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Reading Comprehension-Inference Questions阅读理解专题复习: 推理判断题 2009 年54题, 56题, 58题, 60题,61题,63题,66题,69题2010 年51题,,58题,,61题,,66题,,67题,,70题,,2009,2010湖北高考阅读理解推理判断题:1.阅读推理判断题分类: 1. 推断隐含意义 2.推断作者观点,态度,或人物性格 3.推断写作目的 4. 推断文章出处 5.推断上下文内容 2.命题特点: 判断推理的题目中常含有infer、imply、suggest、intend、mean、learn、know、purpose等动词,或含有表示推测的情态动词can、could、might、would,以及表示推断的副词probably,most likely等。 判断推理题的干扰选项有以下设置特点: 1. 将文章中一些从字面含义上就能了解到的信息作为干扰项; 2. 将不符合事实、逻辑的判断推理结果作为干扰项。 3解题技巧:1. 不选择照抄原文的选项,要选择有同义词的选项。 2.不选事实细节选项。3.不选非事实选项。 4.选概括性/ 哲理性的选项。一、如何推断隐含意义1. Question forms: It can be inferred from the text that . From the text we know that is most likely . When the writer talks about , what the writer really means is . The writer suggests that . The story implies that . We can infer conclude from the passage that 2.解题方法 1).全面分析.2).忠实原文.3).不要选择表层信息. 要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息,即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断,利用逆向思维或正面推理,从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。 3.Practice:(passage1) Did you ever hear a strange sound coming from the wall? Did it sound like a clock? If so, it may have been made by a beetle. Long ago people thought the ticking meant that someone was about to die. Thus the beetle is called the deathwatch beetle. (1分钟) The sound of this beetle _.A. pleased people. B. surprised people. C. frightened people. D. excited people.(passage2) Several different bison species have lived on the North American continent since the Ice Age; today only two exist. The wood bison is the larger of the two, and is now found mostly in western Canada. Better known in the United States is the Plains bison, or buffalo. At one time, herds of these animals could be sighed almost everywhere from the Appalachian Mountains in the East to the Rocky Mountains in the West. The author implies that several types of bison_.A. live outside the United Stated and Canada B. are well adapted to swampy terrain C. existed before the Ice Age D. have been killed or have died out二、如何推断作者观点和态度说明文中作者的态度: objective_ neutral _ 在议论文中,有: (1)positive_ (2)negative _ (3)neutral _ (4)approval_ (5) disapproval_ (6) indifferent_(7)sarcastic_ (8)critical_ (9)optimistic_ (10)pessimistic_1. Question forms: The writers attitude toward is_.The writer thought that_.According to the author _.What does the author probably mean by “ ”?2.技巧点拨 1.由表及里,准确把握字里行间的意思,切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的观点。2.特别注意那些描写环境气氛的语言以及表达感情、态度观点的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子。3.能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识识别评价。Passage 3.(江西卷)Just as crying can be healthy, not cryingholding back tears of anger, pain or sufferingcan be bad for physical(身体的) health. Studies have shown that too much control of emotions can lead to high blood pressure, heart problems and some other illnesses. If you have a health problem, doctors will certainly not ask you to cry. But when you feel like crying, dont fight it. Its a naturaland healthyemotional response(反应). (2分钟)According to the author, which of the following statements is true?A. Crying is the best way to get help from others.B. Fighting back tears may cause some health problems.C. We will never know our deep feelings unless we cry.D. We must cry if we want to reduce pressure. (passage 4) Why do people take part in such activities as these? Some psychologists(心理学家)suggest that it is because life in modern societies has become safe and boring. Not very long ago, peoples lives were constantly in danger. They had to go out and hunt for food, diseases could not easily be cured and life was a continuous battle for survival(生存). Nowadays, according to many people, life offers little excitement. They live and work in comparatively safe conditions; they buy food in shops; and there are doctors and hospitals to look after them if they become ill. The answer for some of these people is to look for danger in activities such as bungee jumping. (4分钟) The writer of the text has a _ attitude(态度)towards dangerous sports. A. positive B. negative C. neutral (中立的) D. nervous三、如何推断写作目的 1. Question forms:(1) 考查整篇文章的写作目的A. The writers purpose of writing this passage is to _.B. What is the purpose of writing this article?C. In writing the passage, the author intends to _.(2) 考查某处细节的写作意图A. The writer uses the example ofto show that _.B. The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _.C. are mentioned in the first paragraph to _. 2. 常见的写作目的归纳 不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的, 但写作目的通常有以下三种:常见于故事类的文章:to make people laugh; to tell an interesting experience 常见于广告类的文章:to sell a product or a service; to attract more visitors / readers / audience 多见于科普类新闻报道类文化类或社会类的文章to introduce the readers some information3. 技巧点拨 (1) 根据文体类别推断写作目的 (2) 从写作手法来推断写作目的要求考生根据文章的论述,推测作者的写作意图及应用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图,而是通过文章所提供的事实和形象,客观地使读者信服某种想法或意见,这种题型要求同学们不但能理解文章的内容,同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的写作方法进行归纳总结和分析的能力Passage 5 “Have you ever been out on a boat and felt it lifted up by a wave? Or have you jumped in the water and felt the rush of energy as waves came over you?” asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group at the University of Edinburgh. “There is certainly a lot of energy in waves,” he said. (1.5分钟) The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _. A. test the readers knowledge about waves B. draw the readers attention to the topic C. show Jamie Taylors importance D. invite the readers to answer themPassage 6 A young man from a village called Nawalapitiya married a young woman from Maliyuwa, a nearby village. They lived with the mans big family-his parents, his brothers, their wives and children. The family kept an elephant, in which the young woman soon took a great interest. Every day she fed it with fruit and sugar. Three months later the woman went back to her parents home, having quarreled with her husband. Soon the elephant refused to eat or work. It appeared to be ill and heart-broken. One morning after several weeks the animal disappeared from the house. It went to the womans home. On seeing her, the elephant waved its trunk and touched her with it. The young woman was so moved by the act of the animal that she returned to her husbands home. The writer wrote the story in order to_.