毕业论文外文翻译--基于MSP430F149单片机的最小系统设计及其应用.doc

毕业设计外文资料翻译题 目 基于MSP430F149单片机的时 钟设计 专 业 机械设计制造及其自动化 班 级 机械1102班 学 生 学 号 指导教师 二一 五 年 三 月 九日16SmartGrid,2013,3,91-95doi:10.12677/sg.2013.33016Published Online June 2013Based on MSP430F149 SCM smallest system design and applicationByAE TuumlDepartment of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, College China University of Geosciences, 430200Abstract:Single chip microcomputer minimum system, or the minimum application system, refers to the element with the least amount of single-chip microcomputer system can work. For the single chip MSP430 series Machine, the smallest system generally includes: single chip microcomputer, the power supply module, crystal vibration module, reset circuit module, JTAG interface circuit. This paper introduces the MSP430F149 single the characteristics of the machine and the minimum system based on MSP430F149 MCU design and its application, and introduces the composition and function of each module. Include digital tube display module, The LED display module, LCD liquid crystal display module, eight independent keyboard and other circuit module and extended application. The minimum system can download, online simulation and debugging, Proved by the experiment principle of correct and reliable, and can be widely used in teaching, scientific research and electronic design field. By loading the corresponding modules can be made into useful products, has the very great practicality.Keywords: MSP430; smallest system; circuit design; simulation; testBased on MSP430F149 SCM smallest system design and applicationIntroductionWith the rapid development of modern electronic technology and computer technology, microcontroller technology has penetrated into every aspect of human life, in automation, intelligent instrumentation, process control and increasing use of household appliances and many other fields, microcontroller family is becoming more and more big, more and more varieties, and in technology have distinguishing feature each, Texas instruments (TI) new MSP430F149 Single-chip low power consumption, powerful, for the majority of hardware designers.Single-chip microcomputer with necessary external device, generally including power supply into the power switch, reset circuit, crystals, input and output circuit can constitute a minimum system, such as simple structureMSP430F149 chip has 60 KB FLASH + 256 bytes, 2 karma, including the basic clock module, the watchdog timer, with three capture/compare registers and PWM output 16-bit timers, with seven capture/compare registers and PWM output, two 16 bit timer interrupt function of 8 bits parallel port, four 8-bit parallel port, analog comparator, 12 bit A/D converter, and the two serial communication interface module, etc. MSP430F149 chip has the following characteristics:(1) Low power consumption, voltage of 2.2 V, 1 MHZ clock frequency, the current activity pattern chip is 200 mu A, closed mode current is only 0.1 A;(2) Efficient 16-bit RISC CPU, 27 instruction, 8 MHZ clock frequency, the instruction cycle time Of 125 ns, the vast majority of instructions completed in one clock cycle;(3) Low voltage power supply, wide working voltage range: 1.8 3.6 V;(4) Flexible clock system: two external clock and an internal clock; (5)Low clock frequency can realize high-speed communication; (6) With serial online programming ability；(7) interrupt functions; (8) wake up time is short, wake up just from the low power mode6 mu s; (9) ESD protection, strong anti-interference; (10) fan running environment temperature - 40 + 85 , suitable for the industrial environment.Of all peripheral modules MSP430 series MCU control is achieved through special registers, so it is relatively easy to write. When programming development through the special programmer, you can choose to assembly or C language programming, IAR for MSP430 series MCU development the company dedicated C430 languages, can directly by the WORKBENCH and C - SPY compiler debugging, using flexible and simple.1 The minimum system designMinimum system is a necessary to ensure reliable processors work of basic circuit, including