Lecture 2 Contrastive Study 课件提纲.doc

Lecture Two Contrastive Study of Chinese and English Lead in大观楼长联五百里滇池奔来眼底，披襟岸帻，喜茫茫空阔无边。看：东骧神骏，西翥灵仪，北走蜿蜒，南翔缟素。高人韵士何妨选胜登临。趁蟹屿螺洲，梳裹就风鬟雾鬓；更萍天苇地，点缀些翠羽丹霞，莫辜负：四围香稻，万顷晴沙，九夏芙蓉，三春杨柳。数千年往事注到心头，把酒凌虚，叹滚滚英雄谁在？想：汉习楼船，唐标铁柱，宋挥玉斧，元跨革囊。伟烈丰功费尽移山心力。尽珠帘画栋，卷不及暮雨朝云；便断碣残碑，都付与苍烟落照。只赢得：几杵疏钟，半江渔火，两行秋雁，一枕清霜。Translation: 只赢得：几杵疏钟，半江渔火，两行秋雁，一枕清霜。There left behind are bronze bells heard occasionally and fishing boats with flickering lamps seen in the middle of the lake, wild geese leaving in a hurry in two files in autumn, and only frosted snow all over the terrains in winter.Example 1千山鸟飞绝, 万径人踪灭; 孤舟蓑笠翁，独钓寒江雪。Over a thousand mountains the winging birds have disappeared. Throughout ten thousand paths, no trace of humankind.In a solitary boat,Straw hat and cape,An old man fishes alone Cold river in the snow.Example 2知己知彼，百战不殆；不知彼而知己，一胜一负；不知彼不知己，每战必殆。u You can fight a hundred battles without defeat if you know the enemy as well as yourself. You will win one battle and lose another if you know yourself but leave yourself in the dark about the enemy. You will lose every battle if you leave both the enemy and yourself in the dark.l From Structure1. 英语有形态变化,汉语没有严格意义的形态变化.English : gender, number, case, tense, voice, mood, degree of comparison, person and parts of speech. 汉语: 数量助词,动态助词,结构助词 比较：我给了他一本书. I gave him a book. 他给了我两本书. He has given me two books.他爸爸常常给他一些书. His father often gives him booksHe is a professional.She is a professional.He is a loose man.She is a loose woman.He served as a call boy when he was 19.She served as a call girl when she was 19.2. 英语词序比较灵活，汉语词序相对固定.Not a finger did I lay on him. 我从没有指责过他.他被剥夺了权利之后,只好离职,流落他乡.He had to quit the position and went in exile, having been deprived of his power.3.英语经常使用定冠词和不定冠词out of question take a chair a hundred and one out of the question take the chair one hundred and oneShe was with a child.She was with child.They are students of our school.They are the students of our school.I have lived here for more than a year.I have lived here fore more than one year.4.汉语有丰富多彩的助词.吧今天不会下雨吧?你好好想想吧!明天就明天吧.咱们走吧.打吧,打不下去;跑吧,跑不了,敌人只好投降5.英语常用介词,汉语则少用介词. What is he at? 他正在干什么? John voted with the Tories. John 投票支持保守党. He is a man above vulgar interests. 他是一个脱离了低级趣味的人 It looks as if we are in for a storm. 看来我们免不了要碰上一场暴风雨了. If a man couldnt walk into a room and tell who was for him and who was against him, then he wasnt much of a politician. 要是一个人不能一上任就看出谁支持他,谁反对他,那他就不配搞政治l From Intonation1. 英语是语调语言,语音表意手段主要是语调和重音.You may not go. 你不可以去.You may not go. 你可以不去.You said he would COME.You said he WOULD come.You said HE would come.You SAID he would come.YOU said he would come.2. 汉语是声调语言,语音表意手段主要是声调. 我的衣服我的姨夫 我爱马我挨骂 我叫他去。Ill ask him to go.Ill go and call him. 我想起来了 Ill get up. Ive thought it out.3. 汉语注重音节均匀，成双成对:对偶,排比,反复,叠音Translate:She had such a kindly, smiling, tender, gentle, generous heart of her own. A new kind of aircraft small, cheap, pilotless is attracting increasing attention.重重叠叠山，曲曲弯弯路，叮叮咚咚泉，高高下下树 Escalating mountains, meandering paths, tinkling springs and interspersing trees.行行过太行, On and on past Taihang we walk迢迢赴延安. By and by to Yanan we make our way细细问故旧, Again and again with old friends we talk星星数鬓斑. One by one we count our hairs grey. In-class exercises We will not attack unless we are attacked. 人不犯我，我不犯人；人若犯我，我必犯人。 As you sow, so will you reap. 