高中英语动词时态语态复习讲解(1).doc

高中英语动词时态语态复习讲解动词时态、语态汉语的时态大多是通过副词来表达的，而英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表达的。英语中的时态共有十六种，但是常考的或较常用的只有9种，而且重点测试完成时态。 要掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题。1、一般现在时 主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语； 表示客观规律和永恒真理等。He usually goes to work at 7 oclock every morning.She has a brother who lives in New York.The earth goes around the sun.Guangzhou is situated in the south of China.考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。如：I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school.考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有：时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day; 条件：if, unless, provided.If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon.考点三：在make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter 宾语从句， 从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。So long as he works hard, I dont mind when he finishes the experiment.只要他努力工作， 我不介意他什么时候做完试验。考点四：在the more the more (越越) 句型中, 若主句是一般将来时, 从句通常用一般现在时。The harder you study, the better results you will get.2、现在进行时表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动：或表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。We are having English class.The house is being built these days.The little boy is always making trouble. 考点一：在时间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。Look out when you are crossing the street. Dont wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning.考点二： 表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作（这时多有表示将来的时间状语）。Marry is leaving on Friday.3、现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在。现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语：考点一：for + 时间段；since + 时间点They have lived in Beijing for five years.They have lived in Beijing since 1995.I have learned English for ten years.考点二：常见的不确定的时间状语：lately; recently, just, already, yet, up to now; till now; so far, these days, Has it stopped raining yet ? 考点三：在表示“最近几世纪/ 年/ 月以来”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。in the past few years/months/weeks/days；over the past few years; during the last three months; for the last few centuries, through centuries; throughout history 等考点四：表示“第几次做某事，”或在 “It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名词 that” 后面跟现在完成时。This is my first time that I have visited China. This is the most interesting film I have ever seen.That is the only book that he has written.4一般过去时表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; when, 注意：考点一：used to + do，表示过去经常但现在已不再维持的习惯动作。to为不定式，后接动词原形。be/become/get used to + doing，表示习惯于He used to smoke a lot.He has got used to getting up early.考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替过去将来时。He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise 5. 过去进行时表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from work.He was taking a walk leisurely by the lake when he heard someone shouted for help.What were you doing at nine last night?The radio was being repaired when you called me.6. 过去完成时表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语，这种时态从来不孤立使用 ( before, after, by, up till ) There had been 25 parks in our city up till 2000.By the end of last term we had finished the book.They finished earlier than we had expected.考点一：用于hardly/scarcely.when; no sooner .than 句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me.I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow.No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang. （注意主谓倒装）考点二：表示“第几次做某事”，主句用过去时，从句用过去完成时。That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather.It was 3 years since we had parted。考点三：动词hope, expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan 用过去完成时，表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图。I had hoped that I could do the job.I had intended to see you but I was too busy.7. 一般将来时表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示将来的时间状语连用，其表现形式多达5种。Beijing will host the 29th Olympic Games in 2008.考点一：一般将来时总是用在一些时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主句中：We will begin our class as soon as the teacher comes.（主句用一般将来时，从句中一定要用一般现在时替代一般将来时。）考点二：某些表示短暂性动作的动词如arrive, come, go, leave, start等，用现在进行时形式表示将来。I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow.考点三：“祈使句 + and/or + 句子”，这种结构中and后面的句子谓语用一般将来时。Use your head and you will find a way.