power supply module, the module of crystal vibration and reset circuit module, JTAG interface circuit, display module, etc1.1 The power supply moduleThis system need to use the + 5 V and + 3.3 V dc regulated power supply; including MSP430Fl49 and some peripheral devices need to + 3.3 V power supply, the other part need to + 5 V power supply. In this system, in order to + 5 V dc voltage for the input voltage, 3.3 V + linear step-down directly by the + 5 V.1.2 Crystal vibration moduleMSP430 series MCU clock module includes numerical control oscillator (DCO), high-Speed of crystal oscillator and crystal oscillator at low speed clock source. This is to understand System of rapid processing data and low power requirements of contradiction, through the design multiple clock source or for clock design all sorts of different working mode, can solve some Peripheral parts clock requirements of real-time applications, such as low frequency communication, LCD display, timing Device, counter, etc. Digital control oscillator DCO is integrated within the MSP430, in the system need to design high speed crystal oscillator and the low speed crystal Low-speed crystal oscillator (L X F T L) can meet the requirements of low power consumption and the use of 32.768 kHz crystal vibration. Default LFXTL oscillator work in low frequency mode, the 32.768 kHz, but can be by external 450 kHz 8 MHZ crystal vibration at a high speed Oscillation device or ceramic resonator working in high frequency mode, in this system using low frequency mode Type, crystals external 2 33 PF capacitor after XIN and XOUT connected to the MCU. High-speed chip, also known as the second oscillator XT2, it in working for the MSP430F149High frequency mode provides a clock, XT2 up to 8 MHZ. XT2 adopted in the system4 MHZ crystal, XT2 external 2 33 PF capacitor after XT2IN and XT2OUT connection To the MCU.1.3 Reset circuit moduleManual reset is minimal systems commonly used functions, this system adopts the manual reset button switches and RC circuit implementation, the circuit structure is simple.1.4 The JTAG interface circuitJTAG technology is a kind of embedded debugging technology, chip internal encapsulates the special electrical test TAP (test access port), through special JTAG test tools to test and control of internal nodes, At present most of the ARM device support JTAG protocol, standard JTAG interface is 4 line; TMS (test mode selection), TCK (the clock) and TDI (test data serial input), TDO serial output (test data). JTAG interface connection there are two standards that 14 needle JTAG interface MC9328MX1 connection circuit. Is used here consists of three state output 74 hc244d eight-way buffer of 14 needle JTAG interface circuit.2 Application circuit design based on minimum system2.1 digital tube display moduleA digital tube display need 74 hc164 drive, 74 hc164 serial input and parallel output. Its parallel output actually there is a delay, just delay time is small, can be considered as parallel output. Here is the way a serial port 0, 0 is and communication of the shift register. TXD, RXD at this time is not like other ways a send, a receiver, but RXD can also input, output TXD shift pulse. Sending and receiving data must be 8, bit rate fixed is 1/12 of the crystals. When set mode 0, it is automatically put the TXD make shift pulse. In detecting RXD TXD high levels, if high level 74 hc164 study into 1, if it is a low level, enter 0.Receiving process: REN first to buy 1, then 1 TXD, read RXD condition, high level will receive 1, receive low level 0; Then pull down the TXD, after a slight delay TXD again high, read RXD, high level will receive 1, low level 0, and so on. Read until 8 bits. Send SBUF process: is sent automatically. Send 1 RXD high first, TXD again get higher; And TXD become low, send 0 RXD lower first, TXD again get higher; Then the TXD become low, and so on. This process is done automatically, need not special programming. Digital tube look from the front, the decimal point in the lower right foot, the pin above from left to right are respectively under the public side of A and B, F, G of pins from left to