthecellar hehadtothrowawaythepotatoes 改为 Asthepotatoesinthecellarhadbecomerotten hehadtothrowthemaway 例句 Aftercorrectingallthemistakes theseconddraftofthepaperwasmuchbetterthanthefirst 改为 Hecorrectedallthemistakesinthefirstdraft andsotheseconddraftofthepaperwasmuchbetter 例句 Althoughseriouslyill thebossmadeherworktenhoursadayinthehotworkshop 改为 Althoughshewasseriouslyill thebossmadeherworktenhoursadayinthehotworkshop 例句 IhopethatIcangetachancetogethomeandwillbetterenjoytheSpringFestivalGalawithmyfamily 改为 IhopethatIcangetachancetogethomeandwillenjoytheSpringFestivalGalawithmyfamilybetter 6 错位修饰错误 例句 NanjingUniversityhasmanywell knownprofessorsathomeandabroad 改为 NanjingUniversityhasmanyprofessorswhoarewell knownathomeandabroad 例句 Iboughtthisdictionaryatasecondhandbookstorewhichcost 5 50 改为 Atasecondhandbookstore Iboughtthisdictionarywhichcost 5 50 例句 Animportantthingforthestudenttorememberisthatwhenwritingapaper youshouldnotplagiarize 改为 Animportantthingforthestudenttorememberisthatwhenwritingapaper heshouldnotplagiarize 7 转移错误 转移错误包括人称 数 语态 时态 语气等转移错误 例句 ShylockloseshismoneyandhisdaughterandintheendwasforcedtobecomeaChristian 改为 ShylockloseshismoneyandhisdaughterandintheendisforcedtobecomeaChristian 例句 Heleftthelibrarywhenhispaperisfinished 改为 Heleftthelibrarywhenhehadfinishedhispaper 例句 Therearemanywaystoenjoythehappymoment ForexamplebyTV radio cardsandsoon 改为 Therearemanywaystoenjoythehappymoment forexample bywatchingTV listeningtotheradioorreadingnewspapers 8 结构混乱或不完整的错误 例句 Afterthisthing Ilearn betweenpersonandpersonneedloveandtakegoodcareof 改为 Bythis Irealizedthatpeopleshouldoffertheirloveandtakecareofeachotherwhennecessary 例句 Thisprogramissointeresting 改为 Thisprogramissointerestingthateverybodylikesit 例句 TherearemanywayswecelebrateourChinesetraditionalfestival 改为 TherearemanywaysforustocelebrateourChinesetraditionalfestival 例句 Shewassleepinginbedwhenwearrivedandweworriedexcusehersothatputtingdownthenoteofclasslessonsandflowersbeforeleft 改为 Shewassleepinginbedwhenwearrived Beingafraidofbotheringher wequietlyputthenotebookandflowersonthetableandleft 例句 TheSpringFestivalGala itisthemostimportantthingsofourChinesepeople 改为 TheSpringFestivalGalaisthemostimportantthingofourChinesepeople 例句 Inmyopinion IthinktheSpringFestivalGalaisquiteinteresting 改为 Inmyopinion theSpringFestivalGalaisquiteinteresting 9 语句赘述 例句 Itwasblueincolor roundinshapeandsmallinsize 改为 Itwasblue roundandsmall 例句 Inspiteofthefactthatitisalittledull IliketheSpringFestivalGala 改为 Inspiteofitscommonness IliketheSpringFestivalGala 例句 Forthepeoplewhoarediligentandkind moneyisjustthethingtobeusedtobuythethingtheyneed 改为 Diligent caringpeopleusemoneyonlytobuywhattheyneed 例句 Itwasnight therewasnotacarorbicycle John sfatherisadoctor SoJohncalledhisfathercametoschoolasquicklyaspossible