种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆 He is smart as a rule, but this time a fool. 聪明一世，糊涂一时 Once a certain limit is reached, a change in the opposite direction is inevitable. 物极必反 Birds of the same feather flock together物以类聚，人以群分 远在天边，近在眼前。Right here. 一言既出， 驷马难追。What is said cannot be unsaid 耳听为虚，眼见为实。Seeing is believing 差之毫厘，谬之千里。A miss is as good as a mile. 佛要金装，人要衣装。Fine feathers make fine birds.l From Meaning1. Chinese grammar is flexible while English grammar is rigid.1) .汉语是意合语言,以神统形,注重逻辑,隐形连贯.人不犯我,我不犯人。We will not attack unless we are attacked人到事中迷,就怕没人提. When a man is lost in a labyrinth, what he needs badly is a hint. There is no difference but difference of degrees between different degrees of difference and no difference. 实为五十步笑百步是也.2).英语是形合语言,必须使用关联词,以形式连接词语句去了也白去。Even if you go there it wouldnt do any good.无事不登三宝殿。I wouldnt come to you if I hadnt something to ask of you. 喝水不忘掘井人When you drink water, think of those who dug the well他一家子在这儿,他的房子、地在这儿，他跑？跑了和尚跑不了庙！. Escape? But his home and property cant escape. The monk may run away, but the temple cant run with him!”2. Chinese has an overall perspective while English has an individual viewpoint.英语:重理性、重分析、重个体、严谨汉语:重感性、重悟性、重整体、含蓄 门吱呀一声开了, 进来一个人. The door squeaks open and in comes a person.人生来平等。All men are created equal.做人难，做女人难，做名女人更难。It is difficult for everyone to live in this world, esp. a famous woman.请你画一个大树，树根、树干、树枝、树丫、树叶都必须画全。Please draw a complete tree, roots and all. (with its roots, trunks, branches, twigs, leaves)Man proposes, God disposes. 谋事在人，成事在天。No discord, no concord. 不打不相识; 不打不成交The enemy advances, we retreat; the enemy camps we harass; the enemy tires, we attack; the enemy retreats, we pursue. 敌进我退, 敌驻我扰, 敌疲我打,敌退我追.When those above behave unworthily, those below will do the same. 上梁不正下梁歪。Until all is over, ambition never dies. 不到黄河心不死。无官一身轻One who has no official duties has a light heart.多一点困难怕什么？封锁吧，封锁十年八年，中国的一切问题就解决了。What matters if we have to face some difficulties? Let them blockade us! Let them ! By that time, all of chinas problems will be solved.3. Chinese language is implicit and concise while English language is explicit and elaborate.长夜横枕意心歪, 斜月三更门半开，短命到今无口信, 肝肠望断没人来。- e. e. cummingsl(a 孑（一 le 口 af 十 fa 票 ll 风 s) 雨 one 令） l 瓜 iness 独，一叶飘零, 孑然一生Translation skill:1. 英译互汉往往要破句重组。2. 英语用指物主语的句子，汉译改用指人主语。3. 汉译要用实词代替英语原句中的虚词（介词等） In the doorway lay at least twelve umbrellas of all sizes and colors. 门口放着至少十二把伞，它们颜色各异，大小不一 Can you answer a question which I want to ask and which is puzzling me?我想问你一个问题，这个问题一直困扰着我，你能回答吗？ A strange peace came over her when she was alone.当她独自一人的时候，她感到一种莫名的平静。 Fears began to take entire possession of him.他惊恐万分。 一看到那棵树，我便想起了童年的情景。At the sight the tree, I think of my childhood. 1840年至1880这四十年中，近一千万移民移居美国。These forty years from 1840 to 1880 brought nearly 10 million immigrants to America.Pun双关语:The use of a word in such a way as to suggest two or more meanings or different associations, or the use of two or more words of the same or nearly the same sound with different meanings, so as to produce a humorous effect. A bicycle cant stand on its own because it is two-tyred. His left brain has nothing right and his right brain has nothing left. I was arrested at the airport. Just because I was greeting my cousin Jack! All that I said was Hi Jack, but very loud. On Sunday, they pray for you and on Monday they prey on you. An ambassador is an honest man who lies abroad for the good of his country. We must all hang together, or assuredly we shall all hang separately. (Benjamin Franklin) Try our sweet corn, and youll smile from ear to ear. I saw a saw saw a saw. Its the buy buy time. Trust us. Over 5000 ears of experience OIC! 