考点四：“am (is, are) going to + 动词原形”，表示打算要做的事或可能要发生的事。“am (is, are) about to + 动词原形”表示按照预定计划或打算准备着手进行的动作。“am (is, are) to + 动词原形”表示必须、必然或计划将要做的事。They are to be married in this May.8、将来进行时表将来某个时间正在发生的动作，或按计划一定会发生的事情。Ill be doing my homework this time tomorrow. 明天这会我正在写作业。The President will be meeting the foreign delegation at the airport.9、将来完成时表在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情，时间状语非常明显。考点一：常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间。如：by the end of this year, by 8 oclock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time, before或when等引导的副词从句。By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot.By the time you reach the station, the train will have left.By next Tuesday, I will have got ready for the exams.考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，将来完成时则由现在完成时表示。The children will do their homework the moment they have arrived back from school.10. 动词的语态一般用于强调受者， 做题时谓语动词不再有名词或宾语。动词的语态一般不单独考，而是和时态、语气和非谓语动词一起考，只是需要注意以下考点。考点一：不能用于被动语态的动词和词组come true, consist of, take place, happen, become, rise, occur, belong, break out, appear, arrive, die, fall, last, exist, fail, succeedIt took place before liberation. 考点二：下列动词的主动语态表示被动意义, 而且常与well, quite, easily, badly等副词连用。lock ( 锁 ) ; wash ( 洗 ); sell ( 卖 ); read ( 读 ); wear ( 穿 ); blame (责备)；ride (乘坐)； write ( 写 )；Glass breaks easily. 玻璃容易破碎。The car rides smoothly. 这车走起来很稳。The case locks easily. 这箱子很好锁。The book sells well. 这本书很畅销。考点三：一些常用经典被动句型：It is said, It is reported, It is widely believed， It is expected, It is estimated,这些句子一般翻译为“据说”，“人们认为”，而 “以前人们认为” 则应该说：It was believed, It was thought1.(2002全国高考题)You havent said a word about my new coat，Brenda.Do you like it? Im sorry I _ anything about it sooner.I certainly think its pretty on you. A.wasnt sayingB.dont say C.wont sayD.didnt say2.(2002全国高考题)I wonder why Jenny _us recently.We should have heard from her by now. A.hasnt writtenB.doesnt write C.wont writeD.hadnt written3.(2003北京春季高考题)When will you come to see me，Dad?I will go to see you when you _ the training course. A.will have finishedB.will finish C.are finishingD.finish4.(2003北京春季高考题)How long _ at this job?Since 1990. A.were you employedB.have you been employed C.had you been employedD.will you be employed5.(2003上海春季高考题)By the end of last year，another new gymnasium _ in Beijing. A.would be completedB.was being completed C.has been completedD.had been completed6.(2002北京高考题)The little girl _her heart out because she _ her toy bear and believed she wasnt ever going to find it. A.had cried; lostB.cried; had lost C.has cried; has lostD.cries; has lost7.(2002北京高考题)Excuse me，sir.Would you do me a favor?Of course.What is it?I _ if you could tell me how to fill out this form. A.had wonderedB.was wondering C.would wonderD.did wonder8.(2002上海高考题)He will have learned English for eight years by the time he _ from the university next year. A.will graduateB.will have graduated C.graduatesD.is to graduate9.(2002上海高考题)I feel it is your husband who _for the spoiled child. A.is to blameB.is going to blame C.is to be blameD.should blame10.He has been writing the composition the whole morning and he still _. A.has beenB.does C.hasD.is11.If city noises _ from increasing，people _ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.A.are not kept; will have toB.are not kept; have toC.do not keep; will have toD.do not keep; have to12.The price _，but I doubt whether it will remain so. A.went downB.will go down C.has gone downD.was going down13.How long _ each other before they _ married?For about a year. A.have they known; get B.did they know; get C.do they know; are going to get D.had they known; got14.You cant move in right now.The house _. A.has paintedB.is painted C.is being paintedD.is painting15.Hey，look where you are going!Oh，Im terribly sorry._. A.Im not noticingB.I wasnt noticing C.I havent noticedD.I dont notice16.The reporter said that the UFO _ east to west when he saw it. A.was travelingB.traveled C.had been travelingD.was to travel17.Is this raincoat yours?No，mine _ there behind the door.A.is hangingB.has hangC.hangsD.hang18.I turned around and saw everybody _ at a man who _ loudly in a foreign language. A.was staring; was shoutingB.was staring; shouting C.staring; shoutingD.stared; shouted19.Henry remained silent for a moment.He _. A.thoughtB.had thought C.was thinkingD.was