延续性动词和短暂性动词和现在完成时题目.doc

现在完成时中非延续性动词的转换 现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作或存在的状态，一直持续到现在，并可以和以for或since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，也可以用在以“how long”提问的句子中，句子中的谓语动词一般为延续性动词。但是，有些动词所表示的动作是短暂的，这类动词叫做非延续性动词。如：come, go, reach, arrive, leave, borrow, buy, join, die, begin, start, finish等。在现在完成时的句子中，非延续性动词作谓语动词时，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。 表示动作的连续性，就要把非延续性动词转换成相应的延续性动词或短语，具体转换如下：(要求记住)come/go/reach/arrivebe in/at, leavebe away from, borrowkeep, buyhave, joinbe in/be a member of, diebe dead, start/beginbe on, finish/endbe over, openbe open (adj.), closebe closed (adj.), marrybe married come to / go back to / return to be back to go out be out become be get up be up； die be dead； fall asleep / get tot sleep be asleep； lose not have ； put on wear catch / get a cold have a cold； get to know know have / has gone to have been in 注意： 1. 非延续性动词可以在现在完成时的否定句中作谓语，并可以与for，since引导的时间状语连用，表示动作的延续过程。例如： She hasnt bought any new clothes since last year. 2. 在现在完成时的肯定句中，非延续性动词作谓语时不能与for，since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，但可以用其他句式来表示同一个意思。例如：例:The old man died 4 years ago. -The old man has been dead for 4 years. - It is 4 years since the old man died. -Four years has passed since the old man died. He joined the Party 2 years ago. -He has been in the Party for 2 years. I bought the book 5 days ago. - I have had the book for 5 days. He has been away from Beijing for two years. = He left Beijing two years ago. = It is two years since he left Beijing. = Two years has passed since he left Beijing. 1. A. They came to our school in 1980. B. They _ _ _ our school since 1980. 2. A. The man died five years ago. B. The man _ _ _ for five years. 3. A. The meeting began two minutes ago. B. The meeting _ _ _ for two minutes. 4. A. We borrowed two books last week. B. We _ _ the two books for a week. 5. A. When did the train arrive here? B. How long _ the train _ here?补充练习：1.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _ for 20 minutes.A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away2. I _ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in3.The factory _ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened4.Mary and Rose _friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become5. You mustnt _ until he comes back. A. be away B. leave C. be left6.The meeting _ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over7.Miss Gao _ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught8.Ben _ a teacher for 4 years . A. has been B. has become C. was D. became9. I _ home for a week. A. have returned B. have been back C. returned10. How long _ he _ ? A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead11. - How long can I _ the book? - Two weeks.A. borrow B. lend C. get D. keep12.He _ the car for a week. A. bought B. has bought C. has had 13.-How long _ you _ ill ? -Two weeks. A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been14.Since 2000, he _ his hometown. A. has left B. has moved away C. has been away from15.Ill lend you the book , but you can only _ it for 2 days. A. borrow B. keep C. take16.The bus _ on the road for 2 hours so far. A. has stopped B. stopped C. has been17. Tom is ill in hospital. He _ a cold for several days. A. is B. catches C. has caught D. has had18.He _ for 2 hours. A. got up B. has got up C. has been up现在完成时：have / has + p.p (过去分词)第一部分：现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果；也可表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态。学习现在完成时,先从结构和句式开始:构成:主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他。(当主语是第三人称单数时用has,其余人称用have。过去分词:规则动词的过去分词构成与动词过去式相同;不规则动词需要特殊记忆。)否定式:主语 + have/has (not) + 过去分词 + 其他。疑问式: Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他?简略答语: Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定)No, 主语 + havent/hasnt.(否定)第二部分：现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义: * 以already, just和yet为标志 already, just和yet 表示到现在为止动作或状态已经、刚刚或还没有发生。He has already got her help.他已得到她的帮助。He has just seen the film.他刚刚看过这场电影。He hasnt (yet)come back (yet).他还没有回来。* 以ever和never为标志ever和never 表示到现在为止动作或状态曾经或从来没有发生过。This is the best film I have ever seen.这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。He has never been to Beijing.他从没有到过北京。* 以动作发生的次数为标志若某一动作到现在为止已经发生了若干次,则要使用现在完成时。He says he has been to the USA three times. 他说他已经去过美国三次了。* 以so far为标志so far / up to now往往表示到目前为止动作或状态已经发生。He has got to Beijing so far.到目前为止他已到了北京。She has passed the exam so far.到目前为止她已经通过了考试。第三部分：过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在, 甚至有可能继续延续下去,我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手,进一步学习现在完成时。*“终止”、“延续”要转换英语中的动词从词义上可以分为延续性和非延续性两种,在现在完成时态中一定要注意动词这一特性,应将这类非延续性动词转换为延续性动词。如:“The cat play” has been on for half an hour.猫已经开演半个小时了。How long have you had this dictionary?这本字典你买了多久了?初中阶段常见的有:come-be, go out -be out, leave-be away (from), begin-be on, buy-have, borrow-keep , join-be a member / 介词短语, die-be dead, become-be, open(v.)-be open(adj.) 等。* 时间“点”、“段”须分清过去开始的动作可以延续到某一点结束,也可能继续延续,这时就要根据时间“点”、“段”选择相应的介词for或since。如:He has been away for two years.他已走了两年。(for+时间段)He has been an English teacher since 1992.自从1992年以来他一直当英语教师。(since+过去某一时刻)I have never seen him since we met last time.for + 时间段 for many / several years=for years since / after / before/ until 等+ 时间点since +时间点作状语（状语从句），句子一般使用完成时态第四部分：A)选用have, has填空:1.I _ told him the news.2.She _ come back from school.3.You _ won the game.B)按要求改写下列各句:4. They have bought a computer. (改成否定句)_5. He has lost his book.(先改成一般疑问句,再作肯定与否定回答)_C) 单项选择6. -Where have you _, Kate? -Ive _ to the bank.A. gone, goneB. been, beenC. gone, beenD. been, gone7. Her grandfather _ for two years. A. diedB. has diedC. has been deadD. has been diedDie v. dead adj. death n.He has been blamed for (因为) his mistake.My mother bought a new coat for me. = My mother bought me a new coat.8. It is (has been) six weeks _ I met