heretheteacherandotherstudentstookJohntotheteacher shome 改为 Itbeingsolate wefailtofindanyvehiclesandhadtocallthedoctortocomeasquicklyaspossibletotheteacher shousewheretheinjuredJohnwastaken 例句 OnlywhenIhavefinishedwatchingtheSpringFestivalGalaIcanrealizehowwonderfulitwas 改为 OnlywhenIhavefinishedwatchingtheSpringFestivalGalacanIrealizehowwonderfulitwas 10 倒装错误 在英语句子中 有时由于语法结构 语气强调或修辞手段上的需要 可以把谓语的全部或部分移到主语之前 这种现象称为倒装 例句 Idon twatchTVnow butIdidwatchedquiteabitwhenIwasyounger 改为 Idon twatchTVnow butIdidwatchquiteabitwhenIwasyounger 11 强调句错误 用助动词do来做强调 助动词置于谓语动词之前 被强调的动词用原形 例句 NonecannegativetheimportanceofSpringFestivalGala 改为 NonecandenytheimportanceofSpringFestivalGala 12 单词使用错误 例句 Butdidoperationneededmoney 改为 But doing operationneededmoney 例句 Theincreasinguseofchemicalobstaclesinagriculturealsomakeapollution 农业方面化学物质使用的不断增加也造成了污染 改为 Theabusiveuseofchemicalsubstancesinagriculturealsocauses leadstopollution 例句 Doctorsaidhewasserious 改为 Doctorsaidhisillnesswasserious 例句 OnJanuary1983thefirstSpringFestivalGalawasshownonTV 改为 OnJanuary 1983 thefirstSpringFestivalGalawasshownonTV 13 标点使用错误1 逗号 1 用于分割日期 地址或数字 例句 Myopinion shesaid isreallydifferentfromtheirs 改为 Myopinion shesaid isreallydifferentfromtheirs 2 用于分开的直接引语的第一部分之后和引述成分之后 例句 Anne WillyoupleaseanswerthequestionsonPage23 改为 Anne willyoupleaseanswerthequestionsonPage23 3 用于称呼语之后 例句 MrsSmithwillmeetherdaughterat5 30pmatNo374Roomtoday 改为 Mrs Smithwillmeetherdaughterat5 30p m atNo 374Roomtoday 1 句号 1 可以在大部分缩写词中使用 例句 Michaelsaid IwillhelpyouifIamfreethisafternoon 改为 Michaelsaid IwillhelpyouifIamfreethisafternoon 2 在直接引语中 句号应包含在双引号之内 例句 Inthefirstquarter pricesrose8percent inthesecondquarter 4percentandinthelastquarter 10percent 改为 Inthefirstquarter pricesrose8percent inthesecondquarter 4percent andinthelastquarter 10percent 3 分号 英语中的分号可以代替句号 用于分割两个或两个以上的在意义上关系密切的句子 1 在用并列连词连接的并列句中 如果其中一个或两个独立句含有逗号 在并列句之间及连词前应该使用分号 例句 Foodandwaterareobviouslynecessaryforsurvival soyoumightpaymoreforthemthanyouwouldforalmostanythingelse 改为 Foodandwaterareobviouslynecessaryforsurvival soyoumightpaymoreforthemthanyouwouldforalmostanythingelse 2 在用并列连词连接的并列句中 如果两个独立句之间有明显的对照意义 或者作者有意在明确两个独立句之间的界限 在并列连词之前应用分号 例句 Theshipmentarrivedlate moreover severalitemsweredamaged 改为 Theshipmentarrivedlate moreover severalitemsweredamaged 3 当两个并列的独立句由连接副词或过渡性词语连接时 该连接词或过渡性词语之前应用分号 例句 Somevarietiesoffruittreesare apple cherry plum andpear 改为 Somevarietiesoffruittreesareapple cherry plum andpear 4 冒号 当冒号用于引出一系列并列项时 不能用于 系 动词与其 表 宾语之间 或介词与其宾语之间 或用于forexample和suchas等某些短语之后 例句 Thereareseveraltypesoffruittrees including apple cherry plum andpear 改为 Thereareseveraltypesoffruittrees includingapple cherry plum andpear 例句 Thereareseveraltypesoffruittrees forexample apple cherry plum andpear 改为 Thereareseveraltypesoffruit