报刊基础及阅读2.doc

报刊基础及阅读模拟试卷二考试形式：开卷 考试时间：90分钟 Part One Explain the following sentences in Chinese1.The Hitler diaries set off a worldwide furor when they came to light in late April.2.British scholar Hugh Trevor-Roper,an early advocate,now calls them forgeries until the opposite is proven.3.Its a fabulous opportunity to meet the people behind the issues.4.Every morning when I got up I knew I was going to be judged and graded.Theres no time off and no vacation,and you get worried that youll blow it.5.Fully 80% of them(antibiotics) are not administered to humans but are mixed with animal feed-both to prevent disease and to accelerate livestock growth.6.Boyce and Pratt had a falling out over $150 that Pratt claimed Boyce owed him. Part Two Reading ComprehensionPassage ILead deposits, which accumulated in soil and snow during the 1960s and 70s, were primarily the result of leaded gasoline emissions originating in the United States. In the twenty years that the Clean Air Act has mandated unleaded gas use in the United States, the lead accumulation world-wide has decreased significantly.A study published recently in the journal Nature shows that air-borne leaded gas emissions from the United States were the leading contributor to the high concentration of lead in the snow in Greenland. The new study is a result of the continued research led by Dr. Charles Boutron, an expert on the impact of heavy metals on the environment at the National Center for Scientific Research in France. A study by Dr. Boutron published in 1991 showed that lead levels in arctic(北极的) snow were declining.In his new study, Dr. Boutron found the ratios of the different forms of lead in the leaded gasoline used in the United States were different from the ratios of European, Asian and Canadian gasolines and thus enabled scientists to differentiate ( 分区) the lead sources. The dominant lead ratio found in Greenland snow matched that found in gasoline from the United States.In a study published in the journal Ambio, scientists found that lead levels in soil in the North-eastern United States had decreased markedly since the introduction of unleaded gasoline.Many scientists had believed that the lead would stay in soil and snow for a longer period.The authors of the Ambio study examined samples of the upper layers of soil taken from the same sites of 30 forest floors in New England, New York and Pennsylvania in 1980 and in 1990.The forest environment processed and redistributed the lead faster than the scientists had expected.Scientists say both studies demonstrate that certain parts of the ecosystem (生态系统 ) respond rapidly to reductions in atmospheric pollution, but that these findings should not be used as a license to pollute.1. The study published in the journal Nature indicates that A) the Clean Air Act has not produced the desired resultsB) lead deposits in arctic snow are on the increaseC) lead will stay in soil and snow longer than expectedD) the US is the major source of lead pollution in arctic snow2. Lead accumulation worldwide decreased significantly after the use of unleaded gas in the USA) was discouragedB) was enforced by lawC) was prohibited by lawD) was introduced3. How did scientists discover the source of lead pollution in Greenland?A) By analyzing the data published in journals like Nature and Ambio.B) By observing the lead accumulations in different parts of the arctic area.C) By studying the chemical elements of soil and snow in Northeastern America.D) By comparing the chemical compositions of leaded gasoline used in various countries.4. The authors of the Ambio study have found that A) forests get rid of lead pollution faster than expectedB) lead accumulations in forests are more difficult to deal withC) lead deposits are widely distributed in the forests of the USD) the upper layers of soil in forests are easily polluted by lead emissions5. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that scientists A) are puzzled by the mystery of forest pollutionB) feel relieved by the use of unleaded gasolineC) still consider lead pollution a problemD) lack sufficient means to combat lead pollutionPassage IIThroughout the nations more than 15,000 school districts, widely differing approaches to teaching science and math have emerged. Though there can be strength in diversity, a new international analysis suggests that this variability has instead contributed to lackluster (平淡的) achievement scores by U.S. children relative to their peers in other developed countries.Indeed, concludes William H. Schmidt of Michigan State University, who led the new analysis, no single intellectually coherent vision dominates U.S. educational practice in math or science. The reason, he said, is because the system is deeply and fundamentally flawed.The new analysis, released this week by the National Science Foundation in Arlington, Va., is based on data collected from about 50 nations as part of the Third International Mathematics and Science Study.Not only do approaches to teaching science and math vary among individual U.S. communities, the report finds, but there appears to be little strategic focus within a school districts curricula, its textbooks, or its teachers activities. This contrasts sharply with the coordinated national programs of most other countries.On average, U.S. students study more topics within science and math than their international counterparts do. This creates an educational environment that is a mile wide and an inch deep, Schmidt notes.For instance, eighth graders in the United States cover about 33 topics in math versus just 19 in Japan. Among science courses, the international gap is even wider. U.S. curricula for this age level resemble those of a small group of countries including Australia, Thailand, Iceland, and Bulgaria. Schmidt asks whether the United States wants to be classed with these nations, whose educational systems share our pattern of splintered (支离破碎的) visions but which are not economic leaders.The new report couldnt come at a better time, says Gerald Wheeler, executive director of the National Science Teachers Association in Arlington. The new National Science Education Standards provide that focused vision, including the call to do less, but in greater depth.Implementing the new science standards and their math counterparts will be the challenge, he and Schmidt agree, because the decentralized responsibility for education in the United States requires that any reforms be tailored and instituted one community at a time.In fact, Schmidt argues, reforms such as these proposed national standards face an almost impossible task, because even though they are intellectually coherent, each becomes only one more voice in the babble ( 嘈杂声).1. According to the passage, the teaching of science and math in America isA) focused on tapping students potentialB) characterized by its diversityC) losing its vitality graduallyD) going downhill in recent years2. The fundamental flaw of American school education is that _.A) it lacks a coordinated national programB) it sets a very low academic standard for studentsC) it relies heavily on the initiative of individual teachersD) it attaches too much importance to intensive study of school subjects3. By saying that the U.S. educational environment is a mile wide and an inch deep (Line 2, Para. 5), the author means U.S. educational practice _.A) lays stress on quality at the expense of quantityB) offers an environment for comprehensive educationC) encourages learning both in depth and in scopeD) scratches the surface of a wide range of topics4. The new National Science Education Standards are good news in that they willA) provide depth to school science educationB) solve most of the problems in school teachingC) be able to meet the demands of the communityD) quickly dominate U.S. educational practi