right, respectively, E, C, common (decimal).2.2 The LED display modulePick up a few LED through the I/O port, through the programming a simple program, which can realize the LED flashing, so as to achieve the test circuit and chip is normal.2.3 D/A conversion moduleMSP430F149 MCU with 12 bit A/D converter, but no D/A conversion, need external D/A conversion circuit. So choose DAC0832 d/a conversion chip, and UA741 high-gain general amplifier composed of d/a conversion circuit operation. UA741 chip pins as shown in figure 1.DAC0832 is 8 of D/A conversion chip. Complete compatible with microprocessor. The DA chip with its low cost, simple interface, convert the advantages of easy control, widely used in the MCU application system. D/A converter by eight input latch, 8-bit DAC registers, 8 D/A conversion circuit and control circuit. DAC0832 is sampling frequency for 8 D/A conversion chip, Integrated circuit has two levels of input register, DAC0832 chip with double buffer, single buffer and through three kinds of input methods, in order to fit for the needs of the various circuit (such as requirement asynchronous input, synchronous multi-channel D/A conversion, etc.). The 8 bit D/A converter has eight input end (where each input is one of 8 bit binary number), has an analog output. Input can have 28 = 256 different binary configuration, output is one of 256 voltage, the output voltage is not arbitrary value throughout the whole voltage range, and can only be 256 possible values.2.4 LCD display module A/D conversion output data, need to use the LCD display.2.5 Eight independent type keyboard module The keyboard in the microcomputer application system, realize the function of the input data, transmit command, and is a major means of human intervention. Keyboard with coding and non coding keyboard, independent type button structure, matrix structure key. First, monitoring any key press, the key of closed or not, reflect on the voltage is present a high level or low level, so through the detection level of high and low status, can confirm button pressed or not. Second, determine which key is pressed. Finally, the complete key processing tasks. Including software programming using interrupt scanning way. Keyboard circuit used in hc2 74 is a high-speed Si - gate CMOS1 integration chip, the pin compatible with low power consumption. Belong to the Scotty TTL (input channel). The 74 hc21 provides 4 - input and function.2.6 The software designUsing the IAR Embedded Workbench Evaluation for MSP4305.10.1 software programming, the basic idea: the LED lights, digital tube as the main program, the 7 key as interrupt, LCD is used to enter the interrupt and A/D conversion output display output.2.7 extensionsBy extending the mouth can facilitate the single-chip microcomputer and peripheral module, resources, make full use of the chip pin real MSP430 single chip microcomputer powerful function into full play. Loading other modules in the extension mouth, through debugging, testing can produce a corresponding products on the market, strong practicability and wide prospect of market. Load on minimum system for example, a pressure sensor, electronic scale, what you can accomplish through programming, download again due to the low power consumption system, can make it portable, bring great convenience to peoples life; On the basis of minimum system loads a high-precision ultrasonic ranging module, also, you can accomplish through programming, download electronic scale, so as to replace the traditional tape, tape can make up for some disadvantages; If combined with speakers, programming downloads, encapsulate the whole system into modules, can be applied to the car, when the car in the process of driving the car away from less than a certain distance, through the voice to remind the driver, please keep the vehicles, and other related applications.3 ConclusionsMinimum system can directly as a core component used in the engineering and scientific research, has good versatility and expansibility. On the basis of the minimum system, can be easily to carry on the secondary development and function extension, can shorten the development