(3分钟) A. show that elephants are very clever B. tell how a woman trained a wild animal C. show that women care more for animals than men do D. tell how an animal reunited a husband and wife四、如何推断文章出处1. Question forms: The passage is most likely to be taken from_.Where would this passage most probably appear?The passage is most likely a part of _.2 解题技巧 这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处: A.报纸:前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称。 B.广告:因其格式特殊,容易辨认。 C.产品说明:器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式,而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数、药量等。 Passage 7 全国卷)Do you always understand the directions on a bottle of medicine? Do you know what is meant by “Take only as directed?” Read the following directions and see if you understand them. To reduce pain, take two tablets(药片) with water, followed by one tablet every eight hours, as required. For night-time and early morning relief (缓解疼痛) take two tablets at bedtime. Do not take more than six tablets in twenty-four hours. For children six to twelve years old, give half the amount (量). For children under six years old, ask your doctors advice. Reduce the amount if you suffer from restlessness or sleeplessness after taking the medicine. This text is most probably taken from a _. (2分钟) A. textbook B. newsreel C. doctors notebook D. bottle of medicinePassage 8 More than 30,000 drivers and front seat passengers are killed or seriously injured(受伤)each year. At a speed of only 30 miles per hour it is the same as falling from a third floor window. Wearing a seat belt(安全带)saves lives; it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more than half. Therefore drivers or front seat passengers over 14 in most vehicles must wear a seat belt. If you do not, you could be fined up to $ 50. It will not be up to the drivers to make sure you wear your belt. But it will be the drivers responsibility(责任)to make sure that children under 14 do not ride in the front unless they are wearing seat belt of some kind. However, you do not have to wear a seat belt if you are reversing(倒退)your vehicle or you are making a local delivery(发送)or collection using a special vehicle; or if you have a valid medical certificate which excuses you from wearing it. Make sure these circumstances(情形)apply to you before you decide not to wear your seat belt. Remember you may be taken to court for not doing so, and you may be fined if you cannot prove to the court that you have been excused from wearing it. (3分钟) This text is taken from _. A. a medical magazine B. a police report C. an advertisement(广告) D. a government information booklet 五推断上下文内容1. Question forms: 1) The next paragraph would most probably deal with _2)The paragraph preceding this one would most likely discuss _.2解题技巧: 推测下文的内容:根据作者的思路进行推理推测上文的内容:关注第一段,特别是文段开始的几句话。Passage 9 When early humans hunted and gathered food, they were not in control of their environment. They could only interact with their surroundings as lower organisms did. When humans learned to make fire, however, they became capable of altering their environment. To provide themselves with fuel they stripped bark from trees, causing the trees to die. Clearings were burned in forests to increase the growth of grass and to provide a greater grazing area for the wild animals that humans fed upon. This development led to farming and the domestication of animals. Fire also provided the means for cooking plants which had previously been inedible. Only when the process of meeting the basic need for food reached a certain level of sophistication was it possible for humans to follow other pursuits such as the founding of cities. (3分钟) The paragraph following this passage would most likely be about _.A. fire B. hunting C. farming D. urbanization (城市化)Passage 10 We are in the computer ageWe often see computers at workThey are especially useful in automatic control,data processing(数据处理)and solving complicated problemsAnd they are finding their way into the homeThe part played by computers is becoming even more important with each passing day More and cleverer computers will continue to appearThey will run faster,have more functions and work much more skillfullyThey will take over more tasks from us,helping to change the face of our worldSome people even think that sooner or later computers will replace us However Which of the following statements will best continue the third paragraph? A Computers will soon stop developing B Many people like computers very much C Computers are as clever as man D I do not think computers will replace us completely Summary:1.推断隐含意义,必须吃透相关文段的意思。 2.推断作者的写作意图,应当关注主题句,同时把握文章的体裁也可以推断作者的写作目的。3.推断作者的观点,应当全面理解文章的内容及文章的中心思想。4.推断下文的内容,必须特别关注最后一段的内容,尤其是最后的两三句话。 