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名词性从句名词性从句指在主句中起名词作用的从句,主要包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句与同位语从句。(一) 主语从句(妙记用法:整个句子作主语,后面紧跟单谓词;陈述句莫忘加that,语序均同陈述句)在主句中其主语作用的从句称为主语从句。连接主语从句的连接词主要有三类:从属连词、连接代词和连接副词。从属连词主要有that, whether,他们在从句中不作任何成分。连接代词在从句中起名词的作用,作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。连接副词在从句中起副词的作用,作状语。1. that 引导主语从句常置于句首,从属连词that在主句中不作任何成分,也没有实际意义,只起连接从句的作用。 That he will come to the conference has excited every one of us.他要来参加会议使我们每一个人都十分激动。 That in some countries women are still treated unequally is unfair.在一些国家妇女仍然受到不平等对待是不公平的。2. it 可代替主语从句至于句首作形式主语,常见的it替代主语从句的句式主要有:(1) It + 系动词+ 形容词(necessary,right,likely,unlikely,wrong,important,certain,clear,obvious,strange,natural等)+ that从句。It is certain that the farmers have brought in more money by all means。很明确大多数农民通过各种方式赚了更多钱。注意:在“It is necessary,important,strange,natural+ that从句”结构中,从句常用“(should+)动词原形”形式。It is necessary and important that one(should)master the skill of operating computer so as to meet the need of a job.为了找工作,每个人都掌握电脑操作技巧是很有必要并且很重要的。(2)It +be+名词(短语)(a pity,a shame ,good news,a fact,a honour,a wonder,no wonder等)+that从句It is no wonder that youve achieved so much success.难怪你取得了这么多成绩。(3)It+ be+过去分词(said,told,heard,reported,decided,suggested,advised,ordered,remembered,thought,considered,well known,announced等)+that从句It is said that the professor has already succeeded in carrying out this experiment。据说这位教授已经成功地完成了这个实验。注意:在“It+ be+ suggested,advised,ordered,requested,insisted,required+ that从句”结构中,that从句应用“(should+)动词原形”形式。It was decided that they(should)start the project the next month。他们下个月开始他这项工程已经定下来了。(4)It+特殊动词(seem,appear,happen,matter)+that从句It happened to me that I had been away when he called。他打电话时,我正好不在家。3. that主语从句的疑问形式和句子的一般疑问形式一样 。Was it decided that they(should)start the project the next month?他们下个月开始这项工程已经定下来了吗? Did it happen to you that you had been out when he called?他打电话好似,你正好不在家吗?(二) 宾语从句(妙计用法:动、介、“非谓”接宾从,少数形容词也相同语序按照陈述句,时态变化要记心中。)在句中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句。宾语从句可分为三类:动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。连接宾语从句的连接词分为:从属连词、连接代词和连接副词。从属连接词主要有:that, whether, if; 连接代词主要有:who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever等。连接副词主要有:when, where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等。1. 动词的宾语从句(1) 大多数的动词(hope,tell,say,know,think,consider,imagine,hear,expect,suppose,guess等)可以带宾语从句。We will expect that they will win,for members of their team are stronger.我们都预料他们回应,因为他们的队员更强壮。(2) 有些“动词+副词”(find out、point out、work out、turn out )结构也可以带宾语从句。 I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have sold out。我发现这场音乐会的所有票全卖光了。(3) 有的动词短语(make sure,make up ones mind,keep in mind)也可以带宾语从句。Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in. 在交试卷前确保没有任何错误。(4) 动词find,feel,think,consider,make,believe等后有宾语补足语时,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day。我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。注意:有些动词带宾语从句时习惯上需要在宾语从句前加it。这类动词有hate,enjoy,like,love,dislike,take,owe,have,see to等。I hate it they talk their mouth full of food。我讨厌他们嘴里含食物时说话。2.一般情况下介词后只能用wh-类连接词引导宾语从句。We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部。The book is about how Shenzhou VI manned spaceship was sent up into space.这本书是关于神舟六号载人航天飞船如何升入太空的。3sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,afraid,surprised,satisfied,sorry等表示“情感”的形容词后也可以带宾语从句。Im sure that theyll make it in spite of the terrible weather.我确信不管天气多恶劣,他们会取得成功的。(三) 表语从句在句中作表语的从句称为表语从句。能引导宾语从句的连接词皆可以引导表语从句。1. 表语从句的连接词(1) 引导表语从句的从属连词有:that和whether。that和whether在表语从句中不作任何成分,that无实义,但whether有“是否”的意思。The question is whether we can reduce the cost of the product.问题是我们是否能降低产品的成本。注意:如主句的主语是idea,advise,suggestion,order,request,request,requirement等名词时,则表语从句的位于应用虚拟语气,记住与无论是单数或是复数,位于一律用“(should+)动词形式”的形式。My suggestion is that we(should)have a discussion about this matter instead of just laying it aside.我的建议就是我们应该讨论一下这个问题,而不应把它放在一边。主语为名词reason时,表语从句中的连接词要用that,而不用why或because.The reason for such a serious accident is that the driver was too careless and drunk.这么严重的交通事故完全是由于司机太粗心,喝酒太多造成的。(2) 引导表语从句的连接代词主要有when,where,whose,what,which,whoever,however等。That is what I am interested in.这就是我所感兴趣的。(3) 引导表从句的连接副词主要有when,where,why,how ,whenever,wherever,however等。That was where we camped last time.那就是上次我们野营的地方。The question is however we can do the work better.问题是我们究竟如何才能将这项工作做得更好。 (4) because,as if,as though,as ,like等连接词也可以引导表语从句。He had heart disease. That is because he has been smoking too much.他有心脏病,这是因为他抽烟太多了。2. 除be以外,可用于表语从句的连系动词有seem,look,appear,sound,tasted,feel,remain等。The question remains whether they will be able to help us.问题还是他们能否帮我们。(四) 同位语从句(妙计用法:同位语从句似“定从”,两种句型有异同,从句跟在名词后,that不省要记心中。)同位语从句是以理解说明某一名词内容和实质,它所修饰的词称为先行词。同位语从句中在主句中的作用等同于先行词的作用。1. 同位语从句常用的引导词有that,whether,why,where,how,when等。if一般不引导同位语从句。在同位语从句中that,whether不做成分,whether表示“是否”,其他连接词具有实义,同时在同位语从句中作句子成分。The fact that some countries are still suffering from poverty is really a great problem to the world.有一些国家任然贫穷对整个世界来说是一个大问题。The question why so many people would choose to live in the countryside but to work in the city is still under discussion.人们任然在讨论这样一个问题:为什么如此多的人愿意到乡下居住而到城市上班。Theres some doubt whether John will come on time.对约翰是否会准时到有一些怀疑。1. 同位语从句前常用的名词belief信念,相信 doubt怀疑 explanation解释hope希望 idea想法,主意 news消息opinion观点 possibility可能性 statement论断thought想法 wish愿望 truth事实fact事实 question问题 promise答应,诺言problem问题 reply答复 report报道suggestion建议 advise建议 order命令fear害怕 warning警告(五) 名词性从句注意事项1. that引导的定语从句与同位语从句的区别(1) 所表达的内容不同。定语从句和同位语从句都是用以修饰名词的。定语从句是用来说明名词的性质、特征、来源等;同位语从句是用来说明名词所表示的具体内容。The fact that he presented was a strong proof。它所提供的事实是一个强有力的证据。(定语从句)The fact that she hadnt said anything surprised us all.她任何事情也没说的事实使我们每一个人都很惊讶。(同位语从句)(2) that在句中所起的语法作用不同。引导定语从句的that是关系代词,它的作用是连接主句和从句,并代表先行词在从句中充当句子成分,且that作宾语是时可以省略,指物时,可以用which代替。引导同位语从句的that是连词,只起连接主语和从句的作用,它不充当任何成分,但不能省略,也不可以为which所代替。试比较:The news(that=which)we heard spread all over the county.我们所听到的消息传遍了整个国家。(定语从句)We expressed the hope that Mr and Mrs Smith would come to visit China the next year.我们表达了希望史密斯夫妇的第二年到中国来访的愿望。(同位语从句)(3) 所修饰的名词不尽相同。同位语从句前的名词数量有限,往往是含有某种信息的词,如message,news,fact,hope,desire,problem,idea,suggestion,advise,question,order,belief,doubt,fear,truth,thought等,而定语从句修饰的先行词则不受限制。注意:判定定语从句和同位语从句的方法。凡是同位语从句,皆可改为The fact,news,idea,truth,thought is/ was that结构,而定语从句则不可。The news that our team won the game excited us all.我们队赢了的消息使我们每一个人都很激动。(本剧可改为The news was that our team won the game.故原句中是同位语从句 )The news that the radio broadcast this morning is not true at all.今天早上收音机播送的新闻根本不是真的。(不可改为The news was the radio broadcast

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