连贯与衔接.doc

连贯与衔接1.列举法列举的模式通常是主题句-example 1 -example 2 -example 3列举时常用for example, for instance, such as, like,thus, takeas an example, to illustrate 等词语.2.分类法一般是在主题句之后，依次罗列段落指示词所表达的几个部分或几个方面。然后，选用丰富的事例对所罗列的各个部分或各个方面进行具体地说明或解释。分类时常用：most of all， next，moreover， in addition，besides，furthermore，to begin with，to start with，first of all，first，second，third3. 因果关系在段落一开头，就用主题句点明其因果关系，然后选用有关材料，客观的罗列某些原因或结果，以阐述中心思想。因果关系常用语汇: because of, so, owing to, thanks to, thus, as a result of, hence, for this reason, consequently, is caused by, lead to, result in4比较法主题句必须明确表明所要比较的对象和所要比较的范围，实际上就是罗列两个或两个以上比较对象的相同点。 Learning English is like building a house. Laying a solid foundation is the first and most important step. In other words, you should read and speak English every day. Memorizing new words and phrases is also helpful. Like building a house, learning English takes some time. So dont be impatient. Remember, Rome wasnt built in a day.常用语汇：at the same time, similar to, accordingly, both, show a degree of similarity, similarly, the same as, and too, in the same way, in a like manner5举例法列举事实或举出实例来说明中心思想, 是简单易行、具有说服力的写作方法。Communicating with other people by telephone is very convenient, especially when you have something urgent. For example, if one of your family members is seriously ill at night, and you dont know how to deal with it and where to find a doctor, what can you do? A telephone is the answer. Dial 120 and you will get services from the hospital very soon.4英语作文中的常用句型 1.With the rapid development of science and technology (market economy/information industry) an increasing number of people come to realize that . 2.Currently there is a widespread concern over（ how to keep mentally healthy）/ over the issue that( it pays to be honest ). Some people are firmly in favor of the opinion that it is of the great significance and importance . 3. Recently the issue of ( the witness account of the traffic accident ) has brought public attention. As a matter of fact, the opinion concerning this topic varies from person to person 4.When it comes to ( the developing of the vast western regions ), Most people believe ( hold, insist, maintain, argue, are of , consider, think/ are in favor of) 5.There is no wonder ( denying, knowing ,predicting, doubt, question) among people that 6.It goes without saying that 7.As far as ( I am ) be concerned, I believe that it is of great benefit/importance/ significance/ no value to do解释原因，论证论点句型 1.A large number of factors could account for this opinion. Firstly/in the first place. Secondly/ in the second place , 2.Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned that.( reason one ) And also the following is always cited to support the idea that ( reason two ) 3.There are many reasons contributing to / leading to / accounting for / causing/ responsible for this opinion. For one thing, . For another thing, . 4.The explanation for this phenomenon of involves a large variety of complicated factors as follows: on the one hand. On the other hand,.驳斥，比较论点的句型 1.There is a certain amount of the truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to 2.Wonderful as it is, however, it has its own disadvantage too. For instance, 3.As a popular saying /proverb goes: “every coins has two sides.” it is the same when it comes to .一，开头句型1.As far as .is concerned2.It goes without saying that.3.It can be said with certainty that.4.As the proverb says5.It has to be noticed that.6.Its generally recognized that.7.Its likely that8.Its hardly that.Its hardly too much to say that.What calls for special attention is that.需要特别注意的是Theres no denying the fact that.毫无疑问，无可否认Nothing is more important than the fact that.whats far more important is that. 二，衔接句型A case in point is .As is often the case.As stated in the previous paragraph如前段所述But the problem is not so simple. Therefore然而问题并非如此简单，所以But its a pity that.For all that.In spite of the fact that.Further, we hold opinion that.However , the difficulty lies in.Similarly, we should pay attention to.not(that).but(that).