偶数阶幻方矩阵的一些奇妙性质.doc

1由于失业率增高，美元币值下降，股票市场处于困境之中，经济问题将是总统所面临的最严峻的考验。初译With unemployment rate high，the dollar value lowand the stock market in distress，the economy problem will be the Presidents sternest trail分析英语较少使用范围词，所以译文中的“rate”、“value”和“problem”都应该去掉。2一到南京，我的朋友就在机场等着接我。初译On arriving at Nanjing，my friend was waiting for me at the airport分析“0n arriving”和主句的主语“my friend”不一致，因此这种译法不能成立。On arriving at Nanjing, I found my friend waiting for me at the airport3尽管是一个大学生，小郑连一封英文信都写不好。译文In spite of a college student，Xiao Zheng cannot write an English letter properly分析“in spite of”含义是“不为困难或障碍所阻”，亦即“全然不顾”。所以，用在这句的译文中是不合适的。应改用Though(he is)420年来，中国的科学家们为祖国做出了贡献。初译In the past twenty years，the Chinese scientists did great service to their motherland分析“In the past-q：时间段”，要求主句用现在完成时。句中的“did”应改为“have done”。5在这座小村落中，他被人们看成是一个聪敏的人。初译 In this small village，he is passed for a wise man分析“to pass for”的意思是“被人们认为是”，不能使用被动语态,本身内含被动意味的词组,例如：to abide by(遵守)，to abound with(in)(充满)，to accord with(符合)，to add up to(总起来意味着)，to brim over with(充满)，to come in for(受到)，to come to light(被发现)，to consist in(存在于)，to date back t()(要逛溯到)，to depend on(取决于)，to descend to(遗留给)， to go by the name of(被称之为)，to go for(被认为是)，to make for(有助于)，to result in(导致)，to treat of(主要是论述)等等。6.我校目前尚未设博士点。译文Our university hasnt yet had any doctoral programs分析“博士点”中的这个“点”字，看似明确，实际上是颇模糊的。这里译为“program”，译得相当成功7.做生意就得动真格的，决不能当儿戏。译文In doing business we must play for keepsIts no joking matter8.“别跟我哭穷了，我还不知道你的底细?”译文“Stop poor-mouthing to meI have your number”分析此句中的“哭穷”和“底细”都是意义笼统的词。“哭穷”是指“故意推说自己没钱以掩盖其经济实力”。“底细”是指 “真实情况”。上面的译文既译出了它们的真实含义。9. 我们相信用不了多久我们的产品就会走向世界。译文We believe that it will not be long before our products go global(are internationally recognized)分析“走向世界”虽字义明确，但英译表达却必须地道而且有分寸。有人译为“go to the world,就不太合乎逻辑，因为仿佛使人觉得，中国好像不属于这个世界似的。外刊表达同样的含义使用“go global”这个短语，分寸把握得很好。也可译为：“Our products will find their way into world market”他们想问题做事情的方法，他们的历史习惯跟我们不同。初译The way they think，the way they do things and their historical habits are different from ours分析英语中无“historical habits”这种说法，所以应把“历史习惯”译为“traditional habits”。5今年春天由党中央召开的全国科学大会，动员全国人民为祖国的科学、技术现代化而努力。初译The National Science Conference convened this spring by the Party Central Committee sparked off the entire naition to dig in towards the modenization of science and technology分析译文用词不仅要准确、生动，而且还要注意语境，比如文体的风格、人物的语言风格等。这一句汉语，明显是比较正式的政论文体或新闻文体，而“spark off”和“dig in”两个短语是口语体表达，用在这里显然不合适。应分别改为书面体表达：“mobilized”和“work for”。8. 我们无法向人民交待。分析汉语中的“向交待”可能含有三种意思：一是“布置任务”或“嘱托事情”，二是“坦白错误或罪行”，三是“解释说明”。这句汉语肯定是第三种意思。因此译为：It would be difficult for us to account for it to the peopleWe will not be able to justify ourselves to the peopleWe cant present the case to the peopleWe cant face our own people5.夜已很深了。分析初学翻译的人一看到这个汉语句子，可能马上会想到“deep”这个对应词。把原文译为：The night is very deep(注：可以译成：It is already deep night.)而正确的译文应是：The night is well advancedis growing latehas grown old他们成不了什么气候。分析如译为“They cannot become weather”英、美读者肯定会丈二和尚摸不着头脑。按照汉语的真实含意，宜变通译为：They cannot prevailThey cannot hold swayThey cannot have their way4.我们应该记住老一辈科学家们为成功研制“两弹”而努力奋斗的那些日日夜夜。初译We should keep in mind the days when scientist of the older generation successfully developed the atomic and hydrogen bombs分析“successfully”在这里是赘词。因为既然已经研制出来，当然是成功的了。汉语中不少这样的表达译成英语时都可省掉“successfully”，如“成功召开了”、“成功举办了”、“成功建造了”等等我们就把这个方法建立在更加自觉的基础之上了。初译We established this method on the basis of more consciousness分析这种译文是典型的“中国式英语”，字对字地死译，实际是破坏了原文意思的表达。改译为： We thus employed this method much more consciously(“基础”不再译出)又如：“在他们自愿基础上，好心地帮他们学习。”译为：Given their willingness，it is our duty sincerely to help them study(此句中，“基础”也不必译出)8中国人民一定能胜利。初译The Chinese people will surely win分析“will win”的份量已够，再加上surely反而削弱了力量，使人觉得说话人自己就有点吃不准。9他告诉他父亲，他第二天该起得早。初译He told his father that he should get up earlier the next morning分析读者弄不清谁该起得早，因为第二个he指谓不清。改译为：He told his father：“I shall get up earlier tomorrow”He said to his father：“You11 have to get up earlier tomorrow，10李先生就要和他的同事们告别了。他与他们一道工作很长时间，因此大家不愿让他离开这里。初译MrLi was about to say good-bye to his colleagues. He had worked with them for a long timeSo，all of them were not willing that he would leave here分析这又是一句典型的中国式英语。由于机械地按顺序翻译，不但句子零乱，而且没能把原文的精髓表达出来。改译为： MrLi had worked so long with his colleagues hereTo their regret，he was about to say good-bye to them1由于失业率增高，美元币值下降，股票市场处于困境之中，经济问题将是总统所面临的最严峻的考验。With unemployment rate high，the dollar value low and the stock market in distress，the economy problem will be the Presidents sternest trail2一到南京，我的朋友就在机场等着接我。On arriving at Nanjing，my friend was waiting for me at the airport3尽管是一个大学生，小郑连一封英文信都写不好。In spite of a college student，Xiao Zheng cannot write an English letter properly420年来，中国的科学家们为祖国做出了贡献。In the past twenty years，the Chinese scientists did great service to their motherland5在这座小村落中，他被人们看成是一个聪敏的人。In this small village，he is passed for a wise man6. 他们想问题做事情的方法，他们的历史习惯跟我们不同。The way they think，the way they do things and their historical habits are different from ours7今年春天由党中央召开的全国科学大会，动员全国人民为祖国的科学、技术现代化而努力。The National Science Conference convened this spring by the Party Central Committee sparked off the entire naition to dig in towards the modenization of science and technology8.夜已很深了。The night is very deep 9.他们成不了什么气候。They cannot become weather10. 我们应该记住老一辈科学家们为成功研制“两弹”而努力奋斗的那些日日夜夜。We should keep in mind the days when scientist of the older generation successfully developed the atomic and hydrogen bombs11. 我们就把这个方法建立在更加自觉的基础之上了。We established this method on the basis of more consciousness12中国人民一定能胜利。The Chinese people w