春蚕不应老，昼夜常怀丝。 何惜微躯尽，缠绵自有时 杨柳青青江水平，闻郎江上唱歌声。东边日出西边雨，道是无晴却有晴。 “你是萍, 凭-凭什么打我儿子!” “ youre my - mighty free with your fists! What right have you to hit my son?” Why is an island like the letter T? Because it is in the middle of water. Why are Saturdays and Sundays so strong? Because they are not week/weak days. Why is a room full of married people like an empty room? Because there is not a single person there. What is the difference between the law and an iceberg? One is justice while the other is just ice. Why is death like the letter E? Because it is at the end of life. Why are soldiers tired on April 1st? Because they have just had a long march . When is a new hat like an old one? When it is worn. What starts with T, ends with T and full of T? Teapot. Why are movie stars so cool Because they have so many fans. Anagrams 变位词east seat west stew south shout north thorn Dormitory -dirty room the eyes they see Eleven plus two Twelve plus one mother-in-law woman HitlerPalindrome回文: a word or phrase that reads the same backward as forward a Toyotarace car Put up if I put up! Able was I ere I saw Elba. Madam in Eden, Im Adam. No X in Nixon. The jail might have been the infirmaryThe infirmary might have been the jail Experience without learning is better than learning without experience赏花归去马如飞，去马如飞酒力微 ；酒力微醒时已暮, 醒时已暮赏花归.夏：香莲碧水动风凉，夏日长香莲碧水动风凉 ，水动风凉夏日长 ；长日夏凉风动水 ，凉风动水碧莲香 .Anticlimax反高潮，突降法 The duties of a soldier are to protect his country and peel potatoes. The following was written on the gravestone of an army horse: “Here lies Maggie, the horse who in her time kicked a general, 2 colonels, 4 majors,10 captains, 24 lieutenants, 40 sergeants, 220 privates, and a bomb. Your future depends on your dreams. So go to sleep the wise never marry, and when they marry they become otherwise. Love the neighbor. But dont get caught. One should love animals. They are so tasty. Behind every successful man, there is a woman. And behind every unsuccessful man, there are two. Success is a relative term. It brings so many relativesAlliteration 头韵 曲曲折折的荷塘上面,弥望的是田田的叶子.叶子出水很高，像亭亭的舞女的裙. 层层的叶子中间，零星地点缀着些白花，有袅娜地开着，有羞涩的打着朵儿的；正如一粒粒的明珠，又如碧天里的星星，又如刚出浴的美人. 微风过处，送来缕缕清香，仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的. Residents Return to Rubble in Kansas. (MSNBC News, April 26, 2001)In-class exercise:1 It was a splendid population - for all the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home.l 那是一批卓越的人-因为所有那些慢慢吞吞,昏昏沉沉,反应迟钝,形如树獭的人留在了家乡.l (出来的)这帮人个个出类拔萃-因为凡是呆板,呆滞,呆头呆脑,呆如树獭者都呆在家里了.2 Predictably, the winter will be snowy, sleety, and slushy.雪花飘飘，雪雨霏霏，雪路泥泞3 The strength of women comes from the fact that psychology cannot explain us. Men can be analyzed分析, women merely adored.怜惜4 Penny wise but pound foolish 捡了芝麻，丢了西瓜5 Change is part of life and the making of character, hon. When things happen that you dont like, you have two choices: You get bitter or better.痛苦不堪，痛快达观Poem AppreciationSpring- Thomas Nash (1567-1601) Spring, the sweet spring, is the years p