cycle, and reduce development costs. This paper realized the basic function of the minimum system, each module of hardware circuit is introduced. And on this basis to build a simple application platform. The minimum system can be used as learning, practice teaching experiment board. Also can appropriately modify computer applied in electronic design, teaching and scientific research, industrial control and other fields, can also by loading the corresponding module, converted into useful products, put into the market.References:1 Cao lei. MSP430 microcontroller C program design and practice M. Beijing University of aeronautics and astronautics Press, 2007:105-2007.2 Xiao Xing gong, strong bum then asked xiong-ying wu. MSP430 single chip microcomputer based and practice M.Beijing University of aeronautics and astronautics press, 2008:84-85.3 Texas Instrument, MSP430x14xFamilyUsersGuideS.2003.(.).4 jian-hua shen. MSP430 series 16 ultra-low power MCU principle and practice M. Beijing University of aeronautics and astronautics press, 2008:202-202. The Modern Construction of Modern Construction.SmartGrid,2013,3,91-95doi:10.12677/sg.2013.33016Published Online June 2013基于MSP430F149单片机的最小系统设计及其应用AE TuumlDepartment of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, College China University of Geosciences, 430200摘 要 ： 单片机最小系统，或称为最小应用系统，是指用最少的元件组成的单片机可以工作的系统。对于MSP430系列单片机来说，最小系统一般包括：单片机，电源模块，晶振模块，复位电路模块，JTAG接口电路。本文介绍了MSP430F149单片机的特点及基于MSP430F149单片机的最小系统设计及其应用，并介绍了各模块的组成及功能。包括数码管显示模块，LED灯显示模块，LCD液晶显示模块，8位独立键盘等电路模块及扩展应用。该最小系统可进行在线下载，仿真和调试，经实验证明原理正确可靠，可以广泛应用于教学，科研和电子设计领域。通过加载相应模块可以制作成实用的产品，具有很大的实用性。关键词 MSP430；最小系统；电路设计；仿真；调试随着现代电子技术和计算机技术的飞速发展,单片机技术已经渗透到人类生活的各个方面，在自动化装置、智能化仪器仪表、过程控制和家用电器等许多领域得到日益广泛的应用, 单片机家族也越来越庞大,品种越来越多,且在技术上各有特色, 美国德州仪器公司（TI公司）新推出的MSP430F149单片机功耗低, 功能强大, 为广大硬件设计师所青睐。单片机芯片配以必要的外部器件，一般包括电源供入及电源开关、复位电路、晶振、输入输出电路等就能构成最小系统，结构简单。MSP430F149芯片有60KB+256字节FLASH，2KBRAM，包括基本时钟模块、看门狗定时器、带3个捕获/比较寄存器和PWM输出的16位定时器、带7个捕获/比较寄存器和PWM输出的16位定时器、2个具有中断功能的8位并行端口、4个8位并行端口、模拟比较器、12位A/D转换器、2个串行通信接口等模块。MSP430F149芯片具有如下特点: （1）功耗低：电压2.2V、时钟频率1MHz时，活动模式芯片电流为200A，关闭模式时电流仅为0.1A；（2）高效16位RISC-CPU，27条指令，8MHz时钟频率时，指令周期时间为125ns，绝大多数指令在一个时钟周期完成；（3）低电压供电、宽工作电压范围：1.83.6V；（4）灵活的时钟系统：两个外部时钟和一个内部时钟；（5）低时钟频率可实现高速通信；（6）具有串行在线编程能力；（7）强大的中断功能；（8）唤醒时间短，从低功耗模式下唤醒仅需6s；（9）ESD保护，抗干扰力强；（10）运行环境温度范围为-40+85，适合于工业环境。MSP430系列单片机的所有外围模块的控制都是通过特殊寄存器来实现的，故其程序的编写相对简单。编程开发时通过专用的编程器，可以选择汇编或C语言编程，IAR公司为MSP430系列的单片机开发了专用的C430语言，可以通过WORKBENCH和C-SPY直接编译调试，使用灵活简单。1 最小系统系统设计最小系统是由保证处理器可靠工作所必须的基本电路组成的，主要包括电源模块、晶振模块、复位电路模块、JTAG接口电路、显示模块等组成1.1电源模块本系统需要使用+5V和+3.3V的直流稳压电源，其中MSP430Fl49及部分外围器件需要+3.3V电源，另外部分需要+5V电源。在本系统中，以+5V直流电压为输入电压，+3.3V由+5V直接线性降压。1.2 晶振模块MSP430系列单片机时钟模块包括数控振荡器（DCO）、高速晶体振荡器和低速晶体振荡器等3个时钟源。这是为了解决系统的快速处理数据要求和低功耗要求的矛盾，通过设计多个时钟源或为时钟设计各种不同工作模式，才能解决某些外围部件实时应用的时钟要求，如低频通信、LCD显示、定时器、计数器等。数字控制振荡器DCO已经集成在MSP430内部，在系统中只需设计高速晶体振荡器和低速晶体振荡器两部分电路。低速晶体振荡器（ L F X T l ） 满足了低功耗及使用32.768kHz晶振的要求。LFXTl振荡器默认工作在低频模式，即32.768kHz，也可以通过外接450kHz8MHz的高速晶体振荡器或陶瓷谐振器工作在高频模式，在本系统中使用低频模式，晶振外接2个33pF的电容经过XIN和XOUT连接到MCU。高速晶振也称为第二振荡器XT2，它为MSP430F149工作在高频模式时提供时钟，XT2最高可达8MHz。在系统中XT2采用4MHz的晶体，XT2外接2个33pF的电容经过XT2IN和XT2OUT连接到MCU。1.3 复位电路模块手动复位是最小系统常用的功能，本系统采用按键开关和RC组合电路实现手动复位，电路结构简单。1.4 JTAG接口电路JTAG技术是一种嵌入式调试技术，芯片内部封装了专门的测试电路TAP（测试访问口），通过专用的JTAG测试工具对内部节点进行测试和控制，目前大多数ARM器件支持JTAG协议，标准JTAG接口是4线；TMS（测试模式选择）、TCK（测试时钟）、TDI（测试数据串行输入）、TDO（测试数据串行输出）。JTAG接口的连接有两种标准，即14针JTAG接口与MC9328MX1连接电路。这里使用的是由74HC244D三态输出的八路缓冲器组成的14针JTAG接口电路。2 基于最小系统应用电路设计2.1 数码管显示模块位数码管显示需要74HC164驱动，74HC164是串行输入，并行输出的。它的并行输出其实是有延时的，只是延时时间小，可以认为是并行输出。这里用的是串口的方式0，方式0是和移位寄存器通讯的。此时TXD、RXD不是像别的方式那样一个发送，一个接收，而是RXD既可输出也可输入，TXD作移位脉冲。收发数据必须是8位，比特率固定是晶振的1/12。当设置方式0后，它就自动把TXD作移位脉冲了。在TXD高电平时检测RXD，若是高电平，74HC164就读进1，若是低电平，就读进0。接收的过程：先给REN置1，然后TXD置1，读RXD状态，高电平就接收1，低电平接收0；然后拉低TXD，略微延时后TXD再置高，读RXD，高电平就接收1，低电平接收0，以此类推。直到读完8个位。然后RI变高。发送过程：给SBUF写进一个数，就自动发送。发送1时RXD先变高，TXD再变高；然后TXD变低，发送0时RXD先变低，TXD再变高；然后TXD变低，以此类推。上述过程都是自动完成的，不用专门编程。数码管从正面看,小数点在右下脚,上面的引脚从左向右分别是F、G公共端A、B下面的引脚从左向右分别是E、D公共端 C、Dp(小数点）。2.2 LED显示模块从I/O口接几个LED，通过编程一个简单的程序，可实现LED灯闪烁，从而达到检验电路及芯片是否正常。2.3 D/A转换模块MSP430F149单片机自带12位A/D转换器，但没有D/A转换，需要外接D/A转换电路。因此选用DAC0832数模转换芯片，及UA741高增益运算通用放大器组成的数模转换电路。UA741芯片引脚如图所示。DAC0832是8分辨率的D/A转换集成芯片。与微处理器完全兼容。这个DA芯片以其价格低廉、接口简单、转换控制容易等优点，在单片机应用