Practice :2010年湖北高考题 A1. It was a Sunday and the heavy storm had lasted all night. The morning after the storm, though, was beautiful: blue skies, warm air and a calm, inviting sea touching the shore gently. My father realised it was a good day for fishing and invited my sister and me to go with him. I was only 14 and fishing had never been my thing, but I decided to go all the same. Im so glad I did. On the road to the harbour we could see the terrible destruction on the coast, but the harbour itself was in fairly good shape. After all, it was protected by the arms of a bay that had only one tiny channel to the sea. As we got on board, we noticed two big humps (脊背) in the distance. On approaching them,we saw it was a mother whale with her baby.We couldnt beliece it -there arent any whales along the coast here.The storm must have driven them across the ocean into the bay, in which the still water was so badlly polluted that nothing could surive.The little baby whale -actually as big as our boal-was obviously stuck and could not move.The mother dived under the water and came up suddenly,making big whirlpools(漩涡) and waves.”Shes trying to help her baby, but on the wrong side,”my father said.At this point,myfather moved our boat in a semicirele to the other side and ,heading the boat towards the baby whale,pushed it gently.With our several gentle pushes the big hump turned over and disappared under water.Then it swam up right beside its mum.They stuggled in their desperate attempts to escape but missed the exit and started heading in the wrong direction.We hurried up to the whalesand tried to lead them towards the bay channel.Showly,they let us lead them,some-times rising from the water right beside us to breathe-and to give us a trusting look with those huge eyes.Once they hit their first part of clean water flowing straight from the sea,the mum gave us a wave with her tail and off they swam into the distance.In the excitement it had felt like only a few minutes, but we had been with those wonderful animals for almost an hour and a half.That was the simple and lasting beauty of the day,Nearly four decades later ,I still look back fondly to that golden day at sea.1.1) The author says “Im so glad I did.” (in Para. 2) because _.(A) he witnessed the whole process of fishing(B) he enjoyed the beauty of the calm sea(C) he experienced the rescue of the whales(D) he spent the weekend with his family B 2. For many parents, raising a teenager is like fighting a long war, but years go by without any clear winner. Like a border conflict between neighboring countries, the parent-teen war is about boundaries: Where is the line between what I control and what you do? Both sides want peace, but neither feels it has any power to stop the conflict. In part, this is because neither is willing to admit any responsibili ty for starting it. From the parents point of view, the only cause of their fight is their adolescents complete unreasonableness. And of course, the teens see it in exactly the same way, except oppositely. Both feel trapped. In this article, Ill describe three no-win situations that commonly arise between teens and parents and then suggest some ways out of the trap. The first no-win situation is quarrels over unimportant things. Examples include the color of the teens hair, the cleanliness of the bedroom, the preferred style of clothing, the childs failure to eat a good breakfast before school, or his tendency to sleep until noon on the weekends. Second, blaming. The goal of a blaming battle is to make the other admit that his bad attitude is the reason why everything goes wrong. Third, needing to be right. It doesnt matter what the topic is politics, the laws of physics, or the proper way to break an eggthe point of these arguments is to prove that you are right and the other person is wrong, for both wish to be considered an authority someone who actually knows something and therefore to command respect. Unfortunately, as long as parents and teens continue to assume that they know more than the other, theyll continue to fight these battles forever and never make any real progress. 2.4) What will the author most probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?(A) Causes for the parent-teen conflicts. (B) Examples of the parent-teen war.(C) Solutions for the parent-teen problems.(D) Future of the parent-teen relationship.3. They wear the latest fashions with the most up-to-date accessories (配饰). Yet these are not girls in their teens or twenties but women in their sixties and seventies. A generation which would once only wear old-fashioned clothes is now favouring the same high street looks worn by those half their age. Professor Julia Twigg, a social policy expert, said, “Women over 75 are now shopping for clothes more frequently than they did when they were young in the 1960s. In the 1960s buying a coat for a woman was a serious matter. It was an expensive item that they would purchase only every three or four yearsnow you can pick one up at the supermarket whenever you wish to. Fashion is a lot cheaper and people get tired of things more quickly.” Professor Twigg analysed family expenditure (支出)data and found that while the percentage of spending on clothes and shoes by women had stayed around the same at 5 or 6 per cent of spending the amount of clothes bought had risen sharply. The professor said, “Clothes are now 70 per cent cheaper than they were in the 1960s because of the huge expansion of production in the Far East. In the 1960s Leeds was the heart of the British fashion industry and that was where most of the clothes came from, but now almost all of our clothes are sourced elsewhere. Everyone is buying more clothes but in general we are not spending more money on them.” Fashion designer Angela Barnard, who runs her own fashion business in London, said older women were much more affected by celebrity (名流) style than in previous years. She said, “When people see stars such as Judi Dench and Helen Mirren looking attractiveandfashionablei

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