thought20.We would like to go and thank him ourselves，but we _ out his address yet, A.havent foundB.hadnt found C.didnt findD.dont find21.Shirley _ a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished. A.has writtenB.wrote C.had writtenD.was writing22.Have you got your test result?Not yet.The papers _. A.are not correcting B.have not corrected C.are still being corrected D.have already been corrected23.See the clouds! It _ rain! A.willB.is going toC.mustD.certainly24.Do I have to take this medicine? It _ so terrible. A.tastesB.is tastingC.is tastedD.has tasted25.Dont take the magazine away.It _ me. A.is belonged toB.belongs to C.was belonged toD.is belonging to26.Is this the third time that you _ late? A.have beenB.amC.wasD.had been27.Do you know when Tom _ from abroad?Perhaps it will be a long time before he _. A.will come; will comeB.comes; will come C.will come; comesD.comes; comes28.My uncle said that he would telephone but I _ from him so far. A.didnt hearB.hadnt heard C.havent heardD.wont hear29.The telephone _ four times in the last hour，and each time it _ for my roommate. A.has rung; wasB.has been ringing; is C.had rung; wasD.rang; has been30.A storm _ by a calm. A.is often being followedB.was often followed C.is often followedD.has often been followed31.The pen I _ I _ is on my desk，right under my nose. A.think; lostB.thought; had lost C.think; had lostD.thought; lost32.We could have walked to the station.It was so near.Yes，a taxi _ at all necessary. A.wasntB.hadnt been C.couldnt beD.wont be33.A friend of mine returned to his house after a holiday only to find it _. A.to be brokenB.had broken into C.was brokenD.had been broken into34.They believed that by using computers the production of their factory _. A.will greatly increase B.would greatly increase C.would be increased greatly D.will have been greatly increased35.His eyes shone brightly when he finally received the magazines he _. A.had long been expected B.had long expected C.has long expected D.was long expected36.Do you like the new pen?Yes，it _ very well. A.is writtenB.is writing C.writesD.wrote37.Oh，its you? I didnt recognize you.I _ my hair cut，and I _ new glass. A.had; was wearingB.have had; am wearing C.had; woreD.have had; wear38.As she _ the newspaper，Granny _ asleep. A.read; was fallingB.was reading; fell C.was reading; was fallingD.read; fell39.However hard you _，you will never succeed in pleasing her. A.tryB.will try C.should tryD.would try40.Can I help you，sir?Yes，I bought this radio yesterday，but it _. A.didnt workB.wont work C.cant workD.doesnt work( ) 1. Where is the morning paper? I _ for you at once. A. get B. am getting C. to get D. will get( ) 2. _ a concert next Saturday?A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are( ) 3. If they come, we _ a meeting.A. have B. will have C. had D. would have( ) 4. If it _ tomorrow, well go roller-skating.A. isnt rain B. wont rain C. doesnt rain D. doesnt fine( ) 5. Tomorrow he _ a kite in the open air first, and then _ boating in the park.A. will fly; will go B. will fly; goes C. is going to fly; will goes D. flies; will go( ) 6. There _ a birthday party this Sunday.A. shall be B. will be C. shall going to be D. will going to be( ) 7. They _ an English evening next Sunday.A. are having B. are going to have C. will having D. is going to have( ) 8. Sorry, I cant open the door, for I the key to it.A. lost B. lose C. had lost D. have lost( ) 9. Its good to see you again, Agnes. This has been our first chance to visit since from Iran.A. you return B. you returned C. you have returned D. returning( ) 10. Did you expect Frank to come to the party? No, but I had hoped.A. him coming B. him to come C. that he comes D. that he would come( ) 11. Bob must be very wealthy. Yes, he more in one day than I do in a week.A. has been earned B. had earned C. earns D. has earned( )12. Come on in, Peter, I want show you something. Oh, how nice of you! I you to bring me a gift.A. didnt think, were going B. hadnt thought, were goingC. never think, are going D. never thought, were going( ) 13.I first met Lisa three years ago. She _ at a radio shop at the time. A. has worked B. was working C. had been workingD. had worked( ) 14. The reporter said that the UFO _ east to west when he saw it. A. was traveling B. traveled C. had been traveling D. was to