初中定语从句.doc

精品文档定语从句一、 定义：定义从句：在复合句中，修饰名词或者代词的从句叫做定语从句。先行词：被修饰的名词或者代词。关系词：连接主句和定语从句的连接词。1 分类：关系词分为关系代词和关系副词 关系代词：who,whom,whose,that,which 关系副词：when,where,why2. 功能作用：第一，连接主句和从句 第二，指代先行词第三，充当从句的句子成分二、 定语从句的结构：定语从句必须位于先行词之后，即 先行词+关系词+定语从句 e.g. He said he couldnt understand people who talk fast. 主句 先行词 关系词 定从三、 关系代词的用法： 1. 常规用法：关系代词指代充当从句成分例句who人主语，宾语I love the singers who sing words clearly.(做主语)She is the person (who) I met yesterdayt.(作宾语)whom人宾语She is the person (whom) I met yesterdayt.(作动词宾语)She is the person for whom you should wait.(作介词宾语)which物主语，宾语I love the book which are written by Lu Xun.(做主语)The story (which) he told was very interesting.(作动词宾语)that人，物主语，宾语I love the book that are written by Lu Xun.(指物，作主语)The story (that) he told was very interesting.(指物，作宾语)I love the singers that sing words clearly.(指人，做主语)She is the person (that) I met yesterdayt.(指人，作宾语)whose人，物定语Do you know the name of that girl whose brother is your roommate ?你知道她的哥哥与你同寝室的那位女孩的名字吗？常表达某人的、某物的之意要点提示：1. 关系代词在从句中作动词宾语时可以省略。例如：This is the book ( which ) you were looking for yesterday . 这就是你昨天找的那本书。I dont like the novel ( that ) you are reading .我不喜欢你看的这本小说。Who is the man ( whom ) youre talking about ? 你们谈论的那个人是谁？2. 定语从句中，关系代词的单复数取决于先行词的单复数。例如：Those who are in their forties are required to have a physical examination this afternoon .（先行词Those是复数，关系代词who也就看作是复数，所以从句的谓语动词就用了复数形式are了。）请那些年龄在四十几岁的人于今天下午去进行体检。This is the magazine which was sent to me by post .（先行词the magazine是单数，关系代词which也就看作是单数，所以从句的谓语动词就用了单数形式was sent） 这是通过邮局寄给我的杂志。2. 关系词只能用that的情况: a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如: He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。 b.被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.例如: Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗? c.先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.例如: This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。 d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that, 而不用which.例如: I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。 e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如: Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁? f.主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.例如: There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。 3. 关系词只能用which,而不用that 的情况: a.先行词为that, those时,用which, 而不用that.例如: Whats that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么? b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如: This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。 c.引导非限制性定语从句,用which, 而不用that.例如: Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。 四、关系副词的用法 (1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。例如: This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。 (2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。例如: This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。 (3)why 指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。例如: Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。 I.单项填空。 1. -Do you know the man _is talking with your father? -Yes, hes our headmaster. A. he B. who C. which D. whom 2. Is this the river _I can swim? A. which B. in which C. that D. the one 3. This is the best hotel in the city _I know. A. where B. which C. that D. it 4. Can you lend me the dictionary _the other day? A. that you bought B. you bought it C. that you bought it D. which you bought it 5. Anyone _with what I said may put up you hands. A. which agrees B. who agree C. who agrees D. which agree 6. My watch is not the only thing _ is missing. A. that B. it C. which who 7. The man _coat is black is waiting at the gate A. whos B. whose C. that of which. 8. The girl _ is reading under the tree _my sister. A. which; is B. whom; was C. who; is D. who; was 9. I love places _the people are really friendly. A. that B. which C. where D. who 10. The world _ is made up of matter. A. in that we live B. on which we live C. where we live in D. we live in . 用适当的关系代词that, which, who, whom填空。 1. The first thing _you must do is to have a meal. 2. April 1st is the day _is called April Fools Day in the west. 3. The family _had lost everything in a big fire got much help f