高考英语语法复习--复合句.ppt

复合句 复合句的种类 名词性从句形容词性从句 定语从句 副词性从句 状语从句 名词性从句 名词性从句包括主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句和同位语从句 引导词 1 从属连词 that if whether2 连接代词 who what which whom whose3 连接副词 when where how why等 名词性从句引导词的特点 除了三个从属连词外 连接代词和连接副词都在句中作成分 连接代词一般作主语 宾语和表语 连接副词作时间 地点 方式 原因状语 所有的引导词都具有连词特征 除了that在宾语从句中可以省略外 其他引导词一般不能省略 that引导名词性从句时不作成分 无意义 仅起引导作用 在引导宾语从句时可省略 引导主语 表语和同位语从句时不能省略 that引导宾语从句时在以下情况下不能省略 eg EverybodycouldseewhathappenedandthatTomwasfrightened and连接两个宾从 that宾从放在and的后面 不能省略 Iknownothingabouthimexceptthatheisfromthesouth 作介词的宾语从句时that不能省略 名词性从句难点 1 语序和时态Eg Thequestion hasbeenworryinghimrecently A whereistogoB wheretogoC whereishetogoD wherehewastogo Heaskedme tobuildthisplant A howlongitwastakenB howlongithadtakenC howmuchtimedidittakeD howmuchtimeitwastaken 2 关联词的选择使用 A 是that还是what Eg Thequestioncameupatthemeeting wehadnotenoughmoneytodotheresearch A whetherB thatC ifD what wecan tgetseemsbetterthan wehave A What thatB What whatC That thatD That what Theywanttomakeitcleartothepublic theydoanimportantjob A whenB whereC thatD which 区别 that不作成分 无意义 仅起引导作用 what可作主语 宾语 表语 保留疑问词特征 本身有意义 相当于thething fact matterthat 意为 所 的 东西或事情 B whether还是ifEg Itdependson hehasenoughmoney A ifB weatherC ifornotD whether thesportsmeetwillbehelddependsontheweather A WheneverB IfC WhetherD That Idon tmind theywillcome A ifornotB whetherornotC whetherornoD iforno 用whether或if引导名词性从句时 题干中往往出现表示 不肯定 概念的词语 如 notsure certain notknown decided isstillaquestion dependon等 两词引导宾语从句时可以互换 但下列情况一般只用whether a 介词后的宾语从句 b 引导主语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 c 后面出现ornot 注意 与not连用时只能用ifeg Iwonderifhecannotdomeafavour c whatever whoever whomever whichever的区别 Eg Giveitto youlike A whomB whoeverC whoD when Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild heorshewants A howeverB whateverC whicheverD whenever I llremember theteacherteachesus A thatB nomatterwhatC whateverD nomatterwhich whomever只作宾语 whatever anythingthatwhoever anyonewhowhomever anyonewhomwhichever anyonethat 强调某一范围中的任何一个 D how whenwhere why的选择 Ihavenoidea hewillcomeback A whereB whenC whatD that Pleaseexplain thisispossible A howB whatC whyD that Iremember thisusedtobeaquietvillage A whenB howC whereD what 定语从句 引导词分为两类 1 关系代词 who whom whose which that as2 关系副词 where when why等引导词的作用 1 代替先行词 2 引导定语从句 3 在从句中充当成分 关系代词作主语 宾语 可以省略 表语 关系副词作状语 定语从句难点 1 whose引导的定语从句 whose作定与修饰后面的名词 可修饰人或物 相当于 ofwhom ofwhichEg Histhestudentwhosecomposition thecompositionofwhom wonthefirstprize Irefertothehousewhosewindow thewindowofwhich facesthelake 2 which和as引导非限制性定语从句的区别 which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句的后面 as引导非限制性定语从句时放在主句前后均可 as意为 正如 后面的谓语动词多是see know expect say mention report等 另外用于某固定搭配 如thesame as such as等 which意为 这一点 如 Asweallknow hestudiesveryhard Heturnedouttobeverysuccessful whichwasmorethanwecouldexpect 3 介词提前的定语从句 介词 which whom 不能用that或who如何选用合适的介词 根据后面动词和介词的搭配关系选择 Thetwothings theyfeltproudwereJim sgoldwatchandDella shair 应填ofwhich beproudof为固定短语 根据介词与前面的名词搭配选择 1 Canyoufindapropersituation theexpressioncanbeused 2 I llneverforgettheday Ifirstmethim 应填inwhich和onwhich 在 场合 介词用in 表示具体的某一天 用on 有时需要考虑介词和动词的搭配及介词和名词的搭配 Thecleverboymadeaholeinthewall hecouldseewhatwashappeninginsidethehouse A inwhichB throughwhichC atwhichD onwhich Hewastheman MasteroftheGamewastranslated A intowhomB bywhomC atwhomD byhim 4 关系副词引导的定语从句 when where why在定语从句中作状语 When in on at which where in at which why forwhich Iknowthereasonwhy forwhich hewasunhappy Thisisthehousewhere inwhich welivedfor5years 选择关系词一定要考虑它在从句中的作用 即作主语 宾语 表语 定语时用关系代词 作状语时则用关系副词 Istillrememberthedayswhichwespenttogetheronthefarm 宾语 Ineverforgetthedayswhenweworkedonthefarm 状语 Healwaysstayedattheofficeat6 00 bywhichtimeothershadgonehome 定语 关系词在从句中作宾语 状语时 从句中不应该出现相同意义的成分 误 Haveyoufinishedthebookwhichyouborroweditfromthelibrarylastweek 正 Haveyoufinishedthebook which youborrowedfromthelibrarylastweek 区别多重引导词 1 that可以引导名词性从句 定语从句 状语从句 Thathewaslatemadetheteacherangry Hetoldusthethingandpersons that hesawthere I mgladthathepassedtheexam 2 When where why既可引导名词性从句 又可引导定语从句或状语从句 而且有时可以互相转化 Whenhewillcomeisstillunknown Thetimewhenhewillcome Idon tknowwherehefoundhislastbike Idon tknowtheplacewhere atwhich hefound Idon tknowwhyhemissedthemeeting Idon tknowthereasonwhyhemissed Thenewhousestandswheretherewasapool Thenewhousestandsattheplacewheretherewasapool 3 Whoever whateverwhichever可引导名词性从句或状语从句 Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepunished Anyonewhobreaksthelawshould Whoevercalls askhimtoleav