不是，而是In view of the present situation.鉴于目前形势As has been mentioned above.In this respect, we many as well (say)从这个角度上我们可以说However, we have to look at the other side of the coin, that is.然而我们还得看到事物的另一方面三 结尾句型 1.Based on the previous convincing analysis, a conclusion can be easily drawn that 2. In a word/ to sum up/ to conclude/ in conclusion/in short/ no one can deny the following idea that 3.As a result, all available evidence points to the fact that 4.Although there are several different attitudes, undoubtedly the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. 5.It goes without saying that the more , the more结尾段常用的词语 Therefore In short Finally In summary In a word On the whole To conclude In brief In all In conclusion It can be concluded that All this suggest that四衔接词 列举：on the one hand, . on the other hand, ; for one thing, . for another thing, .In the first place, . In the second place, . In the third place, .; first and foremost, secondly, last but not the least等 递进：whats more; furthermore; moreover; more often than not; even worse; most important of all. in addition.等 例证：a case in point is, take it for example that , for instance/ example, such as, as follows 转折：however, on the contrary, conversely, at the same time, as a matter of fact, unfortunately 衔换：to be frank/ frankly speaking, needless to say, generally speaking, in one sense/ in a way/ to some degree/ to some extent, believe it or not, that is等 结果：consequently, as a result, for this reason, therefore/hence, as a consequence. 比较：similarly, likewise, in the same way, in a like manner; by contrast to/with, in contrast, on the contrary, instead ( of )，vise versa. 总结：in a word, all in all, to sum up, in conclusion, as has been said, in a short, in brief.5英语四级作文佳词替换及妙句30例想在四六级考试中写出好文章?那么用词是非常重要的一个环节。词汇使用得当，不仅使文章更生动，也是评分时的加分亮点。以下向各位四六级考生提供考试三十组考试中可频繁使用的优美词汇及例句。考试时用上它们，以替代你现有的普通词汇，可以瞬间点亮平淡无奇的文章。 1.individuals,characters, folks替换people ,persons2: positive, favorable, rosy (美好的)，promising (有希望的)，perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior替换good3:dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill (有害的)替换bad 如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive替换Eg.An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms. When it approaches to graduation ,as a result, they find their academic records are less impressive.4.(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,a host of, many, if not most)替换many.注：用many, if not most 一定要小心，many后一定要有词。Eg. Many individuals, if not most, harbor the idea that.同理 用most, if not all ,替换most.5: a slice of, quiet a few , several替换some6:harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that)替think (因为是书面语，所以要加that)7:affair ,business ,matter 替换thing8: shared 代 common9.reap huge fruits 替换get many benefits )10:for my part ,from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion11:Increasing(ly),growing 替换more and more( 注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing.修饰形容词，副词用increasingly.Eg.sth has gained growing popularity.Sth is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth.12.little if anything, 或little or nothing替换hardly 13.beneficial, rewarding替换helpful14.shopper,client,consumer,purchaser, 替换customer15.exceedingly,extremely, intensely 替换very16.hardly necessary, hardly inevitable . 替换 unnecessary, avoidable17.sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换sb take interest in / sb. be interested in18.capture ones attention替换attract ones attention.19.facet,demension,sphere代aspect20.be indicative of ,be suggestive of ,be fearful of代 indicate, suggest ,fear21.give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换cause22. There are several reasons behind sth 替换.reasons for sth23.desire 替换want24.pour attention into 替换pay attention to25.bear in mind that 替换remember26. enjoy, possess 替换have(注意process是过程的意思)27. interaction替换communication28.frown on sth替换 be against , disagree with sth29.to name only a few, as an example替换 for example, for instance30. next to / virtually impossible,替换nearly / almost impossible6常用写作关键词和短语数量词一些a range of ; a variety of ; a series of ; an array of无数innumerable ; countless许多plenty of ; many ; much ; a great deal of ; a lot of ; ample非常多(大)的tremendous依序列举list in sequence时间词过时的outdated ; antiquated ; outmoded ; obsolete ; anachronistic短暂的ephemeral ; transitory ; transient ; short-lived不合时宜的anachronism可持久的durable ; able to stand wear ; last a long time一再time after time ; again and again初始的preliminary前述的aforementioned ; aforesaid ; former自古到今from ancient times to the present day ; down through the ages年轻人young people ; youngster ; youth ; young adult老式的old-fashioned ; out of date ; dated偶尔from time to time ; now and then ; once in a while ; at times时常often ; frequently ; repeatedly永远的eternal ; perpetual ; lasting throughout life重整办事优先顺序reshape priorities目前so far ; by far一次就可完成的事one-time event正/反意见(opinion)骂yell at ; reprimand ; chide ; scold ; reprove支持support ; endorse ; back up ; uphold谴责condemn ; express strong disapproval of错的mistaken ; erroneous ; wrong incorrect错事wrongdoing ; had acts ; misbehavior做相反的do the reverse of ; do the opposite归咎blameon ; put the blame on ; is to blame瓦解disintegrate ; break up ; separate into small parts支持某一方in favor of ; on the side of不会犯错的infallible意见不和clashes of opinion一致的unanimous ; in complete agreement不恰当inappropriate ; improper ; unsuitable ; inadequate批判criticize ; blame; find fault with ; make judgments of the merits and faults of我们想念we are convinced that; we are certain that.我愿意I incline to; I am inclined to; I am willing to; I tend to有用的useful ; of use; serviceable; good for; instrumental; productive有意义的meaningful; fulfilling他们不愿承认这一点they have always been reluctant to admit this在大家同意下by common consent of否定deny; withhold; negate承认admit; acknowledge; confess; concede于事无补of no help; of no avail; no use使受益benefit; do good to; is good for; is of great benefit to想法frame of mind; mind set; the way one is thinking想出come up with找出come up with; find out利用use; take advantage of夸耀brag about; boast about; show off; speak too highly of照顾take care of; take charge of; attend to; watch over对很了解have a deep knowledge of对抗权威stand up against authority; resisit boldly the authority对有信心have confidence in说清楚articulate; verbalize; put in words; utter接受之美意embrace the offer of累积amass; accumulate; heap up; assemble连系tact; get in touch with; contact with排除这可能性rule out the possibility等于is equivalent to; equal选择choose; elect; opt for; pick; single out发出deliver; give out; hand over绕路detour; take a detour; take a roundabout way禁止进入is kept out; is barred from小看make little of坏了out of order; on the blink; is not working分别distinguish between; make a distinction between; tellfrom依靠count on; depend on忽视neglect; give too little care to存在come to be; come into existence; come to birth; come into being考虑consider; take into consideration; take into account考虑到in consideration of用尽力气exhaust ones strength; use up ones strength开动initiate; set going准备brace for; prepare for在于lie in; rest on; rest with主动take the initiative不算exclusive of; not counting; leaving out应该得到deserve; have right to; is worthy of避免avoid; shun; get around; circumvent幻想fantasy; play of the mind以此标准来算by this criterion; by this standard乍看之下at first glance面对in the face of; in the presence of以by means of; by virtue of; by the use of不惜代价at all costs每况愈下from bad to worse承受错误造成的后果in reaping the harvest of his mistakes取得同意get the go-ahead to不择手段unscrupulously; by hook or by crook想法与作法beliefs and practices内情ins and outs; turns and twists关键时刻the critical moment虽然although; notwithstanding; albeit; though根据according to; on the basis of; on the ground of (that); in the light of; in line with; in accordance with逃避问题evade the question增大enlarge; extend; aggrandize澄清clarify; make clear赔偿compensate for; giveas compensation for实现carry out; implement; realize; makecome true假定suppose; assume; postulate; hypothesize极端的radical; extreme极端的措施drastic measures剩下的the rest; the remainder; what is left换言之in other words; put another way结果result; aftermath; consequence优点advantage; strength; strong point; merit; benefit简言之put simply; in short; in brief; in a nutshell举例而言for instance; for example; to illustrate; let us cite 特别是an illustration; to cite a concrete case特别是especially; more than others; particularly; in particular既然now that; seeing that迹象inkling; hint; clue; a slight suggestion缺点disadvantage; demerit; shortcoming; drawback; weakness除去do away with; eliminate; remove; get rid of缺少for lack of; for a deficiency of毕竟after all; all in all范围scope; field; realm潜力potential;行为conduct; behavior; doings隔绝isolate; insulate分辨出identify; recognize不易懂的elusive; hard to understand展开unfold回馈feedback主导的人物a dominant figure; a controlling man; the most influential person观点viewpoint; point of view; perspective; standpoint正在进行中is underway只是一种姿态is merely a gesture立场position; stand; stance意向inclination; leaning; intention特权privilege; a special right来自stem from; come from一件事的不同说法alternative statements of fact交织intertwine; interweave好奇心the eager desire to know; curiosity尊敬respect; esteem; think highly of顽固的headstrong; obstinate; stubborn暗淡的gloomy; dark; dim巨大的huge; gigantic; colossal; vast; enormous; tremendous探索explore; fathom执行carry out; execute; do现代modern times; modern age; contemporary age偏见prejudice; bias; partiality; predilection混乱chaos; commotion; confusion; disturbance; tumult无弹性(僵硬)rigid无缺点的flawless; airtight无药可救incurable无法避免的unavoidable; inevitable细密的计划elaborate plan取消cancel; annul; abolish解药a cure for; a remedy for;谜puzzle; riddle; enigma机会平等equality of opportunity较有影响力的国家a predominant country遵守abide by; conform to; observe; comply with热情的passionate; ardent; zealous模糊的ambiguous; vague; obscure影响长远的far-reaching失望despair; loss of hope; without hope幼稚childish; childlike; naive挑剔的picky; choosy; fastidious破坏destroy; ruin; break to pieces; devastate技巧的skillful; adept; dexterous警觉的alert; watchful; on guard; wary of忍受bear; put up with; endure; stand证据evidence; facts; proof; grounds; testimony很容易地easily; with little problem; with little hindrance令人惊讶的amazing; astonishing; astounding生动的报导vivid description争取compete for; try hard to win遗产heritage; legacy; inheritance保护protect; safeguard; preserve; shelter了解understand; comprehend; catch the meaning of; catch on汇露reveal; make known; disclose放大amplify; magnify; enlarge动力impetus; driving force; momentum自满的complacent第一流的first-rate; excellent安全处refuge; asylum; haven; sanctuary强调emphasize; stress; highlight短视的决定short-sighted decision真正的genuine; authentic; real怪异的eccentric; peculiar; odd明显的distinct; clear; explicit; obvious得到的注意capture ones attention事事干涉的meddlesome; interfering背景setting; background假的fake; false; counterfeit夸大报导dramatize退步setback古人the ancients古老的old; ancient; 逃犯infringe (on); violate使害怕intimidate; frighten带来生气enliven对手rival吸引人的intriguing旁观者onlooker准确地说to be exact; to be precise; precisely突然醒悟it dawned on me that仔细思考之后after long deliberation; after careful thought对比及其相关用词可互换的interchangeable可与相比is comparable with (to)普遍的prevailing; common; prevalent是一个对比is a sharp contrast to比作is likened to; is compared to多样化的heterogeneous单一性的homogeneous一般而言in general; generally speaking; by and large满于现状be happy with what you are预测未来project into the future另一个观点是 another way of looking at the matter is不宜取笑 it is not decent to make fun of评估社会文化因素 assess (evaluate) sociocultural factors那并非说 that does not mean that那有这回事 there is no such thing as一个有待克服的困难是 a major hurdle for us to overcome is由造成 caused by; attributable to; due to; resulting from由组成 is made up of; is comprised of; consist必须从两方面考虑此问题this problem needs to be considered on two dimensions:限制limit; restrict; refrain; restrain; keep within limits; confine; keep in check一般人认为 conventional wisdom suggests that这方法有陷阱the method had pitfalls:说服convince; persuade; cause to believe具体的specific; concrete; tangible刻意的intentional; on purpose; intended费时间去了解take time to acquaint oneself with是此问题的核心 is at the root of the issue无法估计is beyond calculation; incalculable无资格的disqualified常用的句型 开头 Recently, the problem of has aroused peoples concern